• Title/Summary/Keyword: Reactive Fluid

검색결과 120건 처리시간 1.924초

복수를 침범한 소세포형 T-세포 전림프구성 백혈병의 세포소견 -1예 보고- (Cytologic Features of Ascitic Fluid Complicated by Small Cell Variant T-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia -A Case Report -)

  • 한지영;김진수;김동훈;김루시아;박인서;김준미;주영채;최석진
    • 대한세포병리학회지
    • /
    • 제19권2호
    • /
    • pp.168-172
    • /
    • 2008
  • T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare, mature T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder with a post-thymic mature T-cell phenotype. The disease is characterized by rapidly rising lymphocytosis, lym-phadenopathy, and splenomegaly. The clinical course is usually aggressive and progresses with frequent skin lesions and serous effusions. In 25% of cases, leukemic cells are small and tumor cells may not have a discrete nucleolus under light microscopy. Although the presence of characteristic cytoplasmic protrusions or blebs in tumor cells is a common morphologic finding in the peripheral blood film irrespective of the nuclear features, small cell variants lacking the typical nuclear features can cause diagnostic problems in clinical cytology. Furthermore, the small leukemic cells can share some cytologic findings with lymphocyte-rich serous effusions caused by non-neoplastic reactive lymphocytosis as well as other small lymphocytic lymphoproliferative disorders. Here, we describe the cytological findings of ascitic fluid complicated by small cell variant T-PLL in a 54-year-old man, the cytology of which was initially interpreted as small lymphocytic malignancy such as small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

다공 포트 연소기 후기 챔버의 유동 및 성능 특성 연구 (Post-chamber Flow and Performance of the Multi-port Combustor)

  • 소정수;김소라;송재천;이동훈;윤창진;문희장
    • 한국항공운항학회지
    • /
    • 제15권4호
    • /
    • pp.17-23
    • /
    • 2007
  • This paper describes the flow and performance characteristics inside the post-chamber of the multi-port hybrid rocket motor. Using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique, the non reactive compressible flow fields in the downstream of the fuel grain was numerically calculated. The motor performance obtained from computational results were in agreement with that conducted by the ground motor firing test. Besides, the flow field characteristics inside the post-chamber were discussed under different port numbers (1 port and 3 ports) of the fuel grain. The flow pattern showed that the performance of multi-port hybrid rocket motor having three grain ports is higher than that of the single-port one due mainly to the difference of incoming mass flow rate irrespective to the pressure field.

  • PDF

Application of the Modified Reactive SPH Method for Simulating Explosions

  • ;여재익
    • 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국추진공학회 2011년도 제37회 추계학술대회논문집
    • /
    • pp.922-925
    • /
    • 2011
  • Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian method widely used for the modeling fluid flows. Simulations of explosions require, besides the hydrodynamic equations, a realistic equation of state, an energy source term, and a set of chemical kinetic equations to follow the composition changes of the gas during the explosion. The performance of the hydrodynamic equations is investigated in the framework of the Sedov-Taylor blast-wave. The implementation of chemical kinetic equations and equation of state is studied with 1D detonation of TNT slab. Our results are compared to those from analytical and experimental studies.

  • PDF

쇄석 골재의 알칼리-실리카 반응에 관한 실험적 연구(제 1보 : 반응성골재의 판정과 골재혼입율이 알칼리-실리카 반응에 미치는 영향) (A Experimental Study on the Alkali-Silica Reaction of Crushed Stones (Part 1 : The Identification of Reactive Aggregate and the Influence of Aggregate Content to the Alkali-Silica Reaction))

  • 윤재환;이영수;정재동;노재호;이양수;조일호
    • 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국콘크리트학회 1993년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
    • /
    • pp.103-107
    • /
    • 1993
  • The Alkali Aggregate Reaction(AAR), reported first by T. E. Stanton in 1940, is a reaction between certain siliceous aggregate and hydroxyl ions present in the pore fluid of a concrete. The damage of concrete structures, deteriorated by AAR, have been reported since using the crushed stones caused by the exhaustion of natural aggregates. This study was performed to investigate the AAR of crushed stones using chemical analysis, polarization microscope, XRD, chemical method(KS F 2545, ASTM C 289), mortar bar method(KS F 2546, ASTM C 227) and Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDXA) of reaction products by AAR in mortar bar.

  • PDF

쇄석 골재의 알칼리-실리카 반응에 관한 실험적 연구( 제 2보 : 첨가알칼리량 및 종류가 알칼리-실리카 반응에 미치는 영향) (A Experimental Study on the Alkali-Silica Reaction of Crushed Stones (Part 2 : The Influence of the Alkali Content and the Kind of Added Alkali to the Alkali-Silica Reaction))

  • 이영수;윤재환;정재동;노재호;이양수;조일호
    • 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국콘크리트학회 1993년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
    • /
    • pp.108-112
    • /
    • 1993
  • The term Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) is used to describe a reaction between certain siliceous aggregates and hydroxyl ions present in the pore fluid of a concrete. The ASR is affected by the content of alkali, the particle size and the content of reactive aggregate, water-cement ratio, humidity, temperature and so on. In this paper, the fluence of alkali content and kind of added alkali to the ASR was studied. As a result, the more the content of alkali was increased, the more the mortar-bar was expand and the expansion of mortar-bar was showed differently with the added alkali kinds, The reaction products by ASR were observed by SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) and analyzed by EDXA(Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis) also and showed a gel composed of alkali(Na+, K+), silica and calcium.

