• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2003년도 ISIS 2003
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• pp.608-611
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• 2003

Performance assessment was introduced to improvement of self-directed learning and method of assessment for differenced learning as the seventh educational curriculum is enforced. Performance assessment is overcoming limitation about problem solving ability and higher thinking abilities assessment that is problem of a written examination and get into the spotlight by way for quality of class and school normalization. But performance assessment has problems about possibilities of assessment fault by appraisal, fairness, reliability, and validity of grading, ambiguity of grading standard, difficulty about objectivity security etc. This study proposes fuzzy performance assessment system to solve problem of the conventional performance assessment. This paper presented an objective and reliable performance assessment method through fuzzy reasoning, design fuzzy membership function and define fuzzy rule analyzing factor that influence in each sacred ground of performance assessment to account principle subject. Also, performance assessment item divides by formation estimation and subject estimation and designed membership function in proposed performance assessment method. Performance assessment result that is worked through fuzzy performance assessment system can pare down burden about appraisal's fault and provide fair and reliable assessment result through grading that have correct standard and consistency to students.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2003

Performance assessment was introduced to improvement of self-directed learning and method of assessment for differenced learning as the seventh educational curriculum is enforced. Performance assessment is overcoming limitation about problem solving ability and higher thinking abilities assessment that is problem of a written examination and get into the spotlight by way for quality of class and school normalization. But, performance assessment has problems about possibilities of assessment fault by appraisal, fairness, reliability, and validity of grading, ambiguity of grading standard, difficulty about objectivity security etc. This study proposes fuzzy performance assessment system to solve problem of the conventional performance assessment. This paper presented an objective and reliable performance assessment method through fuzzy reasoning, design fuzzy membership function and define fuzzy rule analyzing factor that influence in each sacred ground of performance assessment to account principle subject. Also, performance assessment item divides by formation estimation and subject estimation and designed membership function in proposed performance assessment method. Performance assessment result that is worked through fuzzy performance assessment system can pare down burden about appraisal's fault and provide fair and reliable assessment result through grading that have correct standard and consistency to students.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.207-222
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• 2015

Mathematics preservice teachers' Mathematical Content Knowledge ("MCK") includes not only knowledge for mathematics, but also academic knowledge for school mathematics and mathematical process knowledge. We can consider the items in PISA 2012 as suitable tools to assess process knowledge as well as mathematical content knowledge because these items are developed by competent international educational experts. Therefore, the responses to items with the low percentage of correct answers in conjunction with the mathematical contents were analyzed with focus on FMC. The results showed the reasoning competency in responses using the conditions of the problem and of understanding the conditions after reading the complex problems within the context (i.e. the reasoning and argumentation competency, and communication competency) requires improvements. Furthermore the results indicated the errors due to a lack of ability of devising strategies for problem solving. Based on the foregoing results, the implications towards the directions of the education for the preservice mathematics teachers have been derived.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.27-44
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• 1999

Case-Based Reasoning(CBR) offers a new approach for developing knowledge based systems. CBR has several research issues which can be divided into two categories : (1) static issues and (2) dynamic issues. The static issues are related to case representation scheme and case data model, that is, focus on casebase which is a repository of cases. The dynamic issues, on the other hand, are related to case retrieval procedure and problem solving process, i.e. case adaptation phase. This research is forcused on retrieval procedure Traditional query processing accepts precisely specified queries and only provides exact answers, thus requiring users to fully understand the problem domain and the casebase schema, but returning limited or even null information if the exact answer is not available. To remedy such a restriction, extending the classical notion of query answering to approximate query answering(AQA) has been explored. AQA can be achieved by neighborhood query answering or associative query answering. In this paper, neighborhood query answering technique is used for AQA. To reinforce the CBR process, a new retrieval procedure(cooperative CBR) using neighborhood query answering is proposed. An neighborhood query answering relaxes a query scope to enlarge the search range, or relaxes an answer scope to include additional information. Computer Aided Process Planning(CAPP) is selected as cooperative CBR application domain for test. CAPP is an essential key for achieving CIM. It is the bridge between CAD and CAM and translates the design information into manufacturing instructions. As a result of the test, it is approved that the problem solving ability of cooperative CBR is improved by relaxation technique.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2014

Aviation safety issues have drawn much attention from the international community due to the growing demand for air travel. Although it is a widely accepted fact that human-related factors are closely linked to aviation safety, there is lack of understanding what roles those factors play in aviation, in the field of air traffic control in particular. It has been reported that the role of air traffic controllers significantly affects air safety. This review will discuss cognitive aspects of expertise in air traffic control including time perception, working memory, reasoning, perception, attention, scanning/vigilance, decision making, and planning with examples of how each aspect can be dealt with in performing air traffic control duties. The relevant studies in psychology have also been briefly reviewed in the interest of enhancing understanding of characteristics of air traffic control tasks and the related human factors. This review concludes with a call for more in-depth research into cognitive factors in air traffic control.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.620-636
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze one science teacher's understanding of student argumentation and his explicit teaching strategies for implementing it in the classroom. One middle school science teacher, Mr. Field, and his students of 54 participated in this study. Data were collected through three semi-structured interviews, 60 hours of classroom observations, and two times of students' lab reports for eight weeks. Coding categories were developed describing the teacher's understanding of scientific argumentation and a description of the main teaching strategy, the Claim-Evidence Approach, was introduced. Toulmin's approach was employed to analyze student discourse as responses to see how much of this discourse was argumentative. The results indicated that Mr. Field defined scientific inquiry as the abilities of procedural skills through experimentation and of reasoning skills through argumentation. The Claim-Evidence Approach provided students with opportunities to develop their own claims based on their readings, design the investigation for evidence, and differentiate pieces of evidence from data to support their claims and refute others. During this approach, the teacher's role of scaffolding was critical to shift students' less extensive argumentation to more extensive argumentation through his prompts and questions. The different level of teacher's involvement, his explicit teaching strategy, and the students' scientific knowledge influenced the students' ability to develop and improve argumentation.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.30-45
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• 2013

