• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2013

This study was to investigate the effect of addition levels of odor reducing contents on reducing the concentration of odorous compounds. Slurry treatments included three levels mixture of horseradish powder (HP), mushroom waste (MW) and probiotics powder (PP), and non-treatment control (n=4 each group). Levels of odorous compounds were measured from the liquid slurry incubated in room temperature ($20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$) for 2 wk in chamber whose structure is similar to slurry pit. Concentration of phenols and indoles was lower (p<0.05) in level 1, which was mixed HP 0.01%, MW 0.4% and PP 0.004% (98.69, 1.87 ppm) compared to control. Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and branched chain fatty acid (BCFA) was lowest (p<0.05) level 1 (6,557, 1675 ppm). Taken together, lower level are effective in reducing odorous compounds in pig slurry.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2000

Previously two papers dealing with YoungSu(against the meridian course and following the course of the meridian) Acupuncture were published by our group. Here we are reporting the further analysis of YoungSu and WonBang(by twisting and rotating the needle) acupuncture methods. It is very important to understand objectively the Qi variation induced by the reinforcing-reducing manipulation method in the acupuncture therapy. We decided the medical treatment by utilizing the PyongChi Method (a kind of method to figure out the way of treatment by observing the unbalanced state of five phases). The Qi variation in the meridian treated by YoungSu and WonBang, the recovery of five phases deviation were measured by choosing single acupoint instead of complex acupoints. By using Youngsu and WonBang, we increased or decreased the Qi of the phase which caused the unbalanced state. We observed whether the Qi of the treated meridian can be increased and if the state of unbalance can be recovered. To achieve the effect of reinforcing-reducing, we needed a correct choice of treating method and a selection of a proper meridian in advance. This study was carried out by adding another way of acupuncture from the previous paper. We discovered that the effects of reinforcing-reducing by each manipulation method could be superposed each other when two counteracting Youngsu and WonBang methods were treated at the left and the right side of human body which was correspondent with our previous paper. We found that the Qi variation of the treated meridian, which was induced by Youngsu and WonBang, was linearly proportional to the reduction of five phase deviations. The slope of Qi variation was almost similar (y = -0.413x - 0.138) as that of previous paper (y = -0.266x - 0.038, Y = -0.446x - 0.079). It is assumed that the addition of other basic methods on the top of reinforcing-reducing manipulation method would magnify the effect of acupuncture.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of indirect moxibustion treatment for HIVD patients. Methods : From March 2010 to December 2010, 32 HIVD patients who admitted to Semyung oriental medical hospital were divided into two groups. Group I was treated by indirect moxibustion and general acupuncture, group II by general acupuncture. We evaluated the treatment effect of each group with the visual analog scale(VAS) and Oswestry disability index(ODI) by dividing three period(from admission day to third day after admission, from third day to sixth day after admission and from sixth day to ninth day after admission). Results : 1. Group I was more effective than group II in VAS score reducing rate at sixth day after admission and ninth day after admission but there was no statistical significance between two groups at third day after admission 2. Group I was more effective than group II in VAS improvement rate from third day to sixth day after admission but there was no statistical significance between two groups from admission day to third day after admission and sixth day to ninth day after admission. 3. Group I was more effective than group II in ODI score reducing rate at sixth day after admission and ninth day after admission but there was no statistical significance between two groups at third day after admission. 4. In ODI improvement rate group I was higher than group II, but there was no statistical significance. Conclusions : Through this research, Indirect moxibustion treatment is considered to be effective reducing pain for HIVD(Herniated intervertebral disc) patients.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.2004-2011
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• 2013

오징어와 문어의 첨가량을 달리하여 김치를 제조한 후 $4^{\circ}C$에서 56일간 발효시키면서 pH, 산도, 환원당, 휘발성 염기태질소 함량 및 젖산균수의 변화를 측정하였다. pH와 산도는 담근 초기에는 오징어와 문어의 첨가량이 많을수록 pH는 증가하고 산도는 낮은 결과를 보였으나 발효 42일째부터는 오징어와 문어의 첨가량이 높은 처리구의 산도가 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 환원당 함량에서는 오징어와 문어의 첨가량이 높을수록 낮았으며, 발효가 진행됨에 따라 모든 처리군의 환원당 함량은 감소하였다. 휘발성 염기태질소는 김치의 저장기간이 경과함에 염기질소 함량이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고 오징어와 문어의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 그 수치가 유의적으로 증가하였다. Leuconostoc sp.와 Lactobacillus sp. 등의 젖산균수는 오징어를 첨가한 김치에서는 오징어의 첨가에 따라서 젖산균의 초기 생성시기를 늦추는 작용을 하였으나 문어를 첨가한 김치에서는 문어의 첨가량이 높은 처리구에서 초기 젖산균수가 급속하게 증가하여 발효후반 김치의 산도에 영향을 준 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 본 연구결과는 오징어와 문어를 첨가한 배추김치를 상품화연구의 기초 자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 보이고, 수산물김치가 대중화가 되기 위해서 김치에 첨가되는 수산물의 전처리에 대한 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2007

