• PNF and Movement
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2013

Purpose : The neurologically impaired patients have sensory, motor, cognition, perception problems which cause reduction of body schema, balance control and postural control provoke disfunction. The purpose of this case report was to evaluate effects on gait&balance upon improvement of postural control for left hemiplegia. Methods : This study has performed single subject design from March to April 2013 for 6 weeks. The subject of this study was a 67years old female patient with left hemiplegia. Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and Functional Reach (FR) test were used as evaluation tool. The subject was treated 5 times a week for 30 minutes each. Results : The result is that the walking velocity was decreased, the ability of gait was improved than before the training. The length of FR was increased from 8.33cm to 22.67cm. Conclusion : According to the results, the treatment improves subject's ability of walking in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.19-27
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• 2015

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of pressure sense perception training (PSPT) on various surfaces on the somatosensory system, balance, and walking ability in chronic stroke patients. METHODS: Thirty patients with stroke participated in this study and were randomly assigned to one of three groups; group 1 received the general physical therapy and the PSPT on a stable surface, group 2 received the general physical therapy and the PSPT on an unstable surface, and group 3 received the general physical therapy alone. Participants in group 1 and group 2 underwent 30 min/session, 3 days per week, for 4 weeks. Pressure error (PE) was used to evaluate changes of proprioception. The Balancia, Functional reach test (FRT), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) were used to assess the balance ability, and the 10m Walking Test (10-MWT) was used to assess walking ability. RESULTS: Experimental groups (group 1 and group 2) showed significant differences in PE, FRT, TUG, and 10-MWT compared to the control group (p <0.05). Group 2 (PSPT on an unstable surface) was significantly different in PE, FRT, and 10-MWT from group 1 (p <0.05). No significant differences were observed for other measures. CONCLUSION: Pressure sense perception training on an unstable surface might be a significantly more effective method for improving somatosensory function, balance, and walking ability, than PSPT on a stable surface.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of side walking training combined with squats on the balance and gait ability of stroke patients. The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental data regarding the use of side walking training combined with squats among stroke patients. Methods: Thirty patients with stroke were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=15) that underwent side walking training combined with squats and a control group (n=15) that performed general rehabilitation exercises. Both groups performed their respective exercises for 30 minutes, five times a week for six weeks. Balance was assessed using the functional reach test and timed up and go test, while gait ability was evaluated using the 10-meter walk test. A paired t-test was performed to compare within-group changes before and after the intervention. Differences between the experimental and control groups were analyzed using an independent t-test. For all tests, the level of statistical significance was set at α=0.05. Results: After the exercise, significant within-group improvements in balance and gait ability were observed in both the experimental and control groups (p<0.05). There was also a significant between-group difference in balance and gait ability following the intervention (p<0.05). Conclusion: While general rehabilitation is commonly employed in treating stroke patients and is relatively effective, the application of side walking training combined with squats may offer additional benefits in terms of improving balance and gait ability in these patients.

• Advanced Industrial SCIence
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 2024

This study aimed to examine the changes in dynamic balance exercises after performing lunge exercises on unstable surfaces and on the ground. Participants were divided into a BOSU training group, a balance pad training group, and a ground training group, and performed lunge exercises. As a result, the functional reach test significantly increased in both the BOSU training group and the ground training group, while the Y-balance test significantly increased only in the balance pad training group. No significant differences were found between the groups. Through this study, it was confirmed that although differences between lunge exercises on the ground and on unstable surfaces were not identified, lunge exercises do influence balance ability.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to examine whether balance training through stabilization exercise had influence on the improvement of stroke patients' ability in balancing, and to understand whether the effects had the differences to traditional balance training, if it had effects. Subjects were divided into two groups, a stabilization exercise group(n=28) and a conventional balance exercise group (n=28), and a balance exercise program was conducted twice a day, 30 min for 1 time, 10 times a week for 4 weeks. After the program, the stabilization exercise showed significant improvement of balance ability