• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.845-873
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• 2008

This study estimates the VSL(value of a statistical life) as well as the WTP(willingness to pay) for mortality risk reduction using sample selection model with data on liver cancer examination which is associated with little possibility of multi-purpose(i.e. joint production) in averting behavior. The marginal benefits of mortality risk reduction are estimated by applying for household production function model with medical expense and the time required for medical examination of liver cancer. Individuals are more likely to take liver cancer test if they are male, older, higher educated, those with spouse, smoker, more income of household, and more anxious about their health. The costs of liver cancer examination are statistically significantly affected with expected signs by size of mortality risk reduction, sex, period of eduction, those with spouse, and household income. The marginal effect of mortality risk reduction owing to taking liver cancer examination is estimated at 321,097 won. The costs of liver cancer examination are increased by 905 won with more one year of education period and by 1,743 won with more one million won in household income. On liver cancer examination, male spends more 12,310 won than female and those with spouse pay more 7,969 won than those without spouse. Therefore the VSL from mortality risk reduction due to liver cancer examination is 321.10 million won at mean size of mortality risk reduction and mean cost of liver cancer examination. The results of sensitivity tests on costs and effects of liver cancer test shows that the VSLs are estimated in a range from 160.55 million won to 642.19 million won.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.700-706
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• 2010

Carbon costs, either in the form of a carbon tax or through permit prices in an emissions trading scheme, would ultimately be reflected in higher electricity prices. This price "pass-through" is very critical to the effective design of new policies to curb the amount of carbon emissions. This paper sets out in a structured way the factors that determine price pass-through and how carbon costs would impact on the electricity market and the existing coal-fired power plants. It is shown that pass-through can vary drastically if the underlying dispatch potential of generators varies significantly across alternative emissions reduction scenarios. It can also vary depending on the availability of competing cleaner forms of generation. Pass-through as a measure of business performance is therefore hard to generalize across different circumstances and should be interpreted carefully.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.97-105
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• 2011

Previous researches have focused on the efficiency of project execution and the satisfaction of internal customers In view of the fact that a project is successful if any defects are not found in the short-term performance test of the project final outcome. To execute a project that both internal customer and external customer are satisfied in terms of longer-term benefit perspective, the project claim costs (PCC) which may occur for the warranty period of the project final outcome should be considered. We propose a model included PCC to the linear programming between time and cost to expedite a project and perform the validity test by applying the model to an example project. This model and related procedure will contribute to overall project activities' cost reduction by taking preventive actions for PCC.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.75-80
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• 2014

The small wind turbines has the merits of setting up with low costs by individuals, and get the energy saving effects that, it has the secured, separate markets from the big range systems, and the developing of it is continuously proceeding. The objective of this paper is to provide the design characteristics analysis of a permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG) skewed for magnet of rotor, the main advantage to be explored with the use of a split core design is the reduction in manufacturing costs and its simplicity in manufacture, compared to the manufacturing costs of a core skew PM machine. This thesis is aiming mainly analyzing the characteristics of the prototype to verify through Finite Element Method(FEM) and tests.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.46-53
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• 2020

The domestic construction industry is becoming larger, high-rise and specialized. However, safety consciousness is still staying in low levels and falling accidents are apt to rise compared to other industries. So, the new way of safety management is required for reducing of the construction falling accidents. In this paper, we evaluate appropriateness of safety management on construction sites utilizing USN using smart safery equipment. Thus, we calculate loss costs of falling accidents considering accident rates and costs of the USN using smart safery equipment installation then compare both calculated costs. This research aims to propose the method for reduction of construction accidents in addition to conventional safety control methods by analyzing the propriety of applying USN using smart safery equipment on construction sites.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.49-64
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• 2000

