• 음성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2003

Bimodal speech recognition based on lip reading has been studied as a representative method of speech recognition under noisy environments. There are three integration methods of speech and lip modalities as like direct identification, separate identification and dominant recording. In this paper we evaluate the robustness of lip reading methods under the assumption that lip parameters are estimated with errors. We show that the dominant recording approach is more robust than other methods through lip reading experiments.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2016

Speech-print mapping awareness is defined as the awareness of the principles underpinning how speech sound is matched to print symbols. Chinese is unique in that it follows the one syllable one character mapping principle. The present study examined the predictive power of speech-print mapping awareness in young children's word reading. Seventy-four Hong Kong children from the first and second kindergarten years were tested with phonological awareness, visual skills, syllable-level mapping awareness, and Chinese reading ability at Time 1. Chinese reading abilities were tested again 1 year later. It was found that syllable-level mapping awareness predicted Chinese word reading abilities 12 months later. Further, it seemed that the link of syllable mapping to Chinese reading is particularly significant for beginning readers. The findings suggest that understanding the language-specific speech-print mapping principle is critical for reading acquisition at the early stage of reading development.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2012

This paper mainly aims to investigate how differently choral speech and altered auditory feedback (i.e., delayed auditory feedback, frequency-altered feedback) enhance speech fluency during sentence reading. To do this, a stuttering reduction rate was used and measured how much stuttering in frequency was reduced during each of the fluency enhancing conditions (i.e, typical choral reading, DAF, FAF) relative to typical solo reading. The results showed that stuttering frequency was reduced in the three fluency enhancing conditions and the highest mean value in stuttering reduction rate was observed during typical choral reading. Some discussion was provided in relation to the stuttering reduction rate observed during typical choral reading and its further speculation.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2014

Purposes: Speech acceptability means the subjective judgement of listeners regarding the naturalness and normality of the speech. The purpose of this study was to determine the predicting variables for speech acceptabilities of children with cochlear implants. Methods: Twenty seven children with CI participated. They had profound pre-lingual hearing loss without any additional disabilities. The mean of chronological ages was 8;9, and mean of age of implantation was 2;11. Speech samples of reading and spontaneous speech were recorded separately. Twenty college students who were not familiar to the speech of deaf children evaluated the speech acceptabilities using visual analog scale. 1 segmental (articulation) and 6 suprasegmental features (pitch, loudness, quality, resonance, intonation, and speaking rate) of speech were perceptually evaluated by 3 SLPs. Correlation and multiple regression analysis were performed to evaluate the predicting variables. Results: The means of speech acceptability for reading and spontaneous speech were 73.47 and 71.96, respectively. Speech acceptability of reading was predicated by the severity of intonation and articulation. Speech acceptability of spontaneous speech was predicated by the severity of intonation and loudness. Discussion and conclusion: Severity of intonation was the most effective variable to predict the speech acceptabilities of both reading and spontaneous speech. A further study would be necessary to generalize the result and to apply this result to intervention in clinical settings.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.37-42
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• 1996

This study aims to see some prosodic features of English spoken by Japanese learners of English. It focuses on speech rates, pauses, and intonation when the learners read an English passage. Three Japanese learners of English, who are all male university students, were asked to read the speech material, an English passage of 110 word length, at their normal reading speed. Then a native speaker of English, a male American English teacher. was asked to read the same passage. The Japanese speakers were also asked to read a Japanese passage of 286 letters (Japanese Kana) to compare the reading of English with that of japanese. Their speech was analyzed on a computerized system (KAY Computerized Speech Lab). Wave forms, spectrograms, and F0 contours were shown on the screen to measure the duration of pauses, phrases and sentences and to observe intonation contours. One finding of the experiment was that the movement of the low speakers' speech rates showed a similar tendency in their reading of the English passage. Reading of the Japanese passage by the three learners also had a similar tendency in the movement of speech rates. Another finding was that the frequency of pauses in the learners speech was greater than that in the speech of the native speaker, but that the ration of the total pause length to the whole utterance length was about tile same in both the learners' and the native speaker's speech. A similar tendency was observed about the learners' reading of the Japanese passage except that they used shorter pauses in the mid-sentence position. As to intonation contours, we found that the learners used a narrower pitch range than the native speaker in their reading of the English passage while they used a wider pitch range as they read the Japanese passage. It was found that the learners tended to use falling intonation before pauses whereas the native speaker used different intonation patterns. These findings are applicable to the teaching of English pronunciation at the passage level in the sense that they can show the learners. Japanese here, what their problems are and how they could be solved.

