• 기본간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.288-299
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• 2002

The patients with abdominal surgery usually have acute pain. It is important for a patient's qualify of life and for good recovery after surgery to control the postoperative pain. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between emotional state of preoperative patients and postoperative pain. The participants in this study were the 100 patients receiving abdominal surgery who received Intravenous Patient Controlled Analgesia (IV-PCA) at the end of the operation. The data were collected using questionnaires and the period of the data collection was from March to August, 2001. The instruments used for this study were The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Developed by Spielberger (1972), The Center for Epidemeologic Studies-Depression (CESD) scale and Visual Analog scale (VAS). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation coefficient with the SPSS program. The results are as follows. 1. For general characteristics there were significant differences in the degree of trait anxiety according to gender (p= 0.0010), marital status (p=0.0122), religion (p=0.0040), education (p=0.0001), occupation (p=0.0002). monthly income (p=0.0001), diagnosis (p=0.0001), and operation title (p = 0.0001). 2. For general characteristics there were significant differences in the degree of state anxiety according to gender (p= 0.0023), education (P=0.0073), monthly income (p=0.0001), diagnosis (p=0.0005), and operation title (P =0.0063). 3. For general characteristics there were significant differences in the degree of depression according to gender (p= 0.0073), occupation (p=0.0469), monthly income (p=0.0001), diagnosis (p=0.012). and operation title (p =0.0033). 4. For general characteristics there were significant differences in the degree of postoperative pain according to gender (p=0.0213), marital status (p=0.0082), education (p=0.0016), occupation (p =0.0128). monthly income (p=0.0008), diagnosis (p =0.0007), and operation title (p =0.0008). 5. The relationship between trait anxiety and postoperative pain revealed a significant positive correlation (r =0.51, p =0.0001), and the relationship between state anxiety and postoperative pain revealed a significant positive correlation (r=0.50. p=0.0001) and the relationship between Depression and pain revealed a significant positive correlation (r =0.49. p =0.0001).

• 대한화학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.438-446
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• 1999

오존처리의 소독 부산물인 알데하이드류를 HPLC로 분석하는 최적 분석법을 확립하였다. 예비실험을 통하여 알데하이드류는 포름알데하이드, 아세트알데하이드, 아크롤레인, 프로피온알데하이드, 부틸알데하이드, 벤즈알데하이드 6종과 케톤류인 아세톤 1종 모두 7종을 대상 시료로 선정하였다. HPLC에 의한 알데하이드-DNPH 유도체를 최적화 하기 위해 시트르산 완충용액의 pH, 반응 온도, 반응 시간, DNPH 농도, 추출 용매의 종류 및 조성의 최적 조건을 구하였다. 그 결과 시트르산 완충 용액의 pH는 3.0, 반응 온도는 40$^{\circ}C$, 반응시간은 15분, DNPH의 농도는 0.012%에서 최적 반응 조건임을 알 수 있었으며, 반응이 완결된 알데하이드-DNPH 유도체를 $C_18$Sep-Pak 카트리지에 농축시켜 과량의 DNPH를 용리시킨 다음 탈착용매로서 THF/ACN=70/30의 혼합용매 2mL로 탈착하였을 때 87∼107% 범위의 회수율을 나타내었다. HPLC 분리 조건으로서 Nova-Pak $C_18$ 컬럼상에서 이동상의 초기 조건은 ACN/MeOH/Water=30/10/60 에서 최종 조건은 80% ACN으로 하는 기울기 용리를 수행하였을 때 7종의 알데하이드류가 20분 이내에 용리되면서 모두 거의 기준선 분리가 되었다. 본 실험에서 확립한 알데하이드-DNPH 유도체의 최적 분석 조건과 EPA Method 554와 회수율을 비교한 결과, 본 실험에서는 86∼103%, EPA Method 554로부터는 84∼103%으로 거의 일치한 결과를 나타내었다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.255-264
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• 2005

