• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.289-295
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• 1993

천연식품성분에 의한 발암성 니트로사민의 생성억제작용을 밝히기 위하여 야채류 중에서는 고추, 마늘, 파, 산초, 양차, 생강 및 당근을, 해조류 중에서는 김, 파래, 미역 및 청각 등을 시료로 하여 발암성 니트로사민의 하나인 N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)의 생성억제작용에 관하여 연구${\cdot}$검토하였는데, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 본 실험에 사용한 야채 및 해조추출물들은 모두 니트로사민 생성억제작용이 있었으며, 그 중에서도 야채류 중에서는 마늘, 생강, 파 등이 pH 1.2에서 $30{\sim}40\%$, 당근이 $10\%$로 나타났고, 해조류중에서는 김과 파래 등이 $40{\sim}50\%$, 미역과 청각등이 $25\%$ 정도의 니트로사민 생성억제작용을 나타내어, 해조류가 야채류에 비하여 억제효과가 좋았다. 또한, 야채 및 해조추출물의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 니트로사민 생성억제효과도 증가하였다. 2. 반응용액의 pH변화에 따른 야채 및 해조추출물의 니트로사민 생성억제작용을 살펴본 결과, pH 6.0에서 가장 높은 억제효과를 보였고, pH 1.2와 pH 4.2에서는 서로 비슷한 억제효과를 나타내었다. NDMA의 생성억제절대량은 pH 1.2에서 가장 많았다. 3. 야채 및 해조추출물들을 30mg씩 취하여 동량의 ascorbic acid아 니트로사민 생성억제효과를 비교해 본 결과, 야채추출물들 중 마늘, 파 및 생강은 pH 1.2에서 ascorbic acid와 거의 동등한 효과를 나타내었고 해조류중 김과 파래는 오히려 ascorbic acid보다 높게 나타났다. 4. 야채 및 해조추출물들을 $80^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 가열처리한 후, 니트로사민 생성억제효과를 가열 전과 비교해 본 결과, 가열 전후에 있어서 뚜렷한 유의차를 볼 수 없었다. 5. 야채 및 해조추출물들은 $NaBH_4$ 처리로 니트로사민 생성억제작용이 감소하였다.

• 환경생물
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.252-260
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• 2009

The summer algal flora and community of 9 islands in Dadohae National Park, southwestern coast of Korea, were investigated from June to September 2008. A total of 81 species (13 green, 22 brown and 46 red algae) of marine algae were identified. Among 9 islands, the number of species observed was the highest as 65 species at Jindo and the least as 37 species at Hongdo. The dominant species were Enteromorpha compressa, Ulva pertusa, Sargassum thunbergii, Gelidium amansii, Caulacanthus okamurae, Gloiopeltis furcata, and Symphyocladia latiuscula. The algal zonation of intertidal zone was figured out by Gloiopeltis furcata, Ishige okamurae, Caulacanthus okamurae-Enteromorpha compressa, Sargassum thungergii-Gelidium amansii, Symphyocladia latiuscula from upper to lower zone. The flora investigated could be classified into six functional groups such as coarsely branched form (38.1%), filamentous form (24.7%), sheet form (11.3%), thick leathery form (13.9%), jointed calcarious form (6.3%) and crustose form algae (5.7%). R/P and (R+C)/P values were 2.2 and 2.8, respectively. A cluster analysis of species occurrence was suggested that the number of marine algal species was different from greatly among the sampling sites.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.627-636
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• 2011

