• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2010

The purpose of the study was to apply and to expand the six sigma to reduce waiting times for computed tomography (CT) examination which manipulated by the department of radiology. It was preceded by DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control). In the stage of definition, it wereselected for total 5 critical to quality (CTQ), which were the kindness, the waiting time, the examination explanation, the waiting day and the waiting stand environment, that increased the reserved time of CT examination. In the stage of measurement, the number of examinations and of reservation waiting days performed and resulted in final CTQ(Y) which measured each 1.68 and 1.85 sigma. In the stage of analysis, the examination concentrated on morning time, non-scheduled examination of the day, the delayed time of booking, frequent telephone contacting and equipment malfunction were determined as variable key causes. In the stage of improvement, it were performed with expansion of the examination in the morning time, integration of laboratories that used to in each steps, developing the ability of simultaneous booking schedule for the multiple examinations, developing program of examination request, and the customer management team operations. For the control, the number of examinations and reserved waiting days were measured each 3.14 and 1.13 sigma.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.360-366
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• 2005

In the past, when there were few vehicles on the road, the T.O.D.(Time of Day) traffic signal worked very well. The T.O.D. signal operates on a preset signal cycling which cycles on the basis of the average number of average passenger cars in the memory device of an electric signal unit. Now days, with increasing many vehicles on restricted roads, the conventional traffic light creates startup-delay time and end-lag-time. The conventional traffic light loses the function of optimal cycle. And so, $30-45\%$ of conventional traffic cycle is not matched to the present traffic cycle. In this paper we proposes electro sensitive traffic light using fuzzy look up table method which will reduce the average vehicle waiting time and improve average vehicle speed. Computer simulation results prove that reducing the average vehicle waiting time which proposed considering passing vehicle length for optimal traffic cycle is better than fixed signal method which doesn't consider vehicle length.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.60-72
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• 1994

Background: The number of outpatients visiting large university teaching hospitals has increased drastically with the introduction of a nationwide health care insurance in 1989 and the improvement of the socio-economic status of the population. This resulted in long waiting times for services, particularly prescribed drugs, which have been patients' chief complaints. Hospitals have tried to solve the problem with limited success because their approach lacked comprehensive research. The objective of this study is to investigate associations between waiting times and variables defining a total work system. Methods: Data for the outpatient pharmacy department in a tertiary care university teaching hospital located in Seoul was analyzed to achieve the study objective. Associations of pharmacy system variables -- work load, work force, pharmacist work schedule, machine problems, and inventory control -- with mean and 99th percentile of waiting times were examined by the hierarchical stepwise regression method. Day was a unit of the analyses. Results: The regression models explained 65.8% of variance in the mean waiting time and 61.34% in the 99th percentile of waiting times. The break-down of the printer for drug envelops, Automatic Tablet Counters (ATCs), and main computer system lasted longer than 30 minutes increased the mean for 7.7 minutes, 4.5 minutes, and 7.0 minutes, respectively, and the 99th percentile for 14.8 minutes, 9.0 minutes, and 15.7 minutes, respectively. Concerning the work force, study results showed that there were significant differences in the productivity of pharmacists with work experience more than three years, one to three years, and less than one year, and showed that peak time aid work by pharmacists at job assignments other than the outpatient pharmacy, part-time pharmacists, and the installation of ATCs were effective in reducing waiting times, Finally, study findings indicated that the operational policy of work assignment and rotation schedule, supply and inventory of drugs at work tables, and readiness for undisrupted work during the work hours could have a significant effect on waiting times. Conclusion: The study results indicated that efforts to reduce waiting times for prescribed drugs should be geared toward every components of the pharmacy work system ranging from work schedule of pharmacists and supply of dugs at work tables. These findings should provide hospital managers with right directions in battling the problem.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.171-175
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• 2011

