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완전중복 데이터베이스에서 갱신 규약을 적용한 거래 관리 (Transaction Management Using Update Protocol in Fully Replicated Databases)

  • 최희영;황부현
    • 정보처리학회논문지D
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    • 제9D권1호
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    • pp.11-20
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    • 2002
  • 본 논문은 가용성(Availability)과 신뢰성(Reliability)을 향상시키기 위한 완전중복 데이터베이스에서 거래들의 병행성(Parallelism)의 정도를 높이기 위한 동시성제어 알고리즘을 제안하고 있다. 갱신거래는 논리적으로 판독전용 거래와 갱신전용 거래로 이루어 졌다고 할 수 있다. 제안된 알고리즘에서는 판독연산들을 판독전용 거래로 취급하여 거래가 제출된 사이트에 있는 자료항목을 읽게 하고 갱신할 자료항목들을 모아 갱신전용 거래를 만들어 갱신규약을 통하여 모든 사이트에서 원자적으로 갱신이 이루어지도록 하고 있다. 제안된 알고리즘은 각 사이트에서 거래들이 동시에 수행될 수 있게 함으로서 거래들의 병행수행정도를 향상시킬 수 있다. 특히, 거래들 사이의 충돌빈도가 낮다면 보다 높은 병행수행 정도를 얻을 수 있다.

한류가 한국 음식에 대한 인식과 태도에 미치는 영향 -방한 일본인 관광객을 대상으로- (Impact of the 'Korean wave' on the Recognition and Attitudes to Korean Traditional Pood - Among Japanese Tourists Visiting Korea -)

  • 이연정
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제16권5호
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    • pp.497-505
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    • 2006
  • This questionnaire study was conducted to investigate the levels of recognition and attitude for Korean traditional food among Japanese tourists. The aim was to provide basic data for making a detailed marketing direction alignment of globalization and commercialization of Korean traditional food. The results can be summarized as follows. The 'Korean wave(Hanliu)' was 'the number of known Korean star performers'(3.77 points), 'the number of watched Korean dramas'(3.67 points), 'the number of watched Korean movies'(3.44 points), 'the number of owned Korean singer's tapes or CDs'(3.04 points), 'the number of read books'(2.83 points), and 'the number of viewed cartoons'(2.49 points), in order. The high-intake frequency of Korean traditional foods was 'Bibimbap', 'Galbigui', 'Baechookimchi', 'Bulgogi', 'Kkakdugi', 'Tteokbokki', 'Japchae', 'Galbitang', 'fajeon', and 'Namullyu' in order. On the other hand, the intake frequency of 'Songpyeon', 'Inielmi', 'Sikhye' and 'Sujeonggwa' was very low. The most effective 'Hanliu' item for raising the recognition of Korean traditional food was 'the number of read books'. The most effective 'Hanliu' item for raising the experience of Korean cooking was 'the number of read books', followed by 'the number of watched Korean movies', 'the number of watched Korean dramas', and 'the number of viewed cartoons' in order. The most effective 'Hanliu' item for raising the intake frequency of Korean traditional food was' the number of watched Korean dramas', followed by 'the number of watched Korean movies' and 'the number of read books' in order.

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A High Performance Co-design of 26 nm 64 Gb MLC NAND Flash Memory using the Dedicated NAND Flash Controller

  • You, Byoung-Sung;Park, Jin-Su;Lee, Sang-Don;Baek, Gwang-Ho;Lee, Jae-Ho;Kim, Min-Su;Kim, Jong-Woo;Chung, Hyun;Jang, Eun-Seong;Kim, Tae-Yoon
    • JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.121-129
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    • 2011
  • It is progressing as new advents and remarkable developments of mobile device every year. On the upper line reason, NAND FLASH large density memory demands which can be stored into portable devices have been dramatically increasing. Therefore, the cell size of the NAND Flash memory has been scaled down by merely 50% and has been doubling density each per year. [1] However, side effects have arisen the cell distribution and reliability characteristics related to coupling interference, channel disturbance, floating gate electron retention, write-erase cycling owing to shrinking around 20nm technology. Also, FLASH controller to manage shrink effect leads to speed and current issues. In this paper, It will be introduced to solve cycling, retention and fail bit problems of sub-deep micron shrink such as Virtual negative read used in moving read, randomization. The characteristics of retention, cycling and program performance have 3 K per 1 year and 12.7 MB/s respectively. And device size is 179.32 $mm^2$ (16.79 mm ${\times}$ 10.68 mm) in 3 metal 26 nm CMOS.

