• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.628-634
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• 2015

The ground red pepper puree was treated with cellulase (C treatment), pectinase (P treatment), amylase (A treatment) and/or enzyme complex (CP, CA, PA and CPA treatment) for 2~8 hours to improve the yield and bioactivity of extracts. And physicochemical and sensory properties of red pepper extracts were evaluated. The extraction yield of the control was 38.84%, which was lower than those of the enzyme treatments. And extraction yields of enzyme complex treatments were higher than that of single enzyme treatments. Especially, extraction yield was increased to 74.37% by cellulase + pectinase + amylase complex treatment (CPA treatment). The soluble solid and reducing sugar contents were higher in the extracts treated with enzymes compared with the control. CA and CPA treatment showed the highest soluble solid and reducing sugar contents. No significant changes in lightness, redness and yellowness of the control and the samples by enzyme treatments were observed during 2~8 hours experiments. The sensory evaluation results revealed that panelists preferred the extracts with enzyme treatments to the control. Therefore, enzyme treatment for red pepper extracts is a good method to improve the yield and sensory properties.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1314-1317
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• 2011

To evaluate the effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) application on scalder and chiller water on Campylobacter contamination, four different treatments under three different water conditions including hard scalder water ($55^{\circ}C$), soft scalder water ($45^{\circ}C$) and chiller water, were applied as follows: i) a control treatment with no salt and no electric treatment, ii) a PEF only treatment, iii) a PEF treatment with 0.5% salt water, and iv) a PEF treatment with 1% salt water treatment. The use of PEF in hard scalding water showed an effect of reducing Campylobacter when compared to the control during the 200 s timeframe. With the addition of salt, the intervention caused at least 5.81 log CFU/ml reduction of Campylobacter counts after 200 s of PEF exposure. Similar effects were observed under soft scalding conditions. Campylobacter reductions were evident under chilling conditions with up to 2.00 log for PEF only, 5.77 log for PEF+0.5% salt and 2.69 log for PEF+1% salt treatment in water. Therefore, the current PEF setting for the scalder and chiller water can be successfully used to reduce pathogenic loads of Campylobacter on broiler chicken carcasses, and further research may be necessary to apply it in the poultry processing industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Forensic Engineering is the art and science of professionals qualified to serve as engineering experts in courts of law or in arbitration proceedings. Buses using compressed natural gas (CNG) trend to be extended in use internationally as optimal counterplan for reducing discharge gas of light oil due to high concern about environment. However, CNG buses is equipped with composite pressure vessels (CPVs); since the CPVs contain compressed natural gas, the risks in the case of accident is very high. In this study, the bursting test for the pressure vessel depending on the heat treatment conditions of the vessel in which the actual ruptured accident occurred, after the bursting test, the fracture pattern analysis had performed. The mechanical materials properties test using Instrumented Indentation Test had performed to confirm the mechanical properties for each heat treatment cases. Also, the fractography analysis and metallographic analysis had performed to find out the difference of each heat treatment case. By comparing normal vessel with abnormal vessel which have defect of heat treatment conditions in term of the bursting patterns and characteristics of containers using various forensic engineering methods, especially, it is possible to understand how important the heat treatment process is in the high pressure vessel unlike any product.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.197-207
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Korean medical treatment on 4 patients with acute traumatic meniscal tear, presenting severe knee pain and limitation of range of motion of the knee joint. Methods : 4 patients with acute traumatic meniscal tear had been treated with acupuncture, herbal treatment, moxibustion, and wet-cupping therapy. From administration to discharge, we recorded subjective pain by using a visual analogue scale and by measuring the range of motion of the knee joint once per week. Results : The visual analogue scale of knee pain of all 4 cases reduced to 0 after treatment. The range of motion of the knee joint also increased considerably after treatment. Conclusions : In this study, Korean medical treatment may have been effective in reducing knee pain and increasing the range of motion of the knee joint.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2008

In this paper, the effects of the external-rotation exercise on the gait of hemiplegia was investigated. 26 patients with hemiplegia due to cerebrovascular accident participated in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to experimental group(n=12) and control one(n=14). 12 subjects of the experimental group were received the external rotation reducing exercise on the mat with seating and supine posture after the general therapeutic exercise for hemiplegia. 14 subjects of the control group were received only general therapeutic exercise. The effects of external rotation reducing exercise were evaluated by measurements of gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length and foot angle using ink-foot prints. The collected data were analyzed statistically based on Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney and correlation analysis. After treatment of three weeks, it turned out that external rotation reducing exercise has the significant effect on foot angle(p<0.01). However the exercise has no statistically significant direct effect on the gait velocity, cadence, stride length and step length.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.101-112
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• 2008

