• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.93-106
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• 2020

This research explores how imported automobile companies can develop their strategies to improve the outcome of their recalls. For this, the researchers analyzed patterns of recall demand, classified recall types based on the demand patterns and examined response strategies, considering plans on how to procure parts and induce customers to visit workshops, recall execution capacity and costs. As a result, recalls are classified into four types: U-type, reverse U-type, L- type and reverse L-type. Also, as determinants of the types, the following factors are further categorized into four types and 12 sub-types of recalls: the height of maximum demand, which indicates the volatility of recall demand; the number of peaks, which are the patterns of demand variations; and the tail length of the demand curve, which indicates the speed of recalls. The classification resulted in the following: L-type, or customer-driven recall, is the most common type of recalls, taking up 25 out of the total 36 cases, followed by five U-type, four reverse L-type, and two reverse U-type cases. Prior studies show that the types of recalls are determined by factors influencing recall execution rates: severity, the number of cars to be recalled, recall execution rate, government policies, time since model launch, and recall costs, etc. As a component demand forecast model for automobile recalls, this study estimated the ARIMA model. ARIMA models were shown in three models: ARIMA (1,0,0), ARIMA (0,0,1) and ARIMA (0,0,0). These all three ARIMA models appear to be significant for all recall patterns, indicating that the ARIMA model is very valid as a predictive model for car recall patterns. Based on the classification of recall types, we drew some strategic implications for recall response according to types of recalls. The conclusion section of this research suggests the implications for several aspects: how to improve the recall outcome (execution rate), customer satisfaction, brand image, recall costs, and response to the regulatory authority.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.55-72
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate developmental trends in organization strategy for taxonomic and slot-fiber lists and category typicality, use of organization strategy in relation to developmental changes in category knowledge structure, emergent organization capacity and effects in category typicality on children's recall. Moreover, the influences of children's age, use of organization strategy, list types and category typicality on children's recap were figured out. The major results were as follows. 1. Children's recall use of organization strategy increased with age. That is, the older children performed better recap and used organization strategy on both list types than the younger children. 2. AU children performed recall and used organization strategy better for the slot-filler than taxonomic list. The 4-year-olds, however, demonstrated better recap and use of organization strategy for the slot-filler than taxonomic list. While the 6-year-olds and 8-year-olds showed no such differences. These findings were supported the view that script-based slot-filler categories have a strong influence on young children's memory performance. 3. At each age level, children showed higher level of recall and use of organization strategy for category typical than category atypical list. AU children received higher scores for the typical than atypical items on recap and use of organization strategy. 4. Children's age, use of organization strategy, list types, and category typicality of lists significantly predicted children's recap.58% of the variance of children's recap was explained by four variables.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2007

In this paper, we design and implement the Film Defect Inspection System (FDIS) that detects film defects and determines their types which can be used for producing polarized films of TFT-LCD. The proposed system is designed to detect film defects from polarized film images using image segmentation techniques and to determine defect types through the image analysis of detected defects. To determine defect types, we extract features such as shape and texture of defects, and compare those features with corresponding features of referential images stored in a template database. Experimental results using FDIS show that the proposed system detects all defects of test images effectively (Precision 1.0, Recall 1.0) and efficiently (within 0.64 second in average), and achieves the considerably high correctness in determining defect types (Precision 0.96 and Recall 0.95 in average). In addition, our system shows the high robustness for rotated transformation of images, achieving Precision 0.95 and Recall 0.89 in average.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.338-347
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• 2013

