• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2015

This study explores reading fluency among elementary school students considering language level and family income(low SES). Forty eight students from 1st to 3rd grades participated in two paragraph reading tasks. Half of the children were from low income family and half of the children had low lexical knowledge. Reading fluency as in the number of correctly read syllables per minute, the total error frequency and error types were used to compare group differences. There were significant differences in the number of correctly read syllables per minute between two income groups and two language groups. There was a significant difference between low income group and non-low income group in total number of errors only when children's lexical knowledge were low. There were no group differences in error types of repetition and omission. Substitution and insertion error seemed to reflect the total error pattern. These results imply the importance of early screening and early involvement for children with low lexical knowledge from low income family. Monitoring and early intervention will support these children's reading development.

• 산업공학
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.139-147
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to survey colors of background, marker, and pointer being used in passenger car's combination meter, and to suggest ergonomic design guidelines of combination meter to enhance driver's readability. An experiment was conducted, in which colors of background, marker, and pointer were selected as independent variables, and reading time, reading error, and preference for combination meter were measured as dependent variables. Most of passenger cars sold in Korea were found to have combination meter with black background, while marker. The experimental results showed that reading time of combination meter with white background, black marker and point was shortest, reading error was lowest in combination meter with black background, yellow marker pointer, and preference for combination meter with white background, black marker and black or red pointer was highest. The results implied that combination meter with white background, black marker and black pointer should be used for comprehensively optimizing reading time, reading error, and preference for it. It was expected that these results could be used as valuable design guidelines when designing combination meter of passenger car.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 1999년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1027-1030
• /
• 1999

Recently many efforts on the development of automatic processing system for delivery sequence sorting have been performed in ETRI, which requires the use of postal 4 state bar code system to encode delivery points. This paper addresses the issue on the reduction of reading error in postal 4 state raster beam based bar code reader by adjusting measured values of bar code width to its average value over each interval. The test results show that the above method reduces the average reading error rate approximately by 90-100%.

• 대한산업공학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.197-205
• /
• 2003

Many people get plenty of information from World Wide Web, and the study of the factors that affect on reading task on web browser is presenting important issue. But domestic studies on legibility of Korean on web environment were relatively poor and the study about suitable text layout for skimming wasn't carried out also. At this point, this study was performed to investigate the effects of two types of reading, three levels of line length, and three levels of interlinear spacing on comprehension and reading rate when subjects read the materials on web browser. Reading speed, error rate, subjective preference and SACL(Stress and Arousal Checklist) evaluation were measured to evaluate the effects. Eighteen volunteer subjects participated in eighteen web document sessions with two different reading types, three different line lengths, and three different interlinear spacings. Statistical results from objective and subjective evaluations indicate that 50 characters per line of line length and 100 percents of interlinear spacing improved reading rate, overall error rates were reduced when reading normally, and SACL measures were increased at fast reading type. Consequently, in order to design text layout to retrieve information in WWW environment effectively, just applying guidelines of traditional printed material is not proper. Therefore, it is effective to consider reading type, line length, and interlinear spacing. Implications of these results and suggestions for the further study are also addressed.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
• /
• 제7권7호
• /
• pp.2149-2160
• /
• 2000

4-state 바코드는 우편물 자동구분처리 및 우편물류의 정보표현, 전달, 처리가 효과적으로 지원되도록 개발하고 있다. 4-state 바코드에 표현 정보는 우편번호, 배달순서코드, 고객정보 등이 포함되며, 판독의 향상을 위한 오류정정 코드워드를 적용할 수 있다. 본 논문은 우편용 4-state 바코드를 raster beam에 의하여 판독하는 시스템의 개발과 판독오차 범위의 축소 방법을 다룬 것이다. Raster beam 주사에 의한 판독 오차는 단위 구간별 spot 분포의 동일하지 않은 분포로 인하여 발생된다. 이에 따라, 판독오차를 축소하기 위한 방법으로 각 구간 단위로 바의 두께 값을 측정하여 인접돈 바의 평균값 조정 방법을 제안하였으며, 시험결과 거의 99.8%까지 평균 판독오차가 축소됨을 보였다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2011

본 논문에서는 자동 원격검침을 위한 전력선 통신에서의 등화기 기법인 zero-forcing (ZF)와 minimum mean square error (MMSE) 기법을 제안하고 분석하였다. 전력선 통신을 이용한 효율적인 AMR 시스템 구현을 위해서 임펄스 노이즈와 다중경로 채널의 영향들은 완화되어야 한다. 이러한 영향들을 극복하기 위해, 앞서 말한 등화기 기법들을 사용하였다. 시스템 성능은 비트오류율 (BER)에 의해서 평가되어진다. 모의실험 결과로부터 등화기가 전력선 통신 시스템의 BER 성능을 현저하게 향상시키고 MMSE가 ZF보다 더 나은 성능을 제공함을 확인하였다. 본 논문의 실험 결과는 AMR 시스템뿐만 아니라, 다양한 스마트 그리드 서비스에도 적용될 수 있다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
• /
• pp.2219-2221
• /
• 2001