Server and Pi view management, external image and internal image Copy Import business in PACS room is through the medical assistance. Import and Copy, and in particular the number of cases is increasing the number of import is a fast growing trend. Although the increase in workload With limited human resources to increase business efficiency so Remote system is using PACS room. This remote system will want to evaluate the effectiveness of using the service. Amount of data each 437.5 MB, Copy and Import time is to compare and evaluate sees by use 1 PC. 4 PC, 4 PC+ remote system. The use of the remote system before the January 2010 to June daily average waiting time and the use of the remote system after the January 2011 to June compared to a daily average patient waiting time, evaluate. Using the remote system in January 2011 to June Find out the average remote utilization. The biggest difference on the four copy and eight continued, Were performed two times faster by use 4 PC+ remote system than use 4 PC and four times faster than use 1 PC. Before using the remote system, the daily average wait time is 14.5 minutes after using the daily average 10.2 minutes, waiting time 30% of the existing waiting time was 4.3 minutes, to reduce. Using the remote system in January 2011 to June the average daily number of cases is 107 number and The number of remote and on average 35 cases with 32% in a day remote usage. The use of the remote system to Import, CD Copy and greatly increase the efficiency of their time could be. Hours due to efficiency could also reduce customer waiting time. As a result, the manpower and the use of a remote system over time to maximize efficiency in business hours, work was evaluated by.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2016

Industry 4.0's goal is the 'Smart Factory' that integrates and controls production process, procurement, distribution and service based on the fundamental technology such as internet of the things, cyber physical system, sensor, etc. Basic requirement for successful promotion of this Industry 4.0 is the large supply of semiconductor. However, company I who produces dicing blades has difficulty to meet the increasing demand and has hard time to increase revenue because its raw material includes high price diamond, and requires very complex and sensitive process for production. Therefore, this study is focused on understanding the problems and presenting optimal plan to increase productivity of dicing blade manufacturing processes. We carried out a study as follows to accomplish the above purposes. First, previous researches were investigated. Second, the bottlenecks in manufacturing processes were identified using simulation tool (Arena 14.3). Third, we calculate investment amount according to added equipments purchase and perform economic analysis according to cost and sales increase. Finally, we derive optimum plan for productivity improvement and analyze its expected effect. To summarize these results as follows : First, daily average blade production volume can be increased two times from 60 ea. to 120 ea. by performing mixing job in the day before. Second, work flow can be smoother due to reduced waiting time if more machines are added to improve setting process. It was found that average waiting time of 23 minutes can be reduced to around 9 minutes from current process. Third, it was found through simulation that the whole processing line can compose smoother production line by performing mixing process in advance, and add setting and sintering machines. In the course of this study, it was found that adding more machines to reduce waiting time is not the best alternative.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2007

본 논문은 엘리베이터의 분산 제어 시스템을 수학적으로 모델링 하여 이 모델을 기반으로 미리 정의된 제어 목적 하에서 보다 안정되고 향상된 성능을 보이는 제어 알고리즘을 설계하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 또한 승강장 요구 응답 시간 추정과 실제 값을 분석하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.321-326
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• 1993

Recently, microcomputer technology has been developed rapidly and it provides not only graphic user interface that can be fraendly accessable but also large storage capacity to han- dle much hospital information. Almost all the order communication system for hospital has been developed under the concept of host and terminal environment since last 20 years. However, host-terminal system has not been successful in korea simply because most of physicians prescibe for rrlany patients a day(sometimes more than 150 patients a day). Also, under the host-terminal environment, programs are not friendly implemented for users. Since March 1991, we had developed order communication system for out-patients(named YONSEI-PC) using personal computer(PC) and local area network(LAN) . Since September 1992, we has applied succesfully in the Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Sevrance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine. This system consisted with Server and Clients which is communicated through LAN(Ethernet). The system also use the Host computer(IBM 9221 170) as a data bank and communicates to the Server with emulation card(3270 emulator, Interlink Inc., Korea) . After introducing this system, it enables patients to receive drugs witllin 20 minutes after prescription of 300-400 patients per day and it seemed to be effective system not to reduce waiting time for the patients but also to remove charge-troubling(due to His-entry of prescription) . This system also seems to be effective in terms of office automatism for hospital management. However users, usually physitions, required more friendly and easy system to operate and we thought that the most important one to successfully introduce order communication computer system in the hospital is user interface.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2020