파이로시퀀싱을 이용한 상업용 전통누룩의 미생물 군집분석 (Microbial community analysis of commercial nuruk in Korea using pyrosequencing)

  • 박지희;김성건;이용재;정장호
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제50권1호
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    • pp.55-60
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    • 2018
  • 과거 전통방식으로 제조되는 4가지 상업용 시판누룩들을 파이로시퀀싱 방법을 이용하여 미생물군집을 확인하였다. 누룩시료의 진균류 총 유효 sequencing read수는 14,800이였으며 후속 quality trimming, denoising와 chimera removal와 같은 작업을 통해 얻은 평균 sequence read의 수는 3,494이였다. 진균류의 phylum 수준에서 SH, JJ, SS 시료에서는 자낭균류가 우세한 것으로 확인되었으나 SJ는 접합균류가 우세하였다. 발효력과 관계가 있는 것으로 알려진 Saccharomycopsis속 효모분포는 제조과정에서 상대적으로 발효시간이 길었던 SH와 SS의 경우에서 더 많았다. 세균류의 파이로시퀀싱결과 유효 sequencing read수는 31,485이였으며 평균 sequence read는 7,871이였다. 세균의 phylum 수준에서는 모든 시료에서 Firmicutes문이 우세한 것으로 분석되었다. SH의 경우 주로 Lactobacillus속, Leuconostoc속, 기타 Pediococcus속과 이를 포함하는 Lactobacillales목과 Leuconostocaceae과 등 젖산균들이 우세균주로 분포하였다. JJ와 SJ의 경우, 각각 Staphylococcus속과 Bacillus속이 우세균으로 나타났다.

현대(現代)의 독자(讀者)와 과거(過去)의 문학(文學) (The Modern Reader and The Past Literature)

  • 김균태
    • 고전문학과교육
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    • 제16호
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    • pp.5-27
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    • 2008
  • It is not a simple topic how let the modern readers read the past literature in the these days of digital. But even though the changes of the times, we must not let 'the paper-books(the thing written with letters)' disappear because of 'the audio-visual texts(the thing made with digital media as drama-opera, animated cartoon, animated image)'. The Electronic medias should be used so as helping for us to understand contents of the paper-books. Because of them, the paper-books must not be expelled. It is no need certainly for the reading materials to be made with Paper-books. For example, the electronic-books in order to read also would not become problems. Moreover, the electronic-books to be made with various electronic media can also provide the audio-visual materials for readers well to understand contents of the books. For that reason, the electronic-books would be helped to read effectively. Besides after reading the original texts, the readers to try the 'rewriting', with using the meanings for oneself to get from the texts would be able to make a synopsis or story-telling for other art performances. These works are things positively to be stimulated, because of giving the achievement motivations to the readers. To conclude, the audio-texts reading and the visual-texts reading should be developed so that the paper-books to be revitalize. And though the modern readers dislike to read the paper-books, We should try to make the audio-visual texts base on the paper-books. Therefore the paper-books and audio-visual texts are inter-complementary relationships, not competitive relationships.

Analysis of read speed latency in 6T-SRAM cell using multi-layered graphene nanoribbon and cu based nano-interconnects for high performance memory circuit design

  • Sandip, Bhattacharya;Mohammed Imran Hussain;John Ajayan;Shubham Tayal;Louis Maria Irudaya Leo Joseph;Sreedhar Kollem;Usha Desai;Syed Musthak Ahmed;Ravichander Janapati
    • ETRI Journal
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    • 제45권5호
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    • pp.910-921
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    • 2023
  • In this study, we designed a 6T-SRAM cell using 16-nm CMOS process and analyzed the performance in terms of read-speed latency. The temperaturedependent Cu and multilayered graphene nanoribbon (MLGNR)-based nanointerconnect materials is used throughout the circuit (primarily bit/bit-bars [red lines] and word lines [write lines]). Here, the read speed analysis is performed with four different chip operating temperatures (150K, 250K, 350K, and 450K) using both Cu and graphene nanoribbon (GNR) nano-interconnects with different interconnect lengths (from 10 ㎛ to 100 ㎛), for reading-0 and reading-1 operations. To execute the reading operation, the CMOS technology, that is, the16-nm PTM-HPC model, and the16-nm interconnect technology, that is, ITRS-13, are used in this application. The complete design is simulated using TSPICE simulation tools (by Mentor Graphics). The read speed latency increases rapidly as interconnect length increases for both Cu and GNR interconnects. However, the Cu interconnect has three to six times more latency than the GNR. In addition, we observe that the reading speed latency for the GNR interconnect is ~10.29 ns for wide temperature variations (150K to 450K), whereas the reading speed latency for the Cu interconnect varies between ~32 ns and 65 ns for the same temperature ranges. The above analysis is useful for the design of next generation, high-speed memories using different nano-interconnect materials.

