• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.969-975
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• 2002

Visual effects are important cues for providing occupants with virtual reality in a vehicle simulator which imitates real driving. The viewpoint of an occupant is sensitively dependent upon the occupant's posture, therefore, the total human body motion must be considered in a graphic simulator. A real-time simulation is required for the dynamic analysis of complex human body motion. This study attempts to apply a neural network to the motion analysis in various driving situations. A full car of medium-sized vehicles was selected and modeled, and then analyzed using ADAMS in such driving conditions as bump-pass and lane-change for acquiring the accelerations of chassis of the vehicle model. A hybrid III 50%ile adult male dummy model was selected and modeled in an ellipsoid model. Multibody system analysis software, MADYMO, was used in the motion analysis of an occupant model in the seated position under the acceleration field of the vehicle model. Acceleration data of the head were collected as inputs to the viewpoint movement. Based on these data, a back-propagation neural network was composed to perform the real-time analysis of occupant motions under specified driving conditions and validated output of the composed neural network with MADYMO result in arbitrary driving scenario.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-26
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• 2005

In this study, the program to investigate the multiple body interaction effects between a floating platform and a shuttle tanker considering the coupled effect of hull (FPSO) with mooring lines and risers was developed. The coupled analysis program, which is called WINPOST-MULT using the hydrodynamic analysis results by WAMIT, was made. For the verification of WINPOST-MULT by means of numerical experiments, two multiple-body models of an FPSO-FPSO and an FPSO-shuttle tanker system are adopted. With the FPSO-FPSO model and a two-mass-spring system to idealize two identical bodies for the 100-year storm wave condition in GOM, the numerical simulations were performed to investigate the interaction effects between two identical bodies. For the more reality, the coupled analysis for the FPSO-shuttle tanker model in the tandem arrangement was carried out in the consideration of the environmental condition of the West Africa Sea as a rather mild condition. Through the case studies with interaction effect and without interaction effect by the iteration method and the combined method, it is verified that the program is a very useful tool for the analysis of the interaction problem of multiple-body system and the coupled problem of the hull/mooring/riser.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.31
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• pp.241-262
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• 2013

In this study, we select and analyze the slang that is represented in Elistratov's "Dictionary of Russian slang". Through the above analysis, some conclusions were drawn as follows: First, as a social and psychological phenomenon appears universal in all languages, the study of slang generates strict criteria for the analysis. Unlike literary language, listed in the dictionary slang expressions can become obsolete for their short period of usage by native speakers. Therefore, in the following research of the actual data, we have to validate words targeted for analysis. Second, as the result of the analysis it is metaphor for the most part studied rather than metonymy. The semantic derivations as a result of metonymy are used very frequently in real life. But in this study we mainly analyze words, therefore the number of words was less in metonymy than was expected. Third, the basic types of metaphor are appeared as similarity by form, function, and location, and there are varieties of intervening of subjectivity in similarity of emotional impression. Fourth, the metonymy is divided into three cases: the part meaning the whole, the whole meaning the part, and some thing meaning the reality of where it exists. Fifth, not only literary language, but also slang as the 'transitional process' is the most active way of development of new meanings, and there are two methods to transfer main meaning to second meaning.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2022