최근 코로나 19로 인해 비대면의 중요성이 강조되고 있으며, 공유공간의 이용 부분에 대하여도 확대되고 있다. 공유공간 출입관리에 언텍트 체크인 기술을 이용하면 대기시간을 감소시키며, 근무자의 효율을 최적화함에 따라서 운영비 절감효과가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 모바일 키 및 RCU(Room Control Unit)에 기반한 공유공간 출입관리 시스템을 제안하여 모바일 키를 사용하여 시설에 대한 출입을 진행하고, RCU를 사용하여 시설에 대한 모니터링을 제안한다. 제안시스템은 공유 숙박, 임대 분야(레지던스, 분양형 호텔), 공유 오피스 등을 대상으로 특정 요일과 시간에 일회성 방문자가 있는 경우, 그에 맞는 비밀번호를 모바일 플랫폼 기반으로 전달함으로써 기존 비밀번호에 대한 노출 및 열쇠 전달 등의 불편함을 줄일 수 있는 현장적응형 시스템으로 지원한다. 제안 통합시스템의 동작을 시험하기 위해 사용자의 예약, 입실, 퇴실 등의 상태를 전반적으로 파악하기 위한 시나리오에 따라 테스트를 시행하였으며, 테스트의 신뢰성을 위해 성능지표를 설정하여 각 항목에 대한 100%의 성공률을 도출하였다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.3-8
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• 2010

$^{11}C$-Acetate PET/CT는 간에 관련된 병변을 찾아내는데 있어 유용성이 있으며, 이에 대한 예민도는 87.3%에 이른다. 이에 반해 $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT의 예민도는 47.3%이며, $^{18}F$-FDG와 $^{11}C$-Acetate PET/CT 검사를 동시에 사용하는 경우 예민도는 100%로 보고된바 있다. 하지만 $^{11}C$-Acetate PET/CT검사에서 췌장, 비장의 정상섭취로 인해 $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT검사에 영향을 줄 수 있어 정확한 진단에 혼란을 야기시킬 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 두 방사성의약품의 사용으로 인하여 영상에 얼마나 영향을 주는지에 대해 당일 검사법과 양일 검사법 간의 비교 분석을 통해 유용성을 확인하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 2007년 12월부터 2009년 7월까지 본원에서 간암 진단을 받고 PET/CT 검사를 시행한 환자 46명을 대상으로 하였다(남자 35명, 여자 11명, 평균연령: $54{\pm}10.6$세, 연령 범위: 29~69세). 검사에 이용된 장비는 Biograph TruePoint 40 PET/CT이며, 당일 검사법으로 검사한 21명에게는 $^{11}C$-Acetate PET/CT 검사를 먼저 시행하고 약 1시간 후에 곧바로 $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT 검사를 시행하였다. 양일 검사법으로 검사를 시행한 25명에게는 1일째 $^{11}C$-Acetate PET/CT검사를 시행하고, 2일째 $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT 검사를 시행하였다. 두 검사법 간의 $^{18}F$-FDG 영상에서 췌장과 비장에 동일한 관심영역을 설정하고 표준섭취계수를 측정하여 비교 평가하였다. 통계 분석은 SPSS Ver. 17을 사용하였으며, unpaired t-test를 통하여 두 검사법 간의 통계적 유의성을 확인하였다. 각각의 검사법으로 시행한 환자의 영상을 분석한 결과, 양일 검사법으로 검사를 시행한 환자의 췌장 부분의 표준섭취계수 평균${\pm}$표준편차는 두부 $1.62{\pm}0.32$ g/mL, 체부 $1.57{\pm}0.37$ g/mL, 미부 $1.49{\pm}0.33$ g/mL, 비장은 $1.53{\pm}0.28$ g/mL였다. 당일 검사법으로 검사를 시행한 환자의 췌장은 두부 $1.65{\pm}0.35$ g/mL, 체부 $1.58{\pm}0.27$ g/mL, 미부 $1.49{\pm}0.28$ g/mL, 비장은 $1.66{\pm}0.29$ g/mL로 나타났다. 당일 검사법과 양일 검사법 간의 췌장과 비장에서의 표준섭취계수는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며 (p<0.05), PET/CT 영상분석에서도 위양성으로 오인할 수 있는 높은 섭취는 보이지 않았다. 본 연구를 통해서 하루 동안 $^{11}C$-Acetate와 $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT 검사를 시행하여도 $^{18}F$-FDG 영상에서 $^{11}C$-Acetate의 영향으로 인해 표준섭취계수의 과대평가가 일어나지 않는다는 것을 알 수 있었고 이는 표준섭취계수의 측정값을 통해 통계적으로 유의성을 확인할 수 있었다. 앞으로 $^{11}C$-Acetate가 상용화될 경우 $^{18}F$-FDG와 당일 검사법을 이용하여 간질환의 진단에 있어 PET/CT 검사의 진단능을 향상시킬 수 있고 위 결과를 토대로 두 방사성의약품의 간섭영향 없이 하루에 검사를 완료할 수 있으며, 대기시간을 단축하여 환자의 만족도를 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.513-521
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• 2018

