• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.404-412
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• 2022

The development in the field of the internet of things (IoT) have improved the quality of the life and also strengthened different areas in the society. All cities across the world are seeking to become smarter. The creation of a smart parking system is the essential use case in smart cities. In recent couple of years, the number of vehicles has increased significantly. As a result, it is critical to make the use of technology that enables hassle-free parking in both public and private spaces. In conventional parking systems, drivers are not able to find free parking space. Conventional systems requires more human interference in a parking lots. To manage these circumstances there is an intense need of IoT enabled parking solution that includes the well defined architecture that will contain the following components such as smart sensors, communication agreement and software solution. For implementing such a smart parking system in this paper we proposed a design of smart parking system and also compare it with convetional system. The proposed design utilizes sensors based on IoT and Data Mining techniques to handle real time management of the parking system. IoT enabled smart parking solution minimizes the human interference and also saves energy, money and time.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.32-39
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• 2015

In this paper, We propose the futuristic map using variety technology of advanced ICT-based. The futuristic maps are expected to developed into a new format of user participation to express the results in various formats through the understanding and interpretation of the facts and phenomena of tangible and intangible that exist in the real world. In the future, the map is expected to be developed into form of a new paradigm map made in real time that economy, industry, the collection of information necessary for everyday life, processing, usage, analysis, distribution and sharing. In this paper, we provide a real-time personalized contents to digitize the information of the real space based on the concept of map, databases, spatial analysis and describes the key technologies that characterized by the representation of time-series data by analyzing and prediction every field macro phenomena of society, economy, culture and etc. And we establish the concepts of the 'New Paradigm Map' for future creative economy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2020

The KSLV-II project with high difficulties technically requires thorough technical management during long-term life cycle more than 10 years for launching into space. The TRL is a quantitative indicator developed by NASA widely used all over the world to measure technology maturity of a system development objectively and consistently. The TRL is also used to make sure technology level and to establish a future direction in the KSLV-II project. The TRL has advantage enable to identify a technology level through quantitative indicators. However, it takes a lot of efforts such as trials and errors, time and cost to apply it to the project considering the project environments, and stakeholder needs. These include not only to establish TRL management plan from ideal, conceptual and abstractive standards/guidelines such as NASA's, but also to construct TRL management environment enable to apply and manage harmoniously. In the KSLV-II project, it is required to figure out current technology level and technology development trend in the future, to access conveniently, to share related data in real time, and to update periodically for the comprehensive TRL management. From the reason above, the TRL management environment was built by using the systems engineering tool already has been used for other system management data such as requirements in the project. It also could be accomplished a practical management basis of systems engineering from the traceability among system management data including TRL. In this paper, case study results are introduced to manage the TRL for the space launch vehicle using the systems engineering tool in the KSLV-II project.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Computer Game
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.29-36
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to examine the temporal and spatial characteristics of mobile games through Mikhail Bakhtin's chronotope concept in order to examine the changes of mobile games and gaming. Based on chronotope, a concept that refers to the inner relation between time and space reproduced in the novel, I examined the inner relation between the space - time experience in the mobile game platform and the reconstruction of the mobile game text. The mobile game builds the present-here world based on the player's will while superimposing the act of playing through the mixed platform of existence based on the player with the time and space of everyday life. The chronotope of a mobile game with players as platforms is created in the current space of now-here rather than connecting to the virtual world. In this paper, I review the role of chronotope reproduction in mobile games, focusing on role-playing games and location based games. In the mobile role-playing game, an unhistorical chronotope appears in which the player has a loose sense of distance around the automatic combat system, while the narrative and relational experience is weakened. In a location-based game, a chronotope of player-driven generation that generates amusing meanings through the overlap of the virtual world and the real world appears.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.45-56
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• 2019

Urban green areas are generally composed of relatively small and fragmented patches, but it is a critical factor for the quality of an urban environment. They have positive effects such as increasing green connectivity, reducing runoff, and mitigating urban heat. But, there is a lack of urban greening plans that consider the comprehensive effects of green space in real urban areas. To fill this gap in this literature, this study identifies a planning model that determines the optimal locations for maximizing green areas' multiple effects(e.g., heat mitigation and enhancement of connectivity) by using unused lots. This model also considers minimizing costs using meta-heuristic optimization algorithms. As a results, we finds 50 optimal plans that considers two effects within the limited cost in Nowon-gu. The optimal plans show the trade-off effect between connectivity, heat mitigation and cost. They also show the critical unused land lots for urban greening that are commonly selected in various plans. These optimal plans can effectively inform quantitative effectiveness of green space and their trade-off. We expect that our model will contribute to the improvement of green planning processes in reality.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.288-296
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• 2021