A commercially important alkaline protease, produced by Bacillus sp. RRM1 isolated from the red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex Silva, was first recognized and characterized in the present study. Identification of the isolated bacterium was done using both biochemical characterization as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The bacterial strain, Bacillus sp. RRM1, produced a high level of protease using easily available, inexpensive agricultural residues solid-state fermentation (SSF). Among them, wheat bran was found to be the best substrate. Influences of process parameters such as moistening agents, moisture level, temperature, inoculum concentration, and co-carbon and co-nitrogen sources on the fermentation were also evaluated. Under optimized conditions, maximum protease production (i.e., 2081 U/g) was obtained from wheat bran, which is about 2-fold greater than the initial conditions. The protease enzyme was stable over a temperature range of 30-$60^{\circ}C$ and pH 6-12, with maximum activity at $50^{\circ}C$ and pH 9.0. Whereas the metal ions $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $K^+$ enhanced the activity of the enzyme, others such as $Hg^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$, and $Zn^{2+}$ had rendered negative effects. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by EDTA and enhanced by $Cu^{2+}$ ions, thus indicating the nature of the enzyme as a metalloprotease. The enzyme showed extreme stability and activity even in the presence of detergents, surfactants, and organic solvents. Moreover, the present findings opened new vistas in the utilization of wheat bran, a cheap, abundantly available, and effective waste as a substrate for SSF.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.990-998
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity and potential inhibitory effects from four types of edible domestic brown seaweeds, Undaria pinnatifida (UP), Laminaria japonica (LJ), Sargassum fulvellum (SF), and Hizikia fusiforme (HF), on preadipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cell line. Water and ethanol extracts from the four types of seaweeds were prepared and tested for cell viability in the 3T3-L1 cell line by using MTT assay. In addition, various doses of the water extract of seaweeds (WES) and ethanol extract of seaweeds (EES) were treated at the beginning of 3T3-L1 differentiation and continued until the cells were fully differentiated to adipocytes. Oil Red-O staining was performed to determine the potential cell differentiation inhibitory effects of the WES and EES by measuring the levels of lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. $PPAR{\gamma}$ mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced by WESs of UP, LJ, and HF as well as EESs of LJ and HF. As a result, we observed the superior cell differentiation inhibitory effects of WES compared to that of EES in a dose-dependent manner without any significant cytotoxicity in mouse adipocytes.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

The efficacy of the radioprotective effect of Callophyllis japonica ethyl acetate (CJEA) extract was studied by comparing it to that of amifostine, a well-known radioprotective agent, and by evaluating the dose reduction factor, an indicator of radioprotective efficacy. Pretreatment with CJEA extract (100 mg/kg body weight) prior to receiving 12 Gy irradiation significantly improved the survival of jejunal crypts at 3.5 day post-irradiation, but attenuated the level of malondialdehyde compared to vehicle alone (P < 0.01). A similar gastroprotective effect was also obtained in the amifostine-treated irradiated group (P < 0.01). The efficacy of the radioprotective effect was further confirmed by the dose reduction factor, 1.41. Collectively, these results suggest that CJEA extract is a useful radioprotectant whose efficacy is similar to that of amifostine and whose radioprotective mechanism is in part the reduction of lipid peroxidation caused by gamma irradiation.

• Carbon letters
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• 제19권
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• pp.79-88
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• 2016

As a replacement for activated carbon, biochar was synthesized and used for the adsorptive removal of formaldehyde and nitrogen oxide. Biochar was produced from the fast pyrolysis of the red marine macro alga, Pyropia tenera. The P. tenera char was then activated with steam, ammonia and KOH to alter its characteristics. The adsorption of formaldehyde, which is one of the main indoor air pollutants, onto the seaweed char was performed using 1-ppm formaldehyde and the char was activated using a range of methods. The char activated with both the KOH and ammonia treatments showed the highest adsorptive removal efficiency, followed by KOH-treated char, ammonia-treated char, steam-treated char, and non-activated char. The removal of 1000-ppm NO over untreated char, KOH-treated char, and activated carbon was also tested. While the untreated char exhibited little activity, the KOH-treated char removed 80% of the NO at 50℃, which was an even higher NO removal efficiency than that achieved by activated carbon.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2013

Porphyra yezoensis is potentially an excellent source of dietary fiber, amino acids, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) because this red seaweed is available in large quantities and is rich in polysaccharides, proteins, and n-3 fatty acids. This study determined the insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), amino acid, and fatty acid contents of P. yezoensis harvested monthly from November 2011 to March 2012. The total dietary fiber (TDF) and IDF contents ranged from 27.2-34.9% and 18.5-26.9%, respectively, and were greater in March than November. The SDF content ranged from 4.9-8.4% and did not differ significantly during growth. Galactose and 3,6-anhydro galactose were the major sugars in IDF and SDF. The higher levels of galactose and 3,6-anhydro galactose in IDF might be due to associated porphyran-type polysaccharides. Mannose and xylose were also major sugars in IDF. The total amino acid contents decreased gradually from November to March. The total amino acid composition of Porphyra was dominated by alanine, glutamic acid, arginine, and aspartic acid. No significant changes in the fatty acid profile were observed throughout the study period. The dominant fatty acid during all seasons was EPA, which comprised as much as 50% of the total fatty acid content.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.27-44
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• 2010

