• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2017

Concept development of a real-time Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based switched Ethernet data communication network for the Man-Machine Interface System (MMIS) is presented in this paper. The proposed design discussed in this research is based on the systems engineering (SE) approach. The design methodology is effectively developed by defining the concept development stage of the life-cycle model consisting of three successive phases, which are developed and discussed: needs analysis; concept exploration; and concept definition. This life-cycle model is used to develop an FPGA-based time-triggered Ethernet (TTE) switched data communication network for the non-safety division of MMIS system to provide real-time data transfer from the safety control systems to the non-safety division of MMIS and between the non-safety systems including control, monitoring, and information display systems. The original IEEE standard 802.3 Ethernet networks were not typically designed or implemented for providing real-time data transmission, however implementing a network that provides both real-time and on-demand data transmission is achievable using the real-time Ethernet technology. To develop the design effectively, context diagrams are implied. Conformance to the stakeholders needs, system requirements, and relevant codes and standards together with utilizing the TTE technology are used to analyze, synthesize, and develop the MMIS non-safety data communication network of the APR1400 nuclear power plant.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.649-657
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• 2009

일반적으로 초고속 네트워크에서 실행되는 분산 시스템의 데이터 전달처리 효율은 시스템 구조 및 데이터의 전달처리 시스템에 의존한다. 분산 환경을 이용한 실시간 분산 시뮬레이션 시스템은 데이터전달처리의 실시간성과 시스템의 신뢰성 보장을 위하여 데이터 전달처리 시스템에 의하여 요구된 성능을 만족하고자 하였다. 그러나 실시간 시뮬레이션 시스템에 적용된 클라이언트/서버 기반의 데이터 전달처리 시스템은 시스템의 안정성 및 시스템의 변경에 따른 확장성과 유지보수성 확보가 어려웠다. 따라서 기존의 데이터 전달처리 시스템의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 새로운 데이터 전달처리 시스템이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 실시간 시뮬레이션 시스템을 분석하여 시스템 개선방향을 제시하고, 시스템 확장성, 상호운용성, 재사용성 및 유지보수성을 위하여 소프트웨어 디자인 패턴을 적용한 새로운 실시간 데이터 전달처리 시스템을 제안한다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.324-332
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• 2010

실시간 임베디드 센서 네트워크 시스템에서의 이벤트 감지는 대부분 현실세계에서 수집된 센서 데이터들의 조합에 기반한다. 이에 최근에 이루어진 연구들에선 센서 데이터들을 수집, 집계하는 낮은 수준의 다양한 메커니즘들을 제안하였다. 그러나 실시간에서 연속적으로 발생하는 복잡한 이벤트들의 감지와 다양한 종류의 센서들로부터 입력되는 실시간 데이터의 처리를 위한 시스템에 대한 솔루션은 보다 많은 연구를 필요로 한다. 즉, 경량의 데이터 혼합이 가능하고 많은 컴퓨팅 자원을 필요로 하지 않는 실시간 이벤트 감지 기법이 필요하다. 이벤트 감지 프레임워크는 실시간 모니터링과 센서 데이터의 도착으로 일어나는 데이터 융합 메커니즘을 통하여 적시성과 임베디드 센서 네트워크의 자원 요구량을 감소시킬 수 있는 잠재력을 지니고 있다. 또한 임베디드 센서 네트워크 시스템이 신뢰성을 지닐 수 있도록 하기 위한 기반 기술인 프라이버시를 보장할 수 있는 익명화 기술을 설명한다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.1493-1499
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• 2007