  • PDF

인몰드 코팅을 위한 이액형 폴리우레탄의 혼합특성에 관한 해석적 연구 (A Study on Mixing Characteristics of Two-component Polyurethane for In-mold Coating)

  • 이호상;김동미
    • 한국정밀공학회지
    • /
    • 제30권3호
    • /
    • pp.317-323
    • /
    • 2013
  • In-mold coating is a reactive fluid designed to improve the surface quality of injection molded thermoplastic substrate in functional and cosmetic properties. In this study, a mixing head for in-mold coating was designed, and mixing characteristics of two-component polyurethane flowing through runner were investigated based on flow simulations. In order to achieve uniform mixing of two components injected through straight mixing head, an impingement aftermixer was used in runner design. Semi-circular cross-section was better than circular one for runners for uniform mixing. With increasing runner length and flow rate, mixing became more uniform. In addition, the degree of mixing was more improved with decreasing viscosity of isocyanate.

박막을 이용한 저주파수 영역 덕트 소음 저감 방법 (Low Frequency Noise Reduction Inside Duct by Using Membrane)

  • 김양한
    • 한국소음진동공학회논문집
    • /
    • 제14권11호
    • /
    • pp.1083-1090
    • /
    • 2004
  • Two noise reduction systems are proposed in order to overcome the geometric restriction of the reactive muffler such as an expansion chamber. First, membrane is installed as a part of a duct wall and an air cavity is covered outside membrane. Second, membrane is installed inside a duct, which gives no volume change of the duct. Structural-acoustic coupling between membrane and fluid inside the cavity and duct causes rapid impedance mismatching and thereby reflected wave. Theoretical prediction is conducted by using modal expansion approach. The results are compared with the experimental results, which show better noise reduction performance than an expansion chamber.

박막을 이용한 저주파수 영역 덕트 소음 저감 방법 (Low frequency noise reduction inside duct by using membrane)

  • 전종훈;김양한
    • 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회논문집
    • /
    • pp.474-479
    • /
    • 2004
  • Two noise reduction systems are proposed in order to overcome the geometric restriction of the reactive muffler such as an expansion chamber. First, membrane is installed as a part of a duct wall and an air cavity is covered outside membrane. Second, membrane is installed inside a duct, which gives no volume change of the duct. Structural-acoustic coupling between membrane and fluid inside the cavity and duct causes rapid impedance mismatching and thereby reflected wave. Theoretical prediction is conducted by using modal expansion approach. The results are compared with the experimental results, which show better noise reduction performance than an expansion chamber.

  • PDF

플라즈마 챔버의 특성 분석 및 최적 설계를 위한 가상의 시뮬레이션 환경 개발 (Development of Virtual Integrated Prototyping Simulation Environment for Plasma Chamber Analysis and Design (VIP-SEPCAD))

  • 김헌창;설용태
    • 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
    • /
    • 제2권4호
    • /
    • pp.9-12
    • /
    • 2003
  • This paper describes a newly developed simulation environment for analysis and design of a plasma processing chamber based on first principles including complicated physical and chemical interactions of plasma, fluid dynamics of neutrals, and transport phenomena of particles. Capabilities of our simulator, named VIP-SEPCAD (Virtual Integrated Prototyping Simulation Environment for Plasma Chamber Analysis and Design), are demonstrated through a two dimensional simulation of an oxygen plasma chamber. VIP-SEPCAD can provide plasma properties such as spatiotemporal profiles of plasma density and potential, electron temperature, ion flux and energy, etc. By coupling neutral and particle transport models with a three moment plasma model, VIP-SEPCAD can also predict spatiotemporal profiles of chemically reactive species and particles exist in plasma.

  • PDF

흉수의 감별에 있어서 procalcitonin과 C-반응성단백의 유용성 (Diagnostic Value of Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein in Differentiation of Pleural Effusions)

  • 김상하;박주영;박현숙;서희석;김신태;김종환;이부길;이석정;이선녕;노진규;이민수;리원연;용석중;신계철
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
    • /
    • 제63권4호
    • /
    • pp.353-361
    • /
    • 2007
  • 연구 배경: 흉수의 감별을 위해 염증지표로 알려진 procalcitonin과 CRP를 흉수와 혈청에서 각각 측정하여, 삼출액과 여출액의 감별과 삼출성 흉수의 다양한 원인들에 대한 감별에 유용한지 확인하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2005년 10월 1일부터 2006년 9월 30일까지 흉수로 입원하였거나 입원 중에 흉수가 발생하였던 총 198명을 전향적으로 연구하였으며, 원인 질환으로 한 가지의 정확한 진단이 가능하였던 178명을 분석하였다. 악성 흉수 57명, 결핵성 흉수 51명, 부폐렴성 흉수 31명, 농흉 5명, 기타 원인의 양성 흉수 7명과 여출성 흉수 27명이었으며, 대상 환자의 혈청과 흉수에서 procalcitonin과 CRP를 포함한 측정값을 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 흉수 procalcitonin과 CRP는 여출액과 비교하여 삼출액에서 유의한 증가를 보였고, 흉수 CRP가 2.06 mg/dL 이상일 때 특이도 96.3%, 민감도 45.0%로 삼출액을 감별할 수 있었다. 악성 흉수와 비교하였을 때에도 흉수 procalcitonin과 CRP는 양성 흉수에서 유의한 증가를 보였고, 흉수 CRP가 2.28 mg/dL 이상일 때 특이도 86.0%, 민감도 53.2%로, 흉수 procalcitonin이 0.11 ng/mL 이상일 때 특이도 84.2%, 민감도 40.4%로 양성 흉수를 감별할 수 있었다. 또한 흉수 procalcitonin은 비결핵성 흉수에서 유의한 증가를 보였다. 결론: 흉수에서 CRP와 procalcitonin을 측정하는 것은 삼출액과 여출액의 감별뿐 아니라 삼출성 흉수의 다양한 원인들 감별 등에 보조적으로 사용하기에 유용하다.