• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 1983

2년간에 걸쳐 조사한 대두의 수량감소는 갈색무늬병을 접종한 경우 농약 살포구에 비해 $15.7-16.4\%$ 감소 차였으며 자연감염의 경우에는 $8.2-9.2\%$의 감소를 나타냈다. 갈색무늬병의 감염은 초장, 주당절수(株當節數), 주당분지수(分枝數)에는 큰 영향이 없었으나 주당협수(狹數)와 종실중(種實重)에는 현저한 감소 현상을 보였다. 대두의 수량감소율을 갈색무늬병의 이병율과 정(正)의 상관을 보였으며 그 상관도는 Van der Plank's infection rate (0.156) 보다는 병 진전국선면적(AUBC) 과의 상관도가 높았다$(r=0.388^*)$. 병진전곡선 면적으로 표시된 갈색무늬병의 감염율과 대두수량 감소율과의 관계는 y=4.38+0.5X $(r=0.686^{**},\;df=25)$으로 나타났다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.139-158
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• 2017

CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality Model) simulations were carried out to estimate the potential range of contributions on surface $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations over the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) with the gaseous precursors and Primary Particulate Matters(PPM) available from a recent national emissions inventory. In detail, on top of a base simulation utilizing the 2013 Clean Air Policy Supporting System (CAPSS) emission inventory, a set of Brute Force Method (BFM) simulations after reducing anthropogenic $NO_x$, $SO_2$, $NH_3$, VOCs, and PPM emissions released from area, mobile, and point sources in SMA by 50% were performed in turn. Modeling results show that zero-out contributions(ZOC) of $NH_3$ and PPM emissions from SMA are as high as $4{\sim}5{\mu}g/m^3$ over the region during the modeling period. On the contrary, ZOC of local $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ emissions to SMA $PM_{2.5}$ are less than $1{\mu}g/m^3$. Moreover, model analyses indicate that a wintertime $NO_x$ reduction at least up to 50% increases SMA $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations, probably due to increased HNO3 formation and conversion to aerosols under more abundant ozone and radical conditions after the $NO_x$ reduction. However, a nation-wide $NO_x$ reduction decreased SMA $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations even during winter, which implies that nation-wide reductions would be more effective to curtail SMA $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations than localized efforts.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.356-360
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• 2006

Recently, for the purpose of improving the isolation performance of impact noise, many resilient materials have been installed in a residential building. As one of the reduction method for improving the performance of light-weight impact noise, this study is focused on the load condition of floating layer over resilient material. We studied the correlation between the mass or load of the floating layer and the reduction of light-weight impact noise by experiments in reverberation chamber for testing the impact noise. The results show that the reduction of impact noise is improved by increasing the mass per unit area of floating layer until about $140kg/m^2$. But the reduction is not obvious by adding extra mass on the floating layer.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.99-128
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• 2018

국내에서 주곡인 쌀은 재배 면적이 감소되고 있으나, 단위 면적당 생산량이 증가되고 쌀 소비는 급감하고 있는 상황에서 외국 쌀 의무수입량은 연간 409천 톤으로 쌀 생산조정 노력에도 불구하고 재고량이 누적되고 있다. 따라서 비상 시 식량안보를 위하여 현 재배면적을 유지하면서 생산량을 감축해야 할 필요성이 있다. 또한 농촌노동력의 노령화 및 지구온난화에 대응하여 노동력 절감과 생산비를 절감으로 농가 소득을 증대하고 친환경 유기농업으로 토양에 유기탄소의 저장력을 높이며, 온실가스 발생량을 줄이는 저탄소 농업기술을 개발, 지속가능한 농업환경을 조성하여 후손에게 물려주어야 할 책무가 있다. 쌀 수급안정에 대한 대안으로서 현 재배면적을 유지하면서 전국의 친환경재배 면적을 현재의 전남 수준인 17%까지 확대하는 1단계, 점차 확산하여 25%까지 확대하는 2단계, 중점확대로 친환경 면적을 35%까지 확대하는 3단계 시나리오를 설정하였다. 쌀 단가를 동일한 고정단가로 분석한 결과 1단계에서는 쌀 생산량은 6만톤 감축되고 생산비는 592억원 증가되며, 소득은 2,015억원 감소될 것으로 추정되었다. 2단계로 친환경농업을 점차 확산할 경우 쌀 생산량은 9만 톤 감축되고, 생산비는 1,221억원 증가되며, 소득은 3,137억원 감소될 것으로 추정되었다. 그리고 3단계에서는 쌀 생산량이 38만 톤 감축되고, 생산비는 2,220억원 증가되며, 소득은 4,645억원 감소될 것으로 추정되었다. 그리고 변동단가를 적용하면 친환경재배는 관행 일반재배에 비하여 소득은 11.5~14.5% 증가되며, 순소득은 -2.9~27.8% 증가되는 효과가 있다. 그리고 저탄소 벼 부분경운 동시 이앙 시범재배 단지 10 ha 조성 시나리오를 설정하여 분석한 결과, 단지별로 쌀 수량은 1.3~1.5톤이 감소되지만 쌀 생산비 감소로 농가소득은 증가되는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 생산조정 면적 8만 ha를 시행하는데 소요되는 정부 재정지출 예산을 감안하면 정부재정 범위 내에서 친환경 및 저탄소 농업 확대에 일정부분 지원이 가능할 것으로 생각되었다. 현재의 쌀 재고량 감축을 위한 재고관리에 일정한 한계가 있는 상황에서, 친환경 및 저탄소 농업으로 인한 생산비 증가나 소득감소를 재정적으로 뒷받침해 타작목에 영향을 최소화하면서 지속가능한 농업 환경 보전은 물론 식량안보와 소비자의 안전에도 기여하는 등, 친환경과 저탄소농업 확대는 적은 비용으로 큰 효과를 거둘 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2009