이 연구에서는 과학자의 창의성이 발현되는 과정을 분석할 수 있는 모델을 개발하고, 이를 사용하여 Archimedes의 왕관 문제를 해결하는 사고과정을 분석하였다. 그 결과 복잡해 보이는 과학자의 문제해결과정을 반복적이며 순환적인 모델로 표현할 수 있으며, Archimedes의 사례를 통해 과학자의 창의성에서 요구되었던 다양한 사고의 융합 과정을 분석할 수 있었다. 이 연구에서는 또한 과학자들의 창의적인 발견에서 실험의 역할을 제시하였으며, 과학교과서의 시각이 과학사적인 사실과 다른 이유에 대해서도 고찰해 보았다. 그리고 창의적 사고과정에서 귀추적 추론과 사전 지식의 중요성도 언급하였다. Archimedes는 역학이라는 사고판과 목욕이라는 일상의 사고판이 교차를 이루면서 왕관의 문제를 창의적으로 해결했다. 이 과정에서 귀추적 추론 과정과 사전 지식이 중요한 역할을 했다. Archimedes의 사례 이외에도 우리가 교과서를 통해 다루는 다양한 과학자들의 창의적인 발견 과정을 재구성할 수 있다면, 이러한 과정을 학생들이 경험하도록 교육의 단계를 제공함으로서 학생들이 창의적 사고 능력을 키워나갈 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.117-127
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• 1995

본 논문에서는 ART-II 경쟁학습 신경망과 퍼지추론을 이용하여 동일한 물체를 연속적인 영상열에서 정합 시킴으로서 움직임을 분석하는 방법을 제시한다. 영상분할을 통해 얻을 수 있는 영역의 크기가 평균광도를 이용하여 영역단위의 정합을 수행하고, 영역의 모양을 표현하기 위한 특징점을 선택하기 위하여 입력패턴들의 위상을 나타날 수 있는 ART-II 경쟁학습 신경망을 사용하였다. 선택된 특징점들의 정합을 통해 각 물체에 대한 움직임 벡터를 구한다. 그러나 3차원적 실제세계의 사영인 2차원 영상은 영상 자체의 불완전성과 물체에 대한 정보를 얻기 위하여 사용되는 영상분할의 잘목스오 인한 오류 때문에 움직임 추정 과정에서 모호성이 발생한다. 이러한 움직임 분석과정에서 나타나는 불확실성을 처리하기 위하여 퍼지추론을 사용하여 신뢰도를 표현함으로써 이동 물체와 음직임 벡터를 추출하였다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.157-176
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to share an experience about processes and lessons learned to execute evidence-based practice (EBP) in neurological physical therapy. Methods: The most important thing in applying EBP to practice is to search, find, and appraise the existing evidence. Many evidence databases are available, such as CENTRAL, PEDro, PUBMED, and EMBASE. However, the knowledge represented in these databases is not always perfect. The practice model is a set of processes to resolve client problems. Therapists should make hypothesis-focused decisions through EBP. Integrating clinical reasoning and evidence is most important when it comes to the execution of EBP. Results: The process of EBP consisted of following: coming up with clinical questions, followed by searching for, appraising, evaluating, and integrating evidence. To integrate EBP into practice, it is necessary to consider clinical expertise, patient value and preferences, as well as research wth the best evidence. We provided an example of a clinical case with a stroke patient to show how this process and framework concerning clinical reasoning through evidences can be integrateds. During this process, we also utilized information technology to improve EBP ability. Conclusion: We should recognize what manner of information is needed to resolve eash patient's problem, and we should search for this information efficiently. Then, we should judge the value of the information obtained as it applies, to the clinical setting.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.33-49
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• 2011

The process of physical therapy uses a problem-solving approach to enhance a patients's functioning status. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health(ICF) is the common concept for the functioning in the world. Physical therapists require the ability to identify problems, formulate hypothesis, and plan intervention strategies through clinical reasoning. In the clinical process, physical therapists need to use standard and common languages in speech and in documentation. The purpose of this study was to suggest the process of making strategy for efficient intervention, examining and evaluating the functional problem of the person with stroke using ICF tools. For the first step in this process model, therapists could list the information relating to functional problems used by the ICF Core set and then could identify the interaction among the problems using the ICF assessment sheet. For the next step, therapist is needed to make the hypothesis and hypothesis testing, and then set a primary functional goals and therapeutic goals in detail after prioritizing the problems to be managed based on the problem list. Finally, after setting the identified problems as the purpose of intervention through the hypothesis testing, therapist could do some intervention after making a plan to solve these problems, and find out the outcomes using the ICF evaluation display. This report illustrates how to apply the process based on ICF concept into physical therapy practice. Making a decision for the most efficient intervention requires that therapists use the clinical reasoning process based on ICF concept.