In this study, it was explored a research model consisting of slogan attitude, brand familiarity, brand attitude, brand recall, and product category recall of retailers. Experimental research was conducted with 3,028 males and females in their 20's to 40's using stimuli of 10 slogan-brand sets from various types of retailers. In results, the research model developed based on the literature was confirmed and supported by data. In the model test, all hypotheses were supported. The effects of slogan attitude and brand familiarity on brand attitude were confirmed. Also, brand familiarity affected brand recall. Category recall was predicted by brand attitude and brand recall. As consumers have better attitude toward slogans, they tend to have better attitude toward the brand. As consumers are more familiar with the brand, they are likely to better recall brands when they are exposed to the slogan. As consumers have better attitude toward brand and better recall the brand, they tend to better recall the business category when they see the slogan. Study findings may help marketers to develop better strategies for slogan use by considering diverse variables related to consumer responses toward slogan attitudes.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.89-104
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• 2002

This investigation compared the eyewitness accounts of 5-year-old children by verbal-only inter views and interviews using anatomically neutral dolls. The verbal interviews consisted of free recall, specific question, and leading questions. While the overall accuracy of the interviews increased with the introduction of dolls as memory aids, the efficacy of the dolls was not uniform across types of interviews. In free recall, the dolls were not effective in eliciting accurate accounts. The use of dolls also did not compromise the memory of children in free recall which recalled greater number of correct details with the memory aids than without, but it should be careful in free recall could be reported exactly correct in spite of little bit amounts. Responses to leading questions showed that the children were affected by suggestive misleading question and were susceptible to incorporation of that information into their memory.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1468-1474
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• 2022

This is an empirical study to find out whether subtitles and infographics can affect the recognition and recall memory of YouTube users. In this study, a total of 104 university students were divided into 4 groups and exposed to 4 types of contents according to the presence or absence of subtitles and infographics. After the subjects watched YouTube content, they responded to the level of their memory through a survey. As a result of the analysis, the subtitles used in YouTube contents did not affect the recall memory of the audience, and the infographic did not affect the recognition memory of the audience. However, when subtitles were used for YouTube content, the audience's recognition memory was found to be high at a statistically significant level, and when infographics were used for YouTube content, the audience's recall memory was found to be high at a statistically significant level. The significance of this study can be found in that the effects of subtitles and infographics that appeared in the audience effect of legacy media such as newspapers and broadcasting were also found in YouTube, a new video content media.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.143-150
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• 2002

The objective of this study is to establish outcome validity for three instruments that assess whether subjects met recommendations for daily servings of fruits and vegetables for“Stage of Change”research. A convenience sample of 294 college students was recruited from introductory nutrition classes at Michigan State University in the United States. To measure servings of fruits and vegetables, separately, three types of methods (self-rated intake, 24-hour recall and food frequency) were used in comparison to the servings from a three-day food record, the criterion used. The outcome validity was assessed based on whether or not at least two servings of fruits and three servings of vegetables were reported. Validity was assessed by sensitivity, to measure the ability to detect low intakes, and by specificity, to measure ability to detect adequate intakes. Cohen's kappa was used as well to examine the agreement between the three methods and a three-day food record. The results showed, for fruits, the 24-hour recall had the best agreement (recall 0.54, self-rated : 0.31, food frequency : 0.29) with a three-day food record for servings consumed by people in pre-action or post-action stages. Sensitivity for fruit was also best using a recall (0.81). For vegetables, however, all three methods had low agreement (food frequency : 0.27, recall : 0.21, self-rated : 0.17) with the results of the three-day food record. Self-rated intakes for vegetables had the best sensitivity (0.66) and the food frequency had the best specificity (0.73). Therefore, researcher can use the 24-hour recall method to identify people who consume inadequate servings of fruit. To detect adequate vegetable intake, the food frequency was best of the three methods. Accuracy may be improved by probing for vegetables in mixed dishes and on sandwiches. (J Community Nutrition 4(3)： 143∼150, 2002)

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.3
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• pp.95-122
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• 1997