This study is a descriptive research in investigating the perception of doctors and nurses with regard to DNR, and data were collected through survey questionnaires. The period of collecting data was between July 15 and October 30, 2004, distributing 128 questionnaires to 128 participants, and a total of 110 questionnaires from 55 doctors and 55 nurses were collected (86%)among 70 different hospitals. The collected data were analyzed using SAS program to get real number and percentage, and were also analyzed with $X^2$-test. The Study Results are as follows: 1. Respondents who agreed with the necessity of DNR was 97.27%, the reasons of DNR necessity were 59.20% of 'impossibility of recovery in spite of lots of efforts,' and 35.20% of 'for the purpose of choosing a comfortable and dignified death,' and 97.2% of respondents answered that it was necessary to give explanation of DNR to serious case patients, terminal patients and their family. 2. Problems derived from DNR decisions were 44.44% of 'lack of treatment and nursing,' 21.11% of 'guilty conscience about failing to do best efforts,' and 71.57% of CPR implementation right after DNR decision. 3. Reasons of implementing CRP for patients with DNR decision were 50.94% of 'for the presence of family and relatives at the point of patient's death,' 20.76% of 'guardian's change of DNR decision,' and 16.98% of 'no communication for the consent after DNR decision.' 4. With regard to who was to make DNR decision? there was a difference in the opinion between doctors' and nurses' group while the group of doctors chose 'by the consent of the family and the doctor in charge,' and the group of nurses chose 'patient's intension,' and with regard to Have you received DNR related education? and Will people who want DNR increase if there is explanation given? there was a difference between the two groups. 5. In the catholic institutions, respondents of 71.7% said that it was necessary to take DNR depending upon the situation, and 73% said that they had performed DNR before. 6. In the institutions with over 500 beds, 91.92% of respondents said that there should be an establishment of guideline book as a written format to implement DNR. From the results of this study, it was found that DNR was implemented and executed broadly in clinical fields in the absence of necessary instructions and/or guideline, and that DNR order was placed to the group of doctors who got less opportunity for proper education than did that of nurses.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to examine nurses’ perceptions of medication treatment for psychiatric patients and to compare these perceptions with the perceptions held by the patients. The methodology used in this study was a descriptive design with semi-structured and open-ended interviews. This study used a convenience sample of 112 nurses who worked in, and 209 patients who were under psychiatric treatment, in four hospitals attached to a university and one national mental hospital in the city of Seoul. The collected data were analyzed by SAS, using percentages for descriptive purposes, and t-test or x$^2$ for comparing the variables. The results were as follows : 1. There was no significant differences between nurses’ and patients’ perceptions on the extent to which patients complied with their medication treatment. Generally speaking, the mean compliance scores for both nurses and patients was high(nurse : (equation omitted)=3.70, Patient : (equation omitted)=3.76). 2. There was a significant difference in nurses’ and patients’ perceptions on the reasons why patients do not take medication. The nurse group indicated that the patients did not take medication because of the “worry about side effects or habituation(49.53%)”, “boredom from long-term use of medication(26.17%)” and “distrust toward medical staff(12.15% )”, but the patient group indicated that they “did not want to be dependent on medication (25%)”, “forgot to take medication(19.7%) and “worried about side effects or habituation(15.91%). 3. As for the necessity of medication, both groups showed some different responses. Even though both groups were aware of the necessity of taking medication, the patient group(21.53%) showed a more negative response. As (or the effects of medication, both groups (nurses and patients ) showed positive responses. However, the nurse group showed a higher positive response (91.07% ) than the patient group(74.16%), 5. Both the patient and nurse group indicated that the most helpful element for the patient’s life under psychiatric treatment was interviews and conversations with therapists and nurses. However, the nurse group showed a higher response(70.15%) than the patients group(47.15%). According to the patient group, family support for the patient was another important factor for psychiatric treatment and daily struggles. In conclusion, as there were differences between the perception of nurses and patients, the nurse must consider the patients’ subjective perceptions first. They should also revaluate their false belief and prejudice concerning the patients’ perceptions. Such information can provide a base to be applied by the nurses in devloping effective mutual relationships with patients which can in turn help in compliance with medication regimen. As it was confirmed that medication was the most important factor in the patients’ recovery, a thorough education program on the therapeutic effect of medication and the necessity of their continued use after discharge is also needed.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2001

The aims of this study were to identify the mothers educational needs when they have children who have had open heart surgery in congenital heart disease, to identify the children's characteristics with this problem, and also to provide the basic information on the development of the educational program for the mothers. The subjects of the study were 101 mothers of children and their children hospitalized with congenital heart disease in pediatric wards of G. University Hospital in Inchon and S. Hospital in Puch on from June to November 2000. The study used a Likert-type questionnaire with 39 questions which was based on a previous questionnaire developed by Lee Mi-ryun(1989) for adult open heart surgery patients. The reliability of the questionnaire was Cronbach' ${\alpha}$=.9375. The data were collected directly from mothers of the patients in wards. The t-test, ANOVA was adopted for the data analysis. The key results of the study are as follows : 1) The average age of the children was 32.90 months. The majority of the children are male and weighted 3.0-3.5Kg at birth. Most of the children had VSD(29.7%), and 10.9% of children had a family history of heart disease. 2) An average score of 4.62 out of a maximum of 5.00 was recorded for the educational needs of the children's mother. The highest score of 4.69 was for home care after discharge followed by a score of 4.67 for diagnosis and prognosis on congenital heart disease. And pre-post operation care scored 4.51. The mean scores of single-question items of educational need were, in order, 4.81 for immunization after operation, 4.80 for recovery process, and 4.77 for prognosis of the disease. The score of 4.18 for measurement of intake and output was the lowest. 3) The analysis on the children's mothers educational needs by social-demographic characteristics such as sex, age of patient and mother, economical status, educational status, number of child, hospitalization times, and hospitalization cause showed no significant difference statistically, but there was a significant difference between mothers with jobs and with out jobs.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.565-569
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• 2011