Ascorbic acid has been reported to extend replicative life span of human embryonic fibroblast (HEF). Since the detailed molecular mechanism of this phenomenon has not been investigated, we attempted to elucidate. Continuous treatment of HEF cells with ascorbic acid at ($200{\mu}M$) from 40 population doubling (PD) increased maximum PD numbers by 18% and lowered $SA-{\beta}-gal$ positive staining, an aging marker, by 2.3 folds, indicating that ascorbic acid extends replicative life span of HEF cells. Ascorbic acid treatment lowered DCFH by about 7 folds and Rho123 by about 70%, suggesting that ascorbic acid dramatically decreased ROS formation. Ascorbic acid also increased aconitase activity, a marker of mitochondrial aging, by 41%, indicating that ascorbic acid treatment restores age-related decline of mitochondrial function. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry revealed that ascorbic acid treatment decreased G1 population up to 12%. Further western blot analysis showed that ascorbic acid treatment decreased levels of p53, phospho-p53 at ser 15, and p21, indicating that ascorbic acid relieved senescence-related G1 arrest. Analysis of AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) sites showed that ascorbic acid treatment decreased AP site formation by 35%. We also tested the effect of hydrogen peroxide treatment, as an additional oxidative stress. Continuous treatment of $20{\mu}M$ of hydrogen peroxide from PD 40 of HEF cells resulted in premature senescence due to increased ROS level, and increased AP sites. Taken together, the results suggest that ascorbic acid extends replicative life span of HEF cells by reducing mitochondrial and DNA damages through lowering cellular ROS.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.395-407
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• 2007

Disinfection by-products(DBPs) are formed through the reaction between chlorine and natural organic matter(NOM) in water treatment. For reducing the formation of chlorinated DBPs in the drinking water treatment, there is a need to evaluate the behavior of NOM fractions and the occurrence of DBPs for each fraction. Among the six fractions of NOM, the removal of HPOA and HPIN got accomplished through coagulation and sedimentation processes. Advanced water treatment processes were found to be most significant to remove the HPOA and HPON. It was found that HPOA made the most THMFP level than any other fractions and HPIA and HPOA formed higher HAAFP. The fraction of NOM with MW less than 1k Da was 32.5~54.3% in intake raw water. Mostly the organic matter with MW more than 1k Da was removed through coagulation and sedimentation in the drinking water treatment processes. In case of advanced water treatment processes, the organic matter with MW 1k~100k Da decreased by means of ozone oxidation for high molecular weight substances. As the result low molecular organic matter increased. In the BAC and GAC processes, the organic matter with MW less than 100k Da decreased.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Korean medicine treatment on a patient with brachial plexus injury. Methods : The patient with symptoms of pain and dysesthesia on right forearm and hand was treated with acupuncture treatment, herbal medicine, moxibustion and physical treatment. Improvement of the patient's symptoms was evaluated by Hepatic dullness sound, NRS, VAS, SF-36 bodily pain, grip strength. Results : After 42 days of treatment, NRS score significantly decreased. VAS score, SF-36 bodily pain and grip strength showed moderate improvement. Conclusions : This results suggest that Korean medicine treatment may be effective in reducing the symptoms of brachial plexus injury.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2017

Due to the aging and obesity population in Korea, degenerative musculoskeletal diseases and people suffering from degenerative arthritis are increasing day by day. So, it is necessary to develop rehabilitation treatment device. Conventional high-frequency treatment devices have disadvantages in that therapeutic range is narrow, cost is high, image is adversely affected, treatment time is long, and failure rate is high. This paper proposes a customized therapy device that is stable and effective in reducing treatment time and output to target body part using 2MHz switching frequency, feedback control technique, and joint insulation flexible multipolar electrode. The device can be a new concept high-frequency stimulator to accommodate the advantages of CET and RET.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.119-123
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• 1998

The feasibility of using combined treatments of electric field and chemical mutagen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine (NTG) for the strain improvement of Saccharomyces sp. in ethanol production was examined. The treatment of electric field alone resulted in no effect on the lethality of yeast cells under the conditions of this study. However, when the electric field was applied together to the treatment of yeast cells with NTG, the electric field increased the lethal effect and auxotrophic mutation rate of NTG. The combined treatment of electric field and NTG also increased the chances of. obtaining superior yeast strains for the ethanol production from tapioca. A higher number of improved clones was obtained by the combined treatments of electric field and NTG than by the NTG treatment alone. The best clone, NF 30-9, which was also obtained by the combined treatment, produced $11.07\%$ (w/v) ethanol from tapioca slurry containing 25% (w/v) reducing sugar while the parental strain produced 9.77% (w/v).

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.344-347
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• 2003

Pure tantalum powder has been produced by combining Na as a reducing agent, $K_2$TaF$_{7}$ as feed material, KCl and KF as a diluent in a stainless steel (SUS) bomb, using the method of metallothermic reduction. And we examined various types of after-treatment that affect the high purification of powder. A significant amount of impurities contained in recovered powder was removed in various conditions of acid washing. In particular, 20% (HCl + HNO$_3$) was effective in removing heavy metal impurities such as Fe, Cr and Ni, 8% H$_2$SO$_4$ + 8% $Al_2$(SO$_4$)$_3$ in removing fluorides such as K and F from non-reactive feed material, and 2% $H_2O$$_2$ + 1 % HF in removing oxides that formed during reaction. Significant amounts of oxygen and part of light metal impurities could be removed through deoxidation and heat treatment process. On the other hand, because it is difficult to remove completely heavy metal impurities such as Fe, Cr, and Ni through acid washing or heat treatment process if their contents are too high, it is considered desirable to inhibit these impurities from being mixed during the reduction process as much as possible.