• 음성과학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to compare disfluencies and speech rates (overall speech rate and articulation rate) of normal adult speakers who use the standard Korean according to dissimilar speech tasks (story-telling and text-reading). Participants were 100 Korean adult speakers. The results are summarized as follows: First, the most frequent type of disfluency in the story-telling task was 'interjection', whereas that in the text-reading task was 'revision'. Second, the overall speech rates (syllables per second and syllables per minute) showed significant differences depending on the speech tasks. Third, the articulation rates (syllables per second and syllables per minute) showed significant differences depending on the speech tasks.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1585-1588
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical application of oriental medical therapy(OMT) to Speech retardation complained problems of Articulation & Reading fluency. We treated the patient with OMT & others. The recovery of Speech retardation was evaluated by Articulation correction test(ACT) & Reading fluency test(RFT). The applicability of OMT & other therapy has positive effects on the patient with Speech retardation complained problems of Articulation & Reading fluency. The scores of ACT & RFT were increased.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2008

In this paper, we developed a visual-auditory cue software for reading training of motor speech disorder patients. Motor speech disorder patients can use the visual and/or auditory cues for reading training and improving their symptom. The software provides some sentences with visual-auditory cues. Our sentences used for reading training are adequately comprised on modulation training according to a professional advice in speech therapy field. To ameliorate reading skills we developed two algorithms, first one is automatically searching the starting time of speech spoken by patients and the other one is removing auditory-cue from the recorded speech that recorded at the same time. The searching of speech starting time was experimented by 10 sentences per 6 subjects in four kinds of noisy environments thus the results is that $7.042{\pm}8.99[ms]$ error was detected. The experiment of the cancellation algorithm of auditory-cue was executed from 6 subjects with 1 syllable speech. The result takes improved the speech recognition rate $25{\pm}9.547[%]$ between before and after cancellation of auditory-cue in speech. User satisfaction index of the developed program was estimated as good.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1025-1032
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• 2014

Until now, there were few supports on reading the mathematical expressions except text based expressions, so it is important to provide the reading of the mathematical expressions. Also, there are various of obstacles for people who are not visually impaired when reading the mathematical expressions such as the situation of presbyopia, reading the mathematical expressions in the vehicles, and so on. Therefore, supports for people to read mathematical expressions in various situations are needed. In the previous research, the main goal was to transform the mathematical expressions into Korean text based on Content MathML. In this paper, we expanded the range of the research from a reading disabilities to people who are not reading disabilities. We tested appropriacy of the rules we made to convert the MathML based expressions into speech and defined 3 math-to-speech rules in korean based on levels. We implemented the mathematical expressions by using 3 math-to-speech rules. We took comprehension test to find out whether our math to speech rules are well-defined or not.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2021

읽기와 관련된 운율은 내용의 전체적인 맥락에 연결되어 독자가 전달하고자 하는 의미를 자연스럽게 표현할 수 있도록 음도, 강도, 발화속도 등의 변화로 나타난다. 읽기장애아동은 자연스러운 운율을 사용한 읽기에 어려움이 있어 표현력 있게 정보를 전달하지 못하는 경향이 있다. 이와 관련하여 본 연구는 문장 유형에 따른 읽기 과제를 통하여 읽기장애아동 집단과 일반아동 집단 간의 운율 특성 차이를 규명하였다. 초등학교 3-6학년 읽기장애아동 15명, 일반아동 15명을 대상으로 통사적으로 다양한 문장 유형(단문, 의도, 가정/조건, 관형절 내포문)에 따른 읽기 과제를 실시하였다. 읽기장애아동은 일반아동에 비해 음도 범위가 넓었으며 읽기 속도와 조음 속도가 느렸다. 또한 휴지 빈도가 높았으며 전체 휴지 지속시간도 길었다. 읽기장애아동은 문미 억양구와 문장 내 어절 단위 음도 기울기에서 일반아동에 비해 기울기 값이 컸으며 이상의 내용은 모두 통계적으로 유의하였다. 결과적으로 문장 유형에 따른 읽기 과제에서 읽기장애아동은 일반아동에 비해 자연스럽고 표현력 있는 읽기에 어려움을 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 읽기장애아동의 운율 특성을 파악하였고, 효과적인 중재를 위한 접근 방법의 필요성을 제시했다.