개별인정형 건강기능식품 기능성 원료로 개발한 창녕양파추출액의 표준화를 위해 지표성분으로 quercetin을 설정하였으며, HPLC를 이용하여 지표성분 quercetin의 분석법을 확립하며 그에 따른 유효성 검정을 실시하고자 하였다. 유효성 검정 결과, 본 시험법에서 표준용액의 피크유지시간과 창녕양파추출액의 피크유지시간이 일치하였으며 동일한 spectrum을 나타내어 특이성을 확인하였다. 검량선의 상관계수($R^2$)는 0.9986로 높은 직선성을 보여 분석에 적합함을 알 수 있었으며, 검출한계는 0.2 mg/L, 정량한계는 0.5 mg/L 로 설정되었다. Quercetin의 회수율은 0.05 mg/mL에서는 82.36~95.26%, 0.075 mg/mL는 82.70~98.24%, 0.1 mg/mL은 87.91~95.11%의 범위의 회수율을 보였으며, intra-day에서의 정밀도(RSD)는 0.10~3.28%, inter-day에서는 0.96~5.79%의 정밀도를 나타내어 창녕양파추출액의 지표성분인 quercetin의 분석법은 적합한 시험법임이 검증되었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.817-820
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• 2008

본 연구는 투수, 다기능, 수질정화, 흡음성을 가진 포러스 콘크리트를 하천의 제방공사, 농업수로의 제방공사, 도로 법면의 사방공사, 철도의 측방사면공사, 조경담장, 도로 방호벽, 어소블록 등을 구축하도록 하는 옹벽블록을 장투리천에 적용시켰으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 포러스 콘크리트 옹벽블록의 시공은 기초터파기, 잡석부설 및 다짐, 기초콘크리트, 부착모르타르 부설, 블록쌓기, 뒷채움 잡석 부설 및 다짐, 블록연결핀으로 연결 등의 순서로 진행되었으며 공종별로 그 특성에 맞는 재료를 선정하여 시공하였다.현장에 적용된 포러스콘크리트 옹벽블록의 품질 특성 평가 결과, 압축강도는 $20.1{\sim}22.5MPa$, 공극률은 $10.0{\sim}10.4$%로 측정되어 시방서에 명기되어 있는 압축강도 18MPa이상, 공극률 10%이상을 모두 만족시키는 것으로 나타났다. Slope/w를 이용하여 포러스콘크리트 옹벽블록의 사면 안정성 검토결과 안전율이 1.739으로 해석되어 설계 기준 안전률인 1.3을 초과하여 안전한 것으로 나타났다. 시공 6개월 후 식생 모니터링 결과, 갯버들이 식재된 식재공에서 양호하게 성장하여 포러콘크리트옹벽블록은 이 치수위주의 하천정비나 불량한 유역관리에 의해 훼손된 하천의 생태서식처를 되살리고 하도와 하천변을 원래의 자연하천에 가깝게 되돌리는 데 유효한 공법으로 판단된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.57-66
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• 1974