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of content and formal schema on reading comprehension. Five hundred fiftynine subjects from high school were assigned to one of the following levels and treatment conditions : (1) Higher level & Schema Activation, (2) Higher level & Non-schema Activation, (3) Lower level & Schema Activation, and (4) Lower level & Non-schema Activation. To evaluate the effects of schema activation. two experiments were conducted : one was related to the content schema and the other to the formal schema. To evaluate the effects of content schema, three different types of tests were conducted : (1) cloze test, (2) guessing the meanings of nonsense words, and (3) immediate recall test. To evaluate the effects of formal schema instruction, four kinds of tests were conducted : (1) sorting the sentences according to the importance, (2) identifying the signal words, (3) immediate recall test, and (4) identifying the specific information. For content schema condition, results indicated that the subjects given the titles or pictures before reading in "Content Schema Activation" treatment had better grades than those of the other treatment in all types of tests. regardless of their levels. Schema activation helped the subjects to increase the cognitive predictability of missing words and to participate in the tasks more actively with risk-taking. And it was also shown that good readers tend to process the words meaningfully, while poor readers tend to process the words phonetically or morphologically. Formal schema activation through teaching the text organization also had a significant influence on three types of tests: sorting the sentences according to the importance, identifying the signal words, and immediate recall test, but not on identifying the specific information. The implications from this study can be briefly noted as follows : (l) In teaching reading, the student's background knowledge should be activated as a pre-reading activity. (2) In reading, it is more important to emphasize the student's schema than the features of the text. (3) Various educational interventions should be introduced, especially for the lower level students. (4) Teaching text structures can be a powerful method for the top-down processing strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.50-57
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• 2019

In this study, various types of deep learning models that have been proposed recently are classified according to data input / output types and analyzed to find the deep learning model suitable for constructing a crack detection model. First the deep learning models are classified into image classification model, object segmentation model, object detection model, and instance segmentation model. ResNet-101, DeepLab V2, Faster R-CNN, and Mask R-CNN were selected as representative deep learning model of each type. For the comparison, ResNet-101 was implemented for all the types of deep learning model as a backbone network which serves as a main feature extractor. The four types of deep learning models were trained with 500 crack images taken from real concrete structures and collected from the Internet. The four types of deep learning models showed high accuracy above 94% during the training. Comparative evaluation was conducted using 40 images taken from real concrete structures. The performance of each type of deep learning model was measured using precision and recall. In the experimental result, Mask R-CNN, an instance segmentation deep learning model showed the highest precision and recall on crack detection. Qualitative analysis also shows that Mask R-CNN could detect crack shapes most similarly to the real crack shapes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.19
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• pp.189-241
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• 1990

This study identified cognitive styles of online searchers in terms of Field Dependence (FD) and Field Independence (FI) dimension and determined whether searching performance was affected by FD / FI cognitive differences between online searchers and the extent to which searching performance was affected by the FD / FI dimension of cognitive style. This study used a quasi experimental design with 41 student subjects using the Lockheed DIALOG system and ERIC ONT AP database. Cognitive styles of student subjects were measured by using GEFT (Group Embedded Figure Test) and the subjects were divided into two cognitive groups- FD and FI based on the GEFT scores. Each subject was assigned two predetermined searches which had different search goals-a 'high precision search' and a 'high recall search.' Search performance of the two cognitive groups on the two problems was compared in order to see how these two groups responded to achieving different search goals in terms of search strategy, search inputs, and resulting search outputs. The major findings of this study were: 1. The pattern of approaching a search problem regardless of whether it was a high precision search or a high recall search was not significantly different between the two cognitive groups. 2. The FI group tended to use significantly more terms for the high recall search than the FD group but slightly less time than the FD group. However, significant differences in connect time between the two groups were not revealed. 3. For both search problems the FI group achieved a significantly higher success rate than the FD group. The FI group were significantly more successful searchers than the FD group. As for unit / cost, although the FI group were more cost effective than those of the FD group for both searches, these differences were too small to be statistically significant. 4. Mean differences of the search performance variables between the FD / FI groups were consistent across the two types of search questions. The FI group seemed to be equally effective for both types of search questions. In conclusion, the differences found in number of terms used and success rate between the two cognitive groups apparently resulted from different cognitive styles.