A communication protocol for automatic meter reading is designed for electronic power meter. Communicational functions and data structures are standardized and data reading software is developed according to the developed protocol. The communication protocol is designed with reference specifications, IEC 62056-31 and Distributed Network Protocol(DNP). For design, communicational functions and specifications of the industrial meters were analyzed for the purpose of developing a new one for KEPCO meters. The protocol is designed with 3 layer model, physical layers, data link layer and application layer. A documentation was completed with data gathering, data classification, authentication, error detection. An emulator system was made for testing the protocol. A meter reading software was developed using the protocol. Many different protocols and meter reading softwares are integrated into one with the developed protocol and software as KEPCO's standard.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.214-220
• /
• 2012

터널 굴착에 의해 발생되는 주변 지반의 변위는 터널의 안정성 평가를 위해 중요한 정보가 된다. 실제 시공중 계측에 의해 획득되어 지는 변위량은 불가피하게 계측전 발생한 변위를 포함하지 못하게 된다. 따라서, 계측이 이루어진 시점을 고려하여 계측전 발생한 변위량을 예측하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 초기 계측이 이루어진 시점에 따라 계측전 변위 예측의 정확도를 굴착면과 계측지점의 이격거리만을 고려하여 통계적 기법으로 고찰하였다. 또한, 계측 오차가 변위 예측결과에 미치는 영향을 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 통하여 살펴보았다. 연구결과 초기 계측이 이루어진 이격거리가 커질수록 전체 변위 이력곡선의 예측 정확도는 급격히 감소하였으며, 계측오차가 커질수록 예측 정확도가 낮아지는 경향을 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제27권11호
• /
• pp.1563-1571
• /
• 2003

This paper is the second part of several companion papers which compare the method of Air-fuel ratio(AFR) determination. In the previous paper, Eltinge chart was applied to the arbitrary fuel composition and the charts for gasoline, diesel, methanol, M85, liquefied petroleum gas(LPG), natural gas(NG), propane and butane were illustrated. In Eltinge chart, however, unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) is not used for determination of AFR. For improving accuracy, Eltinge suggested UHC compensation after the AFR reading in the chart. This compensation reduced the difference between real and reading value. In the compensation, however, the correction of oxygen and carbon dioxide is uncertain and there might be a mistake in conversion of UHC reading value. Therefore, the error is overestimated comparing with Spindt one which is most widely used. In addition, there is no comparison of the value with other useful methods. In this paper, the compensation of unburned HC was performed in Eltinge chart and the compensated value was compared with Spindts formula over wide range of AFR. The objects of investigating fuel are gasoline, methanol, NG and LPG. The result shows that Eltinge and Spindt method is flawlessly compatible and the difference between the two methods is under 0.3% in a λrange from 0.9 to 1.7. The method fur debugging instrumentation error is also presented.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제53권4호
• /
• pp.296-308
• /
• 2021

뇌파검사는 뇌전증을 가장 정확하고 빠르게 진단한다. 또한 뇌의 기능과 발작을 장소의 구애를 받지 않으면서 실시간으로 평가할 수 있는 중요한 검사이다. 뇌전증 분야에서는 뇌파검사지식과 임상경험이 많은 임상병리사가 PA를 하는 것이 적합하다. 전극 부착 방법은 국제 표준 10-20법을 기반으로 한다. 뇌파 판독은 주로 LB몽타주로 판독한다. 하지만 한 가지 몽타주만 이용하여 판독하는 것은 오류를 범할 수 있기 때문에, 상황에 맞게 2개 이상의 몽타주를 병용해서 판독한다. 뇌파에서 전위는 등고선의 형태로 보인다. 뇌파 진단에서 가장 중요한 원리는 과잉 판독이 아닌 과소 판독이다. 뇌파를 반복해서 기록할수록 더욱 민감하게 판독할 수 있다. 좋은 뇌파 판독을 위해서는 양질의 좋은 뇌파가 기록되어야 한다. 그러기 위해선 신경과 의사와 뇌파 기사의 관계가 매우 중요하다. 앞으로는 많은 판독 경험과 임상적 실무지식을 갖춘 임상병리사의 활동영역이 좀 더 확대되길 기대한다.