Automated face recognition in a runtime environment is gaining more and more important in the fields of surveillance and urban security. This is a difficult task keeping in mind the constantly volatile image landscape with varying features and attributes. For a system to be beneficial in industrial settings, it is pertinent that its efficiency isn't compromised when running on roads, intersections, and busy streets. However, recognition in such uncontrolled circumstances is a major problem in real-life applications. In this paper, the main problem of face recognition in which full face is not visible (Occlusion). This is a common occurrence as any person can change his features by wearing a scarf, sunglass or by merely growing a mustache or beard. Such types of discrepancies in facial appearance are frequently stumbled upon in an uncontrolled circumstance and possibly will be a reason to the security systems which are based upon face recognition. These types of variations are very common in a real-life environment. It has been analyzed that it has been studied less in literature but now researchers have a major focus on this type of variation. Existing state-of-the-art techniques suffer from several limitations. Most significant amongst them are low level of usability and poor response time in case of any calamity. In this paper, an improved face recognition system is developed to solve the problem of occlusion known as FRS-OCC. To build the FRS-OCC system, the color and texture features are used and then an incremental learning algorithm (Learn++) to select more informative features. Afterward, the trained stack-based autoencoder (SAE) deep learning algorithm is used to recognize a human face. Overall, the FRS-OCC system is used to introduce such algorithms which enhance the response time to guarantee a benchmark quality of service in any situation. To test and evaluate the performance of the proposed FRS-OCC system, the AR face dataset is utilized. On average, the FRS-OCC system is outperformed and achieved SE of 98.82%, SP of 98.49%, AC of 98.76% and AUC of 0.9995 compared to other state-of-the-art methods. The obtained results indicate that the FRS-OCC system can be used in any surveillance application.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.679-700
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• 2022

Purpose: Smart lighting adjusts brightness and color temperature according to weather, the user's activity, mood, etc. This study performed user experience(UX) evaluation of smart lighting in a living lab. The purpose of evaluating UX and analyzing the evaluation results is to improve user-friendliness and market competitiveness of smart lighting Methods: A living lab is a virtual or physical space where various stakeholders participate to develop, verify, and evaluate products, services, or systems in a real-life environment. In this study, an environment of using smart lighting was established in the Smart Safety Living Lab. Subjects performed UX evaluation after interacting freely with smart lighting in the Smart Safety Living Lab. Results: As a result of UX evaluation, it was confirmed that UX was overall excellent and subjects were satisfied with setting a desired indoor mood through smart lighting. However, operating the switch of smart lighting may be difficult due to its complexity, and it is needed to improve some functionalities such as the brightness range provided by smart lighting. Conclusion: This study is expected to contribute to establishing the way of UX improvement of smart lighting. This study is also expected to contribute to developing smart lighting as a high-quality product by reflecting the subjects' needs and UX derived in a real-life environment.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.247-252
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• 1999

The aim of this study was to characterize antipredator tactics of anurans and to evaluate the effectiveness of these tactics for predator avoidance in real confrontations. Two types of experiments were conducted. In one experiment, one predator and one prey were placed together for one hour in a small confined space (one-to-one interaction). In another experiment, one predator and several prey were placed together for one day in a large enclosure in a field (field-based interaction). The prey consisted of three anuran species, Rana nigromaculata, R. rugosa, and Bombina orientalls: a snake species, Rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus, was used as a predator. Results of both experiments demonstrated a range in antipredator responses of the frogs, from toxicity and warning coloration, coupled with slow responses in Bombina to little (or only slight) toxicity, crypsis, and fast take-off responses to the predator in the ranids. oth ranid species exhibited lower survival(57%) than Bombina (95%) in the field-based interaction, suggesting that motor responses of the palatable prey due to attacks of the predator ultimately limited their survival. The jumping of the ranids increased the activity of the predator, which became more likely to strike. Simple crouching(seen in R. rugosa and B. orientalis) and chemical defense (in Bombina) reduced predatory attacks.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Rapidly increasing internet use has brought beneficial development in many aspect and provide us with abundance and comfort as well as enhancement of quality of life. But Cyber space is giving rise to some negative result such as violence and delinquent conduct. It bring about more serious social problems than real life. We try to provide the desirable direction for Internet ethics by mobile SNS. SNS has not only economical values but also social communication toll to exchange and share views of specific issues with other users. Social influential and personal emotion factor is a factor of community relation. Thus SNS contribute to self-construction, interpersonal relations and public sphere. This internet ethics of mobile Era will makes people recognize the correct internet ethics information and do it, suggest the solution for interpersonal internet environment.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.8 s.179
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• pp.1940-1948
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• 2000

A design method for maximizing fatigue life of the deep groove ball bearing without enlarging mounting space is proposed by using a genetic algorithm. The use of gradient-based optimization methods for the design of the bearing is restricted because this design problem is characterized by the presence of discrete design variables such as the number of balls and standard ball diameter. Therefore, the design problem of rolling element bearings is a constrained discrete optimization problem. A genetic algorithm using real coding is used to efficiently find the optimum discrete design values. To effectively deal with the design constraints, a ranking method is suggested for constructing a fitness function in the genetic algorithm. Constrains for manufacturing are applied in optimization scheme. Results obtained for several 63 series deep groove ball bearings demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed design methodology by showing that the average basic dynamic capacities of optimally designed bearings increased about 9-34% compared with the standard ones.