센서 네트워크 환경에서 실시간 응용이 원활하게 동작하기 위해서는 센싱 노드에서부터 싱크 노드까지의 실시간 전송이 요구된다. 기존의 혼잡 제어 기 법들은 센서 네트워크에서 혼잡 문제를 해결하기 위한 방법들을 제안하였으나 보고주기를 변경하거나 중간노드에서 전송을 억제하는 방식이므로 전송 지연 발생이 가능하여 실시간 센서네트워크 응용에는 적합하지 않다. 본 논문에서는 실시간 데이터에 대해 전송 지연을 감소시키고 throughput을 증가시킬 수 있는 새로운 메커니즘을 제안하였다. 이 메커니즘에서는 데이터를 실시간성을 기준으로 분류하여 실시간성을 유지하고 있는 데이터를 우선 처리하고 실시간성을 잃은 데이터는 비실시간성 데이터와 함께 처리토록 하였다. 또한 본 논문에서 제안한 전송 지연 개선 기법을 IEEE 802.15.4 MAC 계층에 적용하기 위해 수정된 프레임 포맷도 함께 제안하였다. 또한 본 논문에서 제안한 기법을 적용하는 경우 전송지연 및 throughput 측면에서 어느 정도의 성능개선이 이루어지는지를 확인하기 위해 ns-2를 기반으로 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며 본 논문에서 제안한 기법이 실시간성이 중요한 응용에 적용될 경우 기존의 기법에 비해 우수한 성능을 나타냄을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.39-56
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• 2015

Continuous multi-interval prediction (CMIP) is used to continuously predict the trend of a data stream based on various intervals simultaneously. The continuous integrated hierarchical temporal memory (CIHTM) network performs well in CMIP. However, it is not suitable for CMIP in real-time mode, especially when the number of prediction intervals is increased. In this paper, we propose a real-time integrated hierarchical temporal memory (RIHTM) network by introducing a new type of node, which is called a Zeta1FirstSpecializedQueueNode (ZFSQNode), for the real-time continuous multi-interval prediction (RCMIP) of data streams. The ZFSQNode is constructed by using a specialized circular queue (sQUEUE) together with the modules of original hierarchical temporal memory (HTM) nodes. By using a simple structure and the easy operation characteristics of the sQUEUE, entire prediction operations are integrated in the ZFSQNode. In particular, we employed only one ZFSQNode in each level of the RIHTM network during the prediction stage to generate different intervals of prediction results. The RIHTM network efficiently reduces the response time. Our performance evaluation showed that the RIHTM was satisfied to continuously predict the trend of data streams with multi-intervals in the real-time mode.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2022

Across the world, 'housing' comprises a significant portion of wealth and assets. For this reason, fluctuations in real estate prices are highly sensitive issues to individual households. In Korea, housing prices have steadily increased over the years, and thus many Koreans view the real estate market as an effective channel for their investments. However, if one purchases a real estate property for the purpose of investing, then there are several risks involved when prices begin to fluctuate. The purpose of this study is to design a real estate price 'return rate' prediction model to help mitigate the risks involved with real estate investments and promote reasonable real estate purchases. Various approaches are explored to develop a model capable of predicting real estate prices based on an understanding of the immovability of the real estate market. This study employs the LSTM method, which is based on artificial intelligence and deep learning, to predict real estate prices and validate the model. LSTM networks are based on recurrent neural networks (RNN) but add cell states (which act as a type of conveyer belt) to the hidden states. LSTM networks are able to obtain cell states and hidden states in a recursive manner. Data on the actual trading prices of apartments in autonomous districts between January 2006 and December 2019 are collected from the Actual Trading Price Disclosure System of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT). Additionally, basic data on apartments and commercial buildings are collected from the Public Data Portal and Seoul Metropolitan Government's data portal. The collected actual trading price data are scaled to monthly average trading amounts, and each data entry is pre-processed according to address to produce 168 data entries. An LSTM model for return rate prediction is prepared based on a time series dataset where the training period is set as April 2015~August 2017 (29 months), the validation period is set as September 2017~September 2018 (13 months), and the test period is set as December 2018~December 2019 (13 months). The results of the return rate prediction study are as follows. First, the model achieved a prediction similarity level of almost 76%. After collecting time series data and preparing the final prediction model, it was confirmed that 76% of models could be achieved. All in all, the results demonstrate the reliability of the LSTM-based model for return rate prediction.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2012