In order to setup the diet guideline of five grains, five meats, five fruits, and five vegetables for the diseases of five organs, I reviewed the their tastes by comparing "Naekyeong" with "Euhakibmun", "Dongeuibogam". 'Ma(麻)' in "Naekyeong" means not a hemp, a ramie or a jute, but a sesame(胡麻;참깨). 'Maik(麥)' in it means both a barley(大麥;보리) and a wheat(小麥;밀). 'Guak(藿)' in it means bean leaves(콩잎), leaves of a red-bean(팥잎) or brown seaweed(海藻;미역). 'Gyu(葵)' in "Euhakibmun Jangbujobun(臟腑條分)" is a miswritten word for 'Welsh onion' caused by similarity of shape of word. Food of a salty taste according to five elemental arrangement in "Naekyeong" is really salty according to "Euhakibmun" and "Dongeuibogam". But a barley(大麥) and a wheat(小麥) of sour taste are bitter, a chicken of sour taste or hot taste is sweet, nonglutinous millet of sour taste is sweet, an apricot of bitter taste is hot, a sesame seed of sweet taste is sour, a nonglutinous rice of hot taste is sweet, and a horsemeat of hot taste is bitter according to them. There are two ways to recommend the food for diseases of five organs. One way is to promote or control the Qi(氣) of five organs according to "Somun(素問)" and "Euhakibmun Jangbujobun", the other way is to build up the Yin(陰血) of five organs according to "Yungchu(靈樞) five tastes(五味)". The two different ways are not contradictory to each other, but complement on the view point of their substances(體) or actions(用).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 1984

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the food preferences of college students of Korea. The survey was conducted on november, 1981 through the questionnaires. The subjects were 1184 male and 1241 female students of 9 universities. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1) Preferences of staple foods : Cooked rice was preferred most by the subjects. Male liked rice more than female, whereas female liked bread and noodle more than male. Among the different kinds of rice, bread, and noodles, the following food items were favored by the subjects. (plain rice, red bean rice and soybean rice ; salad bread and vegetable bread ; Nangmyun and Bibim Kooksu). The foods not preferred were barley rice, instant noodle and soybean milk noodle. 2) Preference of side - dishes : Among the kinds of side - dishes by different preparation methods, stews were the most favored and the next favored were soups by the subiecls whereas female showed lower preference of soups than male subjects Most disliked kinds of side-dishes were changachi and moochim. For example, side-dishes which showed higher preference in each preparation method were stew (Kimchi stew and Soybean paste stew), soup (Beef soup and Seaweed soup), kimchi (Korean cabbage Kimchi), Bockeum (Sauted beef and Sauted Kimchil, cheon(Beef Cheon, fish Cheon), Kui(broiled saury and broiled yellow tail runner), Chorim(braised cuttle fish and braised fish cake), Namul(sliced radish, cucumber, and spinachi), and Changachi (dried radish). The side-dishes which showed lower preference were Alaskan pollack soup, soybean curd residue stew, cabbage Kimchi, liver Cheon, sauted liver, hairtail Chorim, radish rootNamul, and dried radish root Changachi. 3) Preferences of snacks. Fruits apple, peach, pear) were the most preferred snacks by the subjects. Male preferred ginsang tea whereas famale preferred coffee. Both bate and female subjects showed higher preference of milk and lower preference of sweets. 4) Preference of one-dish meals : No one dish meal were disliked by the subjects. Male liked Bockeum-Bab more than female, and female liked Mandukuk more than male subjects.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2017

Seasonal variability in algal community structure was examined at the intertidal zones of five study sites on the Taean Peninsula, on the western coast of Korea, from February 2014 to November 2015. A total of 118 species of marine algae, comprising 17 green, 24 brown and 77 red algae, were identified. The maximum number of species was observed at the Mohang site (75 species), and the minimum at the Yeonpo site (46 species). The seaweed biomass was $160.24g\;dry\;wt./m^2$ on average, and was maximal at Uihang ($519.04g\;dry\;wt./m^2$) and minimal at Yeonpo ($19.03g\;dry\;wt./m^2$). Based on biomass, the dominant seaweeds at Taean peninsula were Sargassum thunbergii and Corallina pilulifera. Community indices were as follows: richness index (R), 3.21-5.01; evenness index (J'), 0.33-0.38; and diversity index (H'), 0.90-1.12. Based on evaluation of the environmental states by the community indices, the ecological evaluation index (EEI) of Taean peninsula was "moderate". The overall species and biomass of seaweeds decreased after the oil spill. However, Hakampo previously showed a similar algal community structure. In conclusion, the algal community was temporarily affected by the oil spill, but rapidly recovered.