Generally, we regard the concept of Guchim(九鍼) in "Naegyeong(內經)" as the a generic term of acupuncture means of nine kinds of forms and usages. However, it also contains the meaning of methods and transcriptures of acupuncture. The diversity of Guchim reflects that it has a high level diagnosis and treatment based on overall analysis of symptoms and signs. And among the treatments, reinforcing and reducing methods are prominent. The treatments of reinforcing and reducing methods, usually use Hochim(毫鍼), the filiform needle. The focus of Guchim, in reinforcing and reducing of Gi(氣), is reinforcing and reducing by way of drainage of Gi. And it mainly deals with diseases of Gi. From the research of the philosophic background of the number Nine in Chinese philosophy, number nine symbolizes the posterior and space, as number one symbolizes apriority and time. In this circumstances, Guchim became the supreme method of acupuncture. The concept of Gwanchim(官鍼), standardized needle in "Naegyeong" also expresses the Guchim as theory and skill in standardized traditional medicine. The period of materialization of Guchim and Gwanchim lies in from the era of Jeonguk[戰國時代, the age of civil wars] to Han dyansty[漢代], when the "Naegyeong" made a synthesis of the medicine in those days, as the society unified politically and ideologically. In this process, Guchim was sublimated in method of acupuncture which contained absolute authority.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2013

This study was to investigate the effect of addition levels of odor reducing contents on reducing the concentration of odorous compounds. Slurry treatments included three levels mixture of horseradish powder (HP), mushroom waste (MW) and probiotics powder (PP), and non-treatment control (n=4 each group). Levels of odorous compounds were measured from the liquid slurry incubated in room temperature ($20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$) for 2 wk in chamber whose structure is similar to slurry pit. Concentration of phenols and indoles was lower (p<0.05) in level 1, which was mixed HP 0.01%, MW 0.4% and PP 0.004% (98.69, 1.87 ppm) compared to control. Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and branched chain fatty acid (BCFA) was lowest (p<0.05) level 1 (6,557, 1675 ppm). Taken together, lower level are effective in reducing odorous compounds in pig slurry.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2000

Previously two papers dealing with YoungSu(against the meridian course and following the course of the meridian) Acupuncture were published by our group. Here we are reporting the further analysis of YoungSu and WonBang(by twisting and rotating the needle) acupuncture methods. It is very important to understand objectively the Qi variation induced by the reinforcing-reducing manipulation method in the acupuncture therapy. We decided the medical treatment by utilizing the PyongChi Method (a kind of method to figure out the way of treatment by observing the unbalanced state of five phases). The Qi variation in the meridian treated by YoungSu and WonBang, the recovery of five phases deviation were measured by choosing single acupoint instead of complex acupoints. By using Youngsu and WonBang, we increased or decreased the Qi of the phase which caused the unbalanced state. We observed whether the Qi of the treated meridian can be increased and if the state of unbalance can be recovered. To achieve the effect of reinforcing-reducing, we needed a correct choice of treating method and a selection of a proper meridian in advance. This study was carried out by adding another way of acupuncture from the previous paper. We discovered that the effects of reinforcing-reducing by each manipulation method could be superposed each other when two counteracting Youngsu and WonBang methods were treated at the left and the right side of human body which was correspondent with our previous paper. We found that the Qi variation of the treated meridian, which was induced by Youngsu and WonBang, was linearly proportional to the reduction of five phase deviations. The slope of Qi variation was almost similar (y = -0.413x - 0.138) as that of previous paper (y = -0.266x - 0.038, Y = -0.446x - 0.079). It is assumed that the addition of other basic methods on the top of reinforcing-reducing manipulation method would magnify the effect of acupuncture.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of indirect moxibustion treatment for HIVD patients. Methods : From March 2010 to December 2010, 32 HIVD patients who admitted to Semyung oriental medical hospital were divided into two groups. Group I was treated by indirect moxibustion and general acupuncture, group II by general acupuncture. We evaluated the treatment effect of each group with the visual analog scale(VAS) and Oswestry disability index(ODI) by dividing three period(from admission day to third day after admission, from third day to sixth day after admission and from sixth day to ninth day after admission). Results : 1. Group I was more effective than group II in VAS score reducing rate at sixth day after admission and ninth day after admission but there was no statistical significance between two groups at third day after admission 2. Group I was more effective than group II in VAS improvement rate from third day to sixth day after admission but there was no statistical significance between two groups from admission day to third day after admission and sixth day to ninth day after admission. 3. Group I was more effective than group II in ODI score reducing rate at sixth day after admission and ninth day after admission but there was no statistical significance between two groups at third day after admission. 4. In ODI improvement rate group I was higher than group II, but there was no statistical significance. Conclusions : Through this research, Indirect moxibustion treatment is considered to be effective reducing pain for HIVD(Herniated intervertebral disc) patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.2004-2011
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the chemical and microbiological properties of Kimchi containing different amounts of squid and octopus during fermentation at $4^{\circ}C$ for 56 days. Kimchi were assigned to one the of the following 7 treatment groups: CK (control Kimchi; no addition), SK-5 (added 5% of squid), SK-10 (added 10% of squid), SK-20 (added 20% of squid), OK-5 (added 5% of octopus), OK-10 (added 10% of octopus), and OK-20 (added 20% of octopus). The quality characteristics of CK and other treatments were determined by measuring the pH, titratable acidity, reducing sugar, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), and microbial analysis. During fermentation, Kimchi containing squid and octopus had higher pH and lower acidity values than the CK group (P<0.05). The titratable acidity was increased in all treatment groups, whereas the reducing sugar content decreased gradually during fermentation. The reducing sugar contents were highest in the CK group. The VBN value increased in all treatment groups with increasing storage period, and the CK group had lower VBN value than the other treatment groups containing squid and octopus. The numbers of total bacteria and lactic acid bacteria rapidly increased up to the second week, and this slowly increased thereafter.