• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.182-187
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• 2023

We aim to provide our surgical techniques, and outcomes of functional scrotal reduction procedures with complete preservation of the genitourinary original anatomy in a simple way without using complicated skin grafting or skin advancement flaps in Patients with huge and long-standing scrotal lymphedema 18 patients ages ranged from 14-65 with a median of 30 years. Functional scrotal and penoscrotal reduction was attained in all cases, without distortion of the genitourinary anatomy and without the need for advancement, rotational or free flaps, maximal scrotal diameter was reduced from median of 61[48-92] cms to a median of 25[21-29] cms (P<0.0001) and remained almost unchanged at the end of the follow up period 26[22-34] cms (P<0.0001). Sexual performance and voiding capacity were improved in all patients, testicular vascularity was unaffected and the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) for the quality of life showed marked enhancement in the total 55.5[50-72], general 55.5[50-72], social 100[50-100] and physical 16.6[16-33] points subscales. According to our experience, surgery remains the gold standard treatment for management of huge scrotal lymphedema, successful preservation of the genitourinary functions can be attained despite the size in most cases with excellent cosmoses.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 2010

Purpose: Most of the patients who underwent surgery feels variable kinds of fear or anxiety; an uncomfortable mood state that happens without specific object affects patient's satisfaction before and after the surgery. As music therapy is rather noninvasive method generally used in reducing patient's anxiety, the authors researched about the extent of anxiety with the change of vital sign before the operation while comparing with the cases of patients who took the music therapy at closed reduction under general anesthesia. Method: We divided the patients in 4 groups; A with the premedication (Midazolam, Dormicum$^{(R)}$) before the operation, B with the premedication and music therapy, C with only music therapy, D with no premedication or therapy. And we measured the vital signs after the arrival at the operation room, after induction and 20 minutes after the operation. Also we observed the changes of anxiety index with the STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory)-K (Korea)YZ 1 hour before and 8 hours after the surgery. Result: The group B showed the least changes in blood pressure as the group D showed the highest change. Both group C and A showed increase in blood pressure but the upswing in group A was lower than group C. At the change of pulse rate group B showed the lowest upswing also group D showing the highest. Group B showed quite a few upswing but lower than group D, but, at the same time, group A showed lower upswing when comparing two cases. After analysis of STAI-KYZ score, the anxiety relatively decreased in group B and C in comparison with group D. And the index of anxiety state of group A showed just as much to group D. Conclusion: The music therapy is better healthcare method compared to other therapies in reducing anxiety also with satisfying effect who underwent operation. The authors recommend music therapy assisted with use of premedication for better relief of anxiety.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.177-189
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Resource Mindfulness on participants' emotional state, focusing on anxiety and stress reduction and to explore the importance of psychological resources in this process. The effectiveness of Resource Mindfulness was investigated through both quantitative and qualitative analyses, examining its influence on subjective distress, mindfulness, core emotions, and identification of personal resources. Methods: This study involved 27 participants, including Korean medicine students, psychological counselors, clinical psychologists, and Korean medicine specialists, who attended a 2-night, 3-day M&L psychological support education program from July 2 to July 4, 2022. Participants were informed of the study's purpose and procedures. They provided written consent. Quantitative measures included Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale (SUDS), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and Core Seven-Emotions Inventory Short Form (CSEI-s). Qualitative analysis was conducted using the "Drawing the Rooms of the Mind" technique. Pre- and post-program assessments were conducted to compare changes in subjective distress, mindfulness, and core emotions. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and qualitative content analysis methods. Results: Significant reductions in subjective distress and improvements in mindfulness components were observed. Core emotions showed significant decreases in negative emotions. Qualitative analysis revealed increased tranquility, relief, and confidence, with resourceful places often being nature-related. Conclusions: Resource Mindfulness effectively reduced anxiety and stress and enhanced self-awareness and self-efficacy. It is useful for managing various mental health issues. Further research is needed to generalize these findings.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.170-185
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• 2019

This study is intended to look into the structural relationship between SCM activity, process innovation and quality performance in small and medium sized enterprisers(SMEs). To achieve this, a survey was empirically carried out to 354 SCM operating officers and managers who perform the SCM activities in small and medium sized manufacturing firms. The results are summarized as follows. Overall, the SCM activity and process innovation had a significant effect on the quality performance, having a structural relationship with the quality performance in SEMs. This implies that the strategic alliance of the SCM activities and competence concentration based on technology development in SEMs can organize the unity through organizational members' information sharing. In other words, when the information integration supports the compatibility and reliability of shared information system by raising technological competence through this, the process innovation can lead to non-financial cost reduction, product quality, delivery compliance and inventory cost reduction as quality performance of the structured process, management and distribution.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.166-171
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• 2004