Purpose: Several methods of the nipple reduction have been reported. However, the methods described previously are difficult or have some demerits. This study proposes a simple technique for reduction of the nipple height as well as diameter. Methods: The purposed nipple height is marked. A pentahedral design of excision was marked around the nipple. Local anesthetic solution was infiltrated and a 4 - 0 Nylon traction suture was applied at the nipple apex. Excision of the nipple inside both two triangles and a rectangle was made. Remaining two flaps were approximated using 5 - 0 Nylon simple interrupted sutures. However, a part of wound closure was not done in the central area of the nipple. Results: 83 patients(166 nipples) underwent this procedure from December 1999 to December 2008. Follow up ranged from 6 months to 2 years with a mean of 10 months. 78 patients were female and 5 patients were male. No major complication occurred and remaining scars were very inconspicuous. Conclusion: This simple technique has the advantage of nipple reduction in both height and diameter, and provides good aesthetic outcomes.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.619-628
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• 2012

Noise reduction is an important issue in the field of image processing because image noise lowers the quality of the original pure image. The basic difficulty is that the noise and the signal are not easily distinguished. Simple smoothing is the most basic and important procedure to effectively remove the noise; however, the weakness is that the feature area is simultaneously blurred. In this research, we use ways to measure the degree of noise with respect to the degree of image features and propose a Bayesian noise reduction method based on MAP (maximum a posteriori). Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive noise reduction algorithm using Bayesian MAP provides good performance regardless of the level of noise variance.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.394-399
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• 2015

Because flow uniformity affects the life cycle and performance of the catalyst, it is an important design factor for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. We examined how the diffuser angle and the area ratio of the inlet of the SCR reactor to the front of the catalyst affect flow uniformity. For the numerical analysis, we used STAR-CCM+, a common CFD software program. Analysis results showed that the larger the area ratio was, the less the flow uniformity was, and that the longer the diffuser length was, the greater the flow uniformity was. When the area ratio was greater than 1:5, the flow uniformity appeared very similar at the front of the catalyst. As a result, the spread time of the exhaust gas increased and the flow velocity decreased.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2009

This study aims to analyze the current situation of and issues in the structure of urban neighborhood parks and park facility installation in cities in Gyeonggi-do. Then, based on its findings, plans to improve the space structure of the parks were examined and suggested to raise the city environment improvement function and green area base function of urban parks and fully satisfy users' needs for pleasant rest, recreation and cultural activities. The findings showed that, within parks, the area of grass where access was restricted reached about 24.4% in average. In other words, only 75.6% of total park area could be freely used by park visitors. As for an improvement plan, the grass area where access is limited may be converted into a gras area that can be freely used to raise the park use area, which currently stands only at 75.6%, to 100%. The result of cross analysis through Chi-Square Test regarding lawn use as well as regarding (dis)agreement with reduction of lawn, based on the investigation of cognition, showed a significant agreement of park users with reduction of green areas. Therefore it is considered that lawn space must be reduced according the result of the analysis, to set up plans for facility space that would meet the desires of users. The analysis of user behaviors revealed that many of them used square spaces and walks; therefore it is considered that re-structuring of space is necessary according to local characteristics. This study also made some policy suggestion. urban parks must be a base of city green areas to counter climate changes. When developing a park creation plan, a user demand survey must be conducted in advance. In addition. grass construction methods should be improved to tolerate foot pressure.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2013

Among various Green Infrastructure measures for urban stormwater management, effects of porous pavement were quantitatively examined in terms of hydrological cycle. Different scenarios for porous pavement were introduced on a SWMM model and the effects were compared and analysed using discharge hydrographs. Two types of pavements having different runoff coefficients (0.05 & 0.5) were introduced to cover different ratio of entire road areas (100 %, 77.5 % and 40.4 %) and these made up in total 6 different scenarios. Total runoff volume was reduced and peak flow was significantly decreased by applying the porous pavement. The highest reduction for total runoff was shown from S-6(covering area: 100 %, runoff coefficient: 0.05) as 19 % followed by S-5(covering area: 77.5 %, runoff coefficient: 0.05, 16 %), while that of S-2(covering area: 40.4 %, runoff coefficient: 0.05) and S-1(covering area: 40.4 %, runoff coefficient: 0.5) were the lowest with 8 % and 5 %. This proved that the application of porous pavement would improve urban hydrological cycle.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of circuit weight training and aerobic exercise on the bodily formation and abdominal fat area of obese female college students. Methods : The female college students whose BMI is over $25kg/m^2$ were divided into the circuit weight training group and the aerobic exercise group and circuit weight training and aerobic exercise were conducted on the respective group five times a week. Resultlts : 1. The tendency of statistically significant reduction in weight, body fat percentage, and BMI was shown in both the circuit weight training group and the aerobic exercise group but there were no significant differences between these groups. 2. The tendency of statistically significant reduction in total abdominal fat area, and subcutaneous fat area was shown in both the circuit weight training group and the aerobic exercise group but there were no significant differences between these groups. 3. Visceral fat area was reduced more in the aerobic exercise group than in the circuit weight training group Conclusion : It was confirmed that exercise alone in the state of no dietary treatment being given could cause obese people bodily formation.