This study was attempted for clinical investigation regarding with Apgar score changing phase of newborns and their sucking power related the score and weight. The data for this study obtained from 545 newborns who were born at Dept. of obstetric WooSok Hospital, Korea University from Jan. to Sept.. 1373. It is hoped that this study will contribute to nursing care planning of newborns in nursery. The Apgar score was checked in the delivery room at 1 minute after delivery by Doctor and rechecked at 30 minutes and 1 hour after delivery by nurses. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The total newborn numbers at 1 minute after delivery were 545, at 30 minutes were 542 (3 dead) and at 1 hour were 540. The babies were divided into 3 groups by the Apgar score. The frequency of group 1 (score 1 to 4) at each times were 5.0%, 0.9%, 0.4%, group 2 (score 5 to 7) 11.2%, 4.1%, 1.7% and group 3 (score 8 to 10) 83.8%, 95.0%, 97.9%. 2. The group I was found most frequently among the cases of less than 2, 500g and group 3 was found among the cases over 2.500g. It was found that there was a tendency of delaying in recovery process of low score among the premature and low birth weight newborns. 3. The type of delivery, breech and other I e was found worst and C-Section was the second, however normal spontaneous delivery was found the best. 4. In observation of sucking power of the newborn related its score and weight, good, fair, poor marks were given. But for convenience of statistical analysis. good and fair was collected together and poor alone evaluated. The result of group 1.2 examined statistically by F.E.T shown no relation between newborn weight and sucking power. however group 3, examined by X$^2$test shown very significant relation between newborn weight and sucking power. 5. The mortality rate of newborn while they were in hospital was found 2.6% to 545 of birth and all cases of dead belonged to group 1 at 1 minutes after delivery. 64.3% of the dead was found among the cases less than 2, 500g. 6. It was found that in this observation premature and Newborn asphyxia had influence to low score at birth. Conclusively, good anthemata carr should be emphasized in order to prevent main causes of these and should avoid abnormal delivery as possible.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.357-371
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• 1995

We have completed a study to measure the contents of glucose, BUN, creatinine. LDH, and T-protein with respect to a fatigued condition in the bloods of rats which a constant swimming is loaded and to measure the maximun swimming time of mice The test has been carried out as a part of the basic study on the efficacy of B. E. P. (Biological Energy Projector) for emitting a light energy having a specific wavelength out of far-infrared rays. As a result. We have reached the following conclusions: 1. At testing of mice's maximun swimming time, all of B.E.P.(2. 4. 8. 24hrs) treated group have been increased in comparison with the control group, but only 24hrs-B.E.P. treated group significantly increased during 4 weeks. 2. The contents of glucose, BUN. creatinine, LDH, and T-protein measured immediately after the swimming of mice have been distinctly changed but not been significantly changed at their increase and decrease in comparison with the control group. 3. At 3rd day out of the swimming loading, the contents of glucose in the blood serum of the white rat have been distinctly increased in comparison with the control group. And 24hrs-B.E.P treated group surpassed 8hrs-B.E.P. treated group. 4. At 1st and 3rd day, the contents of creatinine in the blood serum of the white rat have been distinctly increased at B.E.P. (8, 24hrs) treated groups in comparison with the control group and have been recovered to the condition of the normal group. 5. After three days, the contents of BUN in the blood serum of the white rat have been significantly decreased in B.E.P.(8, 24hrs) treated groups at 3rd day in comparison with the control group and have been recovered to the condition of the normal group. 6. The contents of LDH in the blood serum of the white rat have been decreased in B.E.P.(8, 24hrs) treated groups at 3rd day in comparison with the control group, in particular 24hrs-B.E.P. treated group has been decreased distinctly than the normal group. 7. The contents of T-protein in the blood serum of the white rat have been distinctly increased in B.E.P. (8, 24hrs) treated groups at 3rd day in comparison with the control and normal group. As the above results, it has been proved that the execise of mice and the fatigue metabolism of rats were influenced by the light energy emitted the B.E.P., and it has been also proved that the external stimulation could be used as a preferable stimulative factor for the biological metabolism. If the clinical training and study are positively achieved, the B.E.P. would be used as curative means and preventive measures for helping human body.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2013

지속적인 유가 상승과 환경규약 및 안전성, NIMBY현상 등의 문제로 해상 가스전에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. LNG-FPSO는 해양 가스전에서 채취된 천연가스의 불순물을 제거하고, condensate와 LPG를 회수하며, 정제된 가스를 이송 가능한 형태로 액화시키는 최첨단 해양플랜트이다. 반면 작업 시 해상 환경에 많은 영향을 받으므로 선체 운동을 고려한 전처리 공정 효율을 파악하고 설계에 반영해야 한다. 본 연구는 LNG-FPSO의 선체 운동 영향 및 제한된 선상 공간의 최적화를 고려한 해상 전처리 기술을 개발하기 위한 기초 연구이다. 이에 아민 흡수공정과 멤브레인 공정을 혼합한 hybrid 공정을 검토하였으며, 일반 아민흡수공정에 비하여 낮은 용매 순환량, 낮은 열용량, 작은 컬럼 크기가 요구되어 해상용 전처리 공정에 적합함을 확인하였다. 이것은 또한 6자유도 운동 실험 및 CFD 해석을 병행하여 시뮬레이션을 가시화함으로써 다양한 해상상태에 따른 LNG-FPSO의 공정 효율을 검토할 수 있다.