국어 낭독체 발화의 운율경계 예측 (Prediction of Break Indices in Korean Read Speech)

  • 김효숙;김정원;김선주;김선철;김삼진;권철홍
    • 대한음성학회지:말소리
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    • 제43호
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2002
  • This study aims to model Korean prosodic phrasing using CART(classification and regression tree) method. Our data are limited to Korean read speech. We used 400 sentences made up of editorials, essays, novels and news scripts. Professional radio actress read 400sentences for about two hours. We used K-ToBI transcription system. For technical reason, original break indices 1,2 are merged into AP. Differ from original K-ToBI, we have three break index Zero, AP and IP. Linguistic information selected for this study is as follows: the number of syllables in ‘Eojeol’, the location of ‘Eojeol’ in sentence and part-of-speech(POS) of adjacent ‘Eojeol’s. We trained CART tree using above information as variables. Average accuracy of predicting NonIP(Zero and AP) and IP was 90.4% in training data and 88.5% in test data. Average prediction accuracy of Zero and AP was 79.7% in training data and 78.7% in test data.

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기록전용버퍼를 내장한 디스크배열 시스템의 성능분석 (Performance Analysis of Disk Array System with Write Dedicated Buffer)

  • 윤제현;전창호
    • 전자공학회논문지B
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    • 제31B권11호
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    • pp.11-19
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    • 1994
  • 중앙처리장치와 디스크장치 사이의 큰 속도 차이로 인해 발생하는 병목현상은 디스크 입출력을 수반하는 작업의 처리시간에 많은 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 디스크배열 시스템의 읽기요청에 대한 응답시간을 개선하기 위하여 기록전용버퍼를 내장할 것을 제안하고 그것의 스케쥴링정책과 개선효과를 정량적으로 분석한다. 시뮬레이션으로 비교분석함으로써 세 가지 스케쥴링 정책 가운데 부분스트라입결합 정책이 읽기와 기록응답시간 면에서 가장 효율적이며, 특히 분산형배열 시스템에 기록전용버퍼를 내장할 경우 요청율이 높을수록 읽기요청에 대한 응답시간의 개선효과가 크다는 것을 보인다.

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한국어 낭독체 문장의 음향분석 -바람과 햇님의 운율구 생성을 중심으로- (The Acoustic Analysis of Korean Read Speech - with respect to the prosodic phrasing -)

  • 성철재
    • 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한음성학회 1996년도 2월 학술대회지
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    • pp.157-172
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    • 1996
  • This study aims to suggest some theoretical methodology for analysis of the prosodic patterns in Korean Read Speech. The engineering effort relevant to the phonetic study has focused to the importance of prosodic phrasing which may play a major role in analyzing the phonetic DB. Before establishing the prosodic phrase as the prosodic unit, we should describe the features of the boundary signal in a target sentence. With this in mind, the general characteristics of Read Speech and the ToBI(tones and Break Indices), which has been currently in vogue with respect to the prosodic labelling system were presented as the first step. The concrete analysis was carried out with the fable 'North Wind and the Sun' Korean version, where about 25 prosodic units were discriminated by perceptual approach for 5 subjects. Establishing various informations which can be used for deciding a boundary position systematically, we can proceed to the next, viz. acoustic analysis of prosodic unit. The most important which we primarily study for improving the naturalness of synthetic speech may be, at first, detecting the boundary signals in the speech file and accordingly reestablishment it within the raw text.

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중학교 수학 교과서에 제시된 기호의 서술: 어떻게 읽고 이해할 것인가? (Symbol Statements in Middle School Mathematics Textbooks: How to Read and Understand Them?)

  • 백대현;이진희
    • 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.165-180
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    • 2011
  • 수학 학습에서 기호는 용어의 수학적 의미를 함축적으로 표현하여 용어와 관련된 학습 내용을 간결하게 나타낸다. 초등학교 수학 교과서의 기호는 기호를 처음 접하는 학생이 기호의 수학적 의미를 읽고 이해할 수 있게 제시되었다. 중학교 수학 교과서에서도 대부분의 기호는 읽고 이해할 수 있게 서술되었지만 교과서에 따라 기호 자체의 서술과 기호와 관련된 내용이 명확하지 않거나 서로 다르게 제시된 사례가 있다. 본 논문은 중학교 수학 교과서에서 기호를 읽고 이해할 수 있게 서술하는 것과 관련하여 교수 학습에 나타날 수 있는 문제점을 논의하고, 이에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다.

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