A vendor supplies a product to a sole/major buyer on a lot-for-lot basis under deterministic inventory control conditions. The basic premise is that the setup cost reduction technologies are available to both the buyer and the vendor, and that the vendor's inventory and setup reduction investment costs differ from the buyer's. Therefore, an individually designed ordering and setup cost reduction policy will likely cause mismatches between the vendor's and the buyer's optimal cycle times. For this situation, we show that a joint optimal setup cost reduction and ordering policy, together with an appropriate side payment(quantity discount or premium price) schedule, can be designed in a spirit in a spirit of coordination to eliminate mismatches in individual optimal cycle times.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.43-56
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• 2016

The research aims to help merchant acquiring institutions gain a better insight on what merchant establishments in the Singapore market perceive of the costs they incur due to credit card acceptance. The research attempts to study the Singapore market and establish if increased credit card usage does increase costs for the merchant establishments that accept credit cards, this will help to acquire institutions in Singapore have a better understanding of merchant perceptions and what drives or deters credit card acceptance in the Singapore market. The survey was based on an interview of merchant establishments and the views of the merchants and was not based on their financial data. As a first step, the variables used in the survey were tested for interdependence using Chi-square tests; subsequently data reduction using factor analysis was performed and finally linear regression to establish a relation between dependent and independent variables. Merchant establishment believe accepting credit cards and increasing volume is costlier compared to another form of payment, but have mixed awareness about interchange fee. It also indicated that interchange fee and cardholder benefits are independent of the merchant establishments. The study only broadly attempts to gauge merchants view if increased credit card usage has increased costs for them.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.345-377
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• 2013

Government agencies have many difficulties for the information system development and operation. One of the difficulties is a budget estimation. Each government agency suggests individually different estimation for the personnel expenses and IT infrastructure adoption costs in the same field of informatization promotions. The other one is the operation costs are increased exponentially in every year[42, 51]. Those difficulties make government agencies can not help adopting SaaS. In fact, most of IT consulting company and government agencies already recognized a variety of SaaS advantages. The most typical SaaS's advantages are cost reduction, Software rapid development and deployment. However, once government agencies decide to adopt SaaS, they can not avoid many problems and difficulties. There is no information in a detailed item in a budget. In those kinds of situation, there is no choice whether government agencies accept SaaS provider's suggesting adoption costs or not. Thus, we provide a sheet of SaaS adoption cost estimation to government agencies. To know the cost factors, this study uses TCO(Total Cost of Ownership)'s criteria. To give a management point, this study uses Gartner's Application development Life Cycle. In this study, the integration check framework which is SaaS adoption cost estimation makes government agencies possible to establish a adequate budget.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.273-283
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• 2014

Imported and exported agricultural products are facing a very difficult time due to the rising distribution costs spurred by the increasing labor and oil prices. High empty transfer rates, which take place on a return route after the regular transportation of imported and exported agricultural products, are especially a major cause of the rising distribution costs. In an effort to overcome those limitations, this study set out to examine the transportation stages connecting harbor warehouses, processing plants, and central distribution centers on the circulation route of such imported grains as wheat, barley, corn, and soybean and the transportation route from the warehouses devoted to exported agricultural products to harbors for such exported agricultural products as apple, pear, and persimmon in order to develop a model on the creation of a compound logistics complex for processing plants and transshipment of imported and exported agricultural products. The study also promoted the logistic rationalization of imported and exported agricultural products by creating a compound logistics complex that would combine processing plants for imported agricultural products and transshipment functions for exported agricultural products.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.157-161
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• 2005

In the FY 2003, the number of registered vehicles in Korea reached 14 million, which is 7.7% increase from the previous year. The increase of number of vehicles has caused a lot of social problem with enormous costs. The social costs related to the vehicles includes environmental costs resulting from pollution and scraping of vehicles, those resulting from life-saving and repairing from car accidents and so on. There have been m any efforts to reduce the social costs in m any areas. As a part of the efforts, there are recent grow ing interests on the damageability & repairability in related industries. In this study, we investigated the cases of two different types of bum per stay. Futhermore, we analyzed their effects on damageability & repairability and reduction of repair cost. So we found that if the manufacturers design new cars with good damageability & repairability, then the total repair cost in crash will be reduced.