Recent developments in Bridge Management Systems (BMS) and in Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) of bridges, have raised the need for evaluation procedure of future condition (Deterioration) of a bridge. Predicting future deterioration is not an easy task due to limited past data to extrapolate from and also due to difficulty in measuring actual deterioration such as section loss of steel on an actual steel bridge. Also, increase in live load and reduction of resistance are random variables, thus a probabilistic approach should be adopted for determining the future deterioration. Due to difficulties in evaluation of future deterioration on steel bridges, accepting uncertainties within a reasonable error, a deterministic procedure using bridge condition rating can be a useful tool for projection of future condition of bridges to identify repair and maintenance needs. The object of this paper is to determine applicability of evaluating deterioration of steel bridge components based on Bridge condition ratings. Bridge condition ratings of bridge components show wide variation for bridges of same age and does not directly correlate well with the age of the bridge and/or deterioration of the bridge. High uncertainty can be reduced by breaking down the rating and by sensitivity analysis. From refined condition rating data, generalized deterioration profile of structures based on age can be derived. Examples are shown for sample bridges in USA. Approximately, 3,000 short to medium span steel bridges were listed in the inventory database. Results show wide variation of rating factors but by subdividing the Bridge condition ratings for various categories general deterioration profiles of steel bridges can be determined.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.812-824
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• 2021

In order to reduce risks from the Steam Generator Tube Rupture (SGTR) accident and to meet safety targets, various measures have been analyzed to minimize the amount of fission product (FP) release. In this paper, we propose an introduction of a Containment Filtered Venting System (CFVS) connected to the steam generator secondary side, which can reduce the amount of FP release while minimizing adverse effects identified in the previous studies. In order to compare the effect of new equipment with the existing strategy, accident simulations using MELCOR were performed. As a result of simulations, it is confirmed that CFVS operation lowers FP release into the environment, and the release fractions are lower (minimum 0.6% of the initial inventory for Cs) than that of the strategy which intends to depressurize the primary system directly (minimum 15.2% for Cs). The sensitivity analyses identify that refill of the CFVS vessel is a dominant contributor reducing the amount of FP released. As the new strategy has the possibility of hydrogen combustion and detonation in CFVS, the installation of an igniter inside the CFVS vessel may be considered in reducing such hydrogen risk.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.159-168
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music therapy on state anxiety and pain among patients undergoing burn dressing changes. Method: A convenience sample of 32 adult burn patients who were eligible and provided consent were included in the study which was a quasi-experimental study of a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Fifteen patients in the control group received the routine burn dressing changes but 17 patients in the experimental group listened to self-selected music through headphones connected to a CD player during burn dressing changes for three days. All subjects of the music group chose the type of music that would relax them. Before and after burn dressing changes, subjects completed the State Anxiety Inventory and self-report of pain scores. Result: There was a significant reduction in state anxiety before and after burn dressing changes in those who received music therapy in contrast to those who did not receive music therapy. The music group reported lower pain scores before and after burn dressing changes than did the non-music group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that music therapy composed of self-selected music is a valuable intervention for the treatment of pain and anxiety in patients undergoing burn dressing changes.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.367-376
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• 2013

This study investigated mixing scenarios of the low and high conversion ratios (CRs) of fast reactors (FRs). The fuel cycle was modeled so as to minimize the spent fuel (SF) or transuranics (TRU) inventories. The scenarios were modeled for a single low CR of 0.61 and a high CR of 1.0. The study also investigated the mixing scenario of low-high CR and/or high-low CR. The SF and TRU inventories, associated with different scenarios, were compared to those of the light water reactor (LWR) once-through (OT) case. Also, the important isotope concentration and long-term heat (LTH) load were calculated and compared to those of the OT cycle. As a result, it is known that the deployment of FRs of low CR burns more TRU and results in a reduction of the out-of-pile TRU inventory and LTH with low deployment capacity. This study shows that the mixing strategy of FRs of low and high CR can reduce the SF and TRU inventories with lower deployment capacity as compared with a single deployment of FRs of high CR.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2014

Objective : The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship among job stress, depression, and suicidal ideation in firefighters, particularly the mediating effects of depression. Methods : The subjects were 2,136 firefighters in Gangwon-do, who completed the short form of Korean occupational stress scale (KOSS-SF), Korean version of the Beck depression inventory (K-BDI), and the revised scale for suicide ideation (SSI) online in mental health promotion service of firefighters. The data was analyzed with correlation analysis among the variables, and the multiple regression analysis method of Bar-on and Kenny (1986) was used. Results : Job stress showed positive correlations with depression (r=0.493, p <0.01) and suicidal ideation (r=0.296, p<0.01). Depression showed a positive correlation with suicidal ideation (r=0.561, p<0.01). The result of analyzing the mediating effect of depression showed that depression was a full mediator variable between job stress and suicidal ideation. Conclusion : Based on the results, it is very likely that job stress may affect suicidal ideation via depression. These results suggested that the preventive interventions emphasized on depression may be helpful for reduction of suicide in firefighters.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.4 s.175
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• pp.811-823
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• 2000

In design and manufacturing airframe structures which are composed of a lot of sub-assemblies and large complex profile shapes it is difficult to reduce so called hardware variations. Accordingly cost increasing factors for manufacturing airframe parts are much more than other machine parts because of the variability of fabricated details and assemlies. To improve cost and quality, accurate assembly methods and DPD techniques are proposed in this paper which are based upon using CAD/CAM techniques, the concept of KC's and the coordinated datum and index throughout the design, tooling, manufacturing and inspection. The proposed methods are applied to produce fuselage frame assemblies and related engineering aspects are described regarding the design of parts and tools in the context of concurrent digital definition. First articles and consequent mass production of frame assemblies shows a great improvement of the process capability ratio from 0.7 by the past processes to 1.0 by the proposed methods in addition to the cost reduction due to the less number of tools, reduced total assembly times and the space compaction needed by massive inventory. The need to achieve better Cpk, however, and future studies to be investigated will be addressed briefly.