This paper propose a transmission method for "Transportation system" that can decide precise position under wide area road traffic environment. For precise position detecting, central station collect multiple receiver station's satellite navigation data and generate correction information. In this process, we need efficient real time transmission method for satellite navigation message that has variable data size. We propose real time data transmission method. This real time transmission method offer efficient processing structure for multiple receiver station's satellite navigation message. This paper explains proposed real time transmission method and proofs this transmission method.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.629-644
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• 2010

A real-time image georeferencing system requires all inputs to be determined in real-time. The intrinsic camera parameters can be identified in advance from a camera calibration process while other control information can be derived instantaneously from real-time GPS/INS data. The bottleneck process is tie point acquisition since manual operations will be definitely obstacles for real-time system while the existing extraction methods are not fast enough. In this paper, we present a fast-and-automated image matching technique based on the KLT tracker to obtain a set of tie-points in real-time. The proposed work accelerates the KLT tracker by supplying the initial guessed tie-points computed using the GPS/INS data. Originally, the KLT only works effectively when the displacement between tie-points is small. To drive an automated solution, this paper suggests an appropriate number of depth levels for multi-resolution tracking under large displacement using the knowledge of uncertainties the GPS/INS data measurements. The experimental results show that our suggested depth levels is promising and the proposed work can obtain tie-points faster than the ordinary KLT by 13% with no less accuracy. This promising result suggests that our proposed algorithm can be effectively integrated into the real-time image georeferencing for further developing a real-time surveillance application.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.93-118
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• 2022

Purpose - Export marketers may have incentives to attempt real earnings management to avoid low reported earnings. Therefore, we attempted to verify the relationship between cost stickiness and real earnings management in the context of export marketing. Design/methodology/approach - Data were collected from exporters that settle-accounts in December excluding financial businesses listed on the stock market from 2015 to 2019. Multiple regression analysis were employed to analyze the data. Findings - The results showed that there is a negative relationship between cost stickiness and real earnings management. In addition, the results showed that export marketers little attempt to offset the cost inefficiency caused by the increase in expense because of cost stickiness with opportunistic management activities through real earnings management. Rather, as the level of real earnings management appears lower, exporters showing cost stickiness are expected to report management performance based on actual marketing. Furthermore, exporters with a high level of managerial centrality or high managerial overconfidence little attempt to offset cost inefficiency caused by cost stickiness with real earnings management activities. Research implications or Originality - Our study is the first to investigate the quality of earnings information of exporters with cost stickiness. Based on the results, we suggested efficient marketing strategies for exporters.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2588-2593
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• 2003

Any system has the possibility of an error occurrence. Even if trivial errors were occurred, the original system would be fatally affected by the occurring errors. Accordingly, the error detection must be demanded. In this paper, we developed a real-time error detection system would be able to apply to an electronic Jacquard system. A Jacquard is a machine, which controls warps while weaving textiles, for manufacturing patterned cloth. There are two types of mechanical and electronic Jacquard. An electronic Jacquard is better than a mechanical Jacquard in view of the productivity and realizability for weaving various cloths. Recent weaving industry is growing up increasingly due to the electronic Jacquard. But, the problem of wrong weaving from error data exists in the electronic Jacquard. In this research, a real-time error detection system for an electronic Jacquard is developed for detecting errors in an electronic Jacquard in real-time. The real-time system is constructed using PC-based embedded system architecture. The system detects the occurring errors in real-time by storing 1344 data transferred in serial from an electronic Jacquard into memory, and then by comparing synchronously 1344 data stored into memory with 1344 data in a design file before the next data would be transferred to the Jacquard for weaving. The information of detected errors are monitored to the screen and stored into a file in real-time as the outputs of the system. In this research, we solve the problem of wrong weaving through checking the weaving data and detecting the occurred errors of an electronic Jacquard in real-time.