In the structural analysis of steel frames, joints are generally considered as rigid or hinged considering their moment transfer ability. However, the first studies conducted with the beginning of the 20th century showed that the joints do not actually fit these two definitions. In reality, a joint behaves between these two extreme points and is called semi-rigid. Including the actual state of the joint in the structural analysis provides significant economic advantages, so the subject is an intense field of study today. However, it does not find enough application area in practice. For this reason, a large-scale literature published from the first studies on the subject to the present has been examined within the scope of the study. Three important points have been identified in order to examine a joint realistically; modelling the load-displacement relationship, performing the structural analysis and how to design. Joint modelling methods were grouped under 7 main headings as analytical, empirical, mechanical, numerical, informational, hybrid and experimental. In addition to the moment-rotation, other important external load effects like axial force, shear and torsion were considered. Various evaluations were made to expand the practical application area of semi-rigid connections by examining analysis methods and design approaches. Dynamic behaviour was also included in the study, and besides column-beam connections, other important connection types such as beam-beam, column-beam-cross, base connection were also examined in this paper.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.258-269
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand and analyze the experience of restoration among Korean elders with suicide ideation. Methods: A phenomenological research method guided data collection and analysis. A total of five elders having had suicide ideation participated. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews. All interviews were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Coding was used to establish different concepts and categories. Results: As the results of analysis, the following three constituents have been found as a retrospective focus based on the primary suicide ideation: expanding their view and facing reality, reconstructing their view about life and death as well as self. Conclusion: The results of this study may contribute to health professionals working at various crisis settings to understand Korean elders with suicide ideation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.36
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• pp.128-135
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze the perception of wayfinding in public interior space. According to this study, a virtual reality simulation test was conducted to examine the effect of wayfinding. Theoretical research was used to explain the psycho-physiological effect of visual perception and case study was carried out to evaluate the physiological response of the subjects. For the physiological evaluation, two simulations with sign and color sample were chosen and the EEG was Used. Data were collected from May 15th. to June 15th. The subjects were 20 students of architecture department and frequency, percentage, ANOVA, T-test, multiple comparisons were used for data analysis.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.42-47
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• 2013

Ship stability prediction is very complex in reality. In this paper, risk based approach is applied to predict the probability of a certified ship, which is effected by the forces of sea especially the wave loading. Safety assessment and risk analysis process are also applied for the probabilistic prediction of ship stability. The survival probability of ships encountering with different waves at sea is calculated by the existed statistics data and risk based models. Finally, ship capsizing probability is calculated according to single degree of freedom(SDF) rolling differential equation and basin erosion theory of nonlinear dynamics. Calculation results show that the survival probabilities of ship excited by the forces of the seas, especially in the beam seas status, can be predicted by the risk based method.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.167-178
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• 2009

Initial imperfections, such as initial deflection or remaining stress, cause deterioration of buckling strength of structures. The Koiter imperfection sensitivity law has been extended to describe the mechanism of reduction for structures. The extension is twofold: (1) a number of imperfections are considered, and (2) the second order (minor) imperfections are implemented, in addition to the first order (major) imperfections considered in the Koiter law. Yet, in reality, the variation of external loads is dominant over that of imperfection. In this research, probabilistic evaluation of buckling loads against external loads subjected to probabilistic variation is conducted by extending the concept of imperfection sensitivity. A truss arch subjected to dead and live loads is considered as a numerical example. The mechanism of probabilistic variation of buckling strength of this arch is described by the proposed method, and its reliability is evaluated.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.346-354
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• 2007

Recently, the efficient planning and operations of container terminals have become essential problems to develop the evaluation method with operational rules. Container terminals are required to have enough berths and container yards as well as various equipments and facilities, but in reality there are many differences in their resources owing to the circumstances of each terminal. This study introduces a simulation model for evaluating various operation rules for improving the performance of transshipment container terminal operations. This model can analysis various factors (throughputs, utilizations etc) and shows operational alternative considering design factors of transshipment container terminal with the related circumstances.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.92-100
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• 1995

Fuzzy reasoning has been applied to analysis of traffic problems on urban arterial road. As the analysis on factors of route choice has been already carried out, its result can be used for construction of the model. Route choice rate estimation by fuzzy reasoning was discussed from its structure and accuracy. The major objective of the study is to introduce some kinds of methods with fuzzy reasoning and to make their feature obvious. First, the production system model is introduced with consideration of reality to actual travel behavior. Second, overlapping areas of fuzzy language function are investigated. Finally, process of fuzzy reasoning was also considered. Five kinds of Fuzzy reasoning are compared to investigate in relation between shapes of membership function and estimation validity.