• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2007

Purpose: The present study was done to examine the effect of music therapy on anxiety and pain in patients for whom a ureteral stent was inserted under local anesthesia. Method: The participants in this study were 22 patients who received a ureteral stent at the Day Surgery Center of C University Hospital during the period from May to October in 2006. The patients were divided into a control group (n=11) and an experimental group (n=11). For the experimental group, music was played according to their musical preference using headphones. The music was provided from the point when the patient took the posture for the operation and was covered with a sterilized drape to the point when the cystoscope was removed after finishing the operation. The control group was only provided with ordinary nursing services. Results: The results show that the provision of music therapy to these patients is effective in reducing the patients' salivary cortisol and Vas-anxiety score and stabilizing their systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: We conclude that music therapy can be actively used as a nursing intervention for reducing anxiety in patients who receive operations under local anesthesia.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.110-115
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• 2015

In this paper it is proposed to solve the problem of particulate matter reducing apparatus of the current DPF. One exhaust gas passage 2-way controlled to purify the exhaust gas generated during combustion efficiently. Through the control of the rotary valve within a single device, it is possible to prevent the exhaust pressure increases due to particulate matter accumulate inside the developing DPF. Develop DPF device capable of inducing a high efficiency of the output in order to improve the problem of reducing the engine output and fuel efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.463-467
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• 2003

The traveling system of wheel type excavator, that is applied to drive method by friction of transmission, has many problems about transmisson. It need to settle the problem which is occurred at wheel type excavator and to study continuously variable transmisson which is used with only travel motor. This paper base on mathmetical modeling for travel motor and travel motor of wheel type excavator is designed continuously variable transmisson system without transmisson by direct control method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 1999.04b
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• pp.227-231
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• 1999

Condebelt drying provides opportunities not only of improving the strength properties and saving of drying energy but also of reducing the basis weight or increasing the utilization of recycled furnishes. In this paper general overview of the Condebelt press drying will be described and the effects of the process variables in Condebelt press drying including drying temperature, pressure, drying time and moisture content of the sheets on the paper properties is discussed. The experiment was performed with a static rig and Korean OCC was used as a principal raw material. Significant improvement in sheet density, compression strength, tensile strength, surface smoothness, etc. was obtained when Condebelt drying was applied. Control of pressure and inlet dryness was found to be very critical in improving sheet properties. Mill experiences from Dong Il Paper Mfg. Co., Ltd is briefly described.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2004

The Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine has advantage for reducing the NOx and P.M. simultaneously. Therefore, HCCI engine is receiving attention as a low emission diesel engine concept. This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of combustion and exhaust emission for operating conditions in a direct injection type of HCCI engines such as supercharged and naturally aspirated using diesel fuel and additive. From the experimental result, we found that cool flame was always appeared and also it was difficult to control combustion characteristics by changing the injection timing in HCCI. In addition, at the lean air-fuel ratio and high speed range, it was observed that charging air pressure, additive or increasing intake air temperature is effective to increase combustion performance and reduce exhaust emission. We concluded that chemical reaction by the increasing intake air temperature or additive without physical improvement has limitation for reduction of exhaust emission.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.418-421
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• 2023

Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors (MLCCs) are essential passive components in the electronics industry, known for their high capacitance due to the multilayer structure comprising inner electrodes and dielectric layers. Nickel electrodes are commonly used in MLCCs as the inner electrodes, and to prevent oxidation during the co-firing of the dielectric layers with nickel electrodes, reducing atmosphere is required. However, reducing atmosphere sintering can also induce a reduction of the dielectric, necessitating precise control of oxygen partial pressure. To explore the possibility of using oxide electrodes that do not require reducing atmosphere sintering, we analyze the electrical properties of nickel oxide (NiO) as a potential candidate. As a preliminary study on its use as an alternative inner electrode, the correlation between microstructure and electrical properties of bulk NiO under different sintering conditions was investigated to gain insights into the conduction mechanisms of the material.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.833-839
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate sodium consumption and related psychosocial factors among hypertensive patients and normal adults through questionnaire development. The Theory of Planned Behavior provided the basis for the study. The mean blood pressure of subjects was 117. 1 mmHg/78.55mgHg in normal adults(N-218), 159.65mmHg/102.05mmHg(systolic/diastolic) in hypertensive group(N=219) and the sodium consumption was 5219.4${\pm}$1821.3mg in normal adults and 4631.4${\pm}$1749.1mg in hypertensive group. The results of Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of being hypetensive group were increasd as subjects felt that dalty food (OR=1.5) (OR=0.8). The odds of beign hypertensive group increased as subject received more support. With respect to perceived control, the odds of being hypertensive group were increased as subjects felt more confident in contolling salty intake when spouse likes to take salty food(OR=1.4). In contrast, subjects felt less confident in contolling sodium consumption when they took medicine(OR=0.8). Study findings revealed that all three factors, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control contributed to the model for explaining intentions, with subjective norms being most important. This findings provided the empirical evidence for the TPB in explaining salt intake. This study suggest that educational interventions for hypertension patients focus on changing sodium consumption through changing attitude toward high sodium consumption, subjective norms, perceived control over reducing sodium consumption of specific situations, specially subjective norms and perceived control. In addition, interventions may include strategies to change attitudes toward sodium consumption by helping hypertensive patients realize negative beliefs and modifying positive beliefs and to elicit and maintain subjective norm from doctors, family and neighbors, and to increase control beliefs for reducing sodium consumption.(Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 833-839, 2000)

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.2253-2260
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• 2020

Background: Patients with low back pain (LBP) experience misalignments in the center of pressure (COP) and muscle imbalances due to frequent onesided posture adjustments to avoid pain. Objectives: To identify the effects of Squat Exercises with Vertical Whole-Body Vibration on the Center of Pressure and Trunk Muscle Activity. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty LBP patients with an imbalance in the COP were sampled and randomly assigned to an experimental group of 15 patients who under went an intervention involving squat exercises with vertical WBV and a control group of 15 patients who were treated via a walking intervention. As pretests before the interventions, the subjects' COP was identified by measuring their stability index (ST), and erector spinae, rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis, gluteus medius muscle activity was analyzed by determining the % reference voluntary contraction (%RVC) value using surface electromyography while sit to stand. After four weeks, a post test was conducted to remeasure the same variables using the same methods. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the ST (P<.01) and trunk muscle (P<.05, P<.001) in the experimental group before and after the intervention. In terms of the differences between the left- and right-side (RL) muscle activity, only the transverse abdominis (TrA) and gluteus medius (GM) exhibited statistically significant increase (P<.05). A comparison of the groups showed statistically significant differences in the TrA with respect to muscle activity (P<.05) and in the RLTrA and RLGM in terms ofthe difference between left- and right-side muscle activity (P<.01). Conclusion: Squat exercises with vertical WBV produced effective changes in the COP of patients with LBP by reducing muscle imbalances through the delivery of a uniform force. In particular, strengthening the TrA and reducing an imbalance in the GM were determined to be important factors in improving the COP.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.126-136
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aroma hand massage on anxiety and immune function in patients who had gynecology surgery under local anesthesia. Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent control group with pre-and posttest design. Data were collected from June 5 to October 6, 2010. Participants included 20 patients in the aroma hand massage group, 20 patients in a hand massage group, and 20 in a control group. As an experimental treatment, hand massage was carried out following the hand massage protocol. Measures consisted of the State Trait Anxiety, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for anxiety, vital signs (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate), and salivary cortisol for anxiety, and immunoglobulin A for immune function. Results: Aroma hand massage and hand massage group showed lower levels in NRS for anxiety, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate (p<.001) compared to controls. No group differences were found for state anxiety, salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin A. Conclusion: The results indicate that aroma hand massage and hand massage are effective in reducing anxiety and can be complementary alternative interventions for women having gynecology surgery under local anesthesia.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to exam the effect of listening to preferred music on patients' anxiety, blood pressure, heart rate, and glucose levels during spinal anesthesia. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was used. The participants were divided into an experimental group (n=30) and a control group (n=30) undergoing lower leg operations using spinal anesthesia. The mean age was 35.1 years and the mean time of listening to the music was 71.33 minutes. The experimental group was provided with their preferred music selected by each of the participants; the control group was not provided with any music. Results: The state of anxiety was decreased significantly in the experimental group(F=4.14, p=.046). Anxiety (VAS) was also significantly lower in the experimental group (F=4.62, p=.036). Conclusion: The results of the study show that listening to preferred music is an effective method for reducing peri-operative anxiety for patients during spinal anesthesia.