목적: 본 연구는 상지 수술에서 정형외과 의사가 시행한 초음파 유도 액와 상완 신경총 차단술의 유용성 및 합병증을 조사하기 위해 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2017년 3월부터 2017년 5월까지 총 103건에서 초음파 유도 액와 상완 신경총 차단술을 시행하였다. 초음파 및 프로브는 Siemens Acuson X300의 VF13-5 transducer를 사용했다. 수술 부위가 차단한 신경의 해부학적 감각 분포 범위에 포함되는 경우 대상에 포함하였으며, 다발성 손상으로 2시간 이상의 수술 시간이 예상되는 경우와 상완부의 수술은 제외했다. 술기는 lidocaine HCl 2% 20 ml, ropivacaine 0.75% 20 ml, 0.9% normal saline 10 ml로 조성된 50 ml의 혼합액으로, 2명의 정형외과 의사에 의해 동일한 방법으로 시행되었으며, 술기의 성공률(수술 시 마취 유도 상태 여부), 마취 유도 시간(천자침 제거 후 근력과 감각이 모두 소실될 때까지의 시간), 가능한 상지 수술 범위, 수술 후 무통 지속 시간(완전 마취 유도와 수술 후 수술 부위 통증 발생까지의 시간) 및 합병증을 조사하였다. 결과: 술기를 시행한 2명의 의사 간 결과값의 차이는 없었다. 초음파 유도 액와 상완 신경총 차단술에 소요된 needling time은 평균 5.5분(2.5-13.2분), 완전 마취 유도에 걸린 시간은 평균 18.4분(5-40분)이었으며 103명의 환자 중 100명에서 마취가 성공하여 97.1%의 성공률을 보였다. 무통 지속 시간은 평균 402.8분(141-540분)이었다. 마취 후 1예에서 어지러움, 4예에서 구역, 구토 증상을 보였고, 2예에서 입 주변이 얼얼한 증상을 보였으나 7예 모두 당일 완전히 호전되었으며, 총 103예 중 3예에서는 마취 실패로 수술실에서 2예에서 국소 마취제를 추가 투여하였고, 1예에서 전신 마취로 전환하여 수술을 하였다(3예/103예, 2.9%). 결론: 일부 주관절을 포함한 상지 수술에서 정형외과 의사가 시행한 초음파 유도 액와 상완 신경총 차단술은 빠르고 쉽게 마취를 가능하게 하여 수술 대기 시간을 줄일 수 있으며 높은 마취 성공률을 얻을 수 있게 하고 용량 선택적 마취가 가능하게 하는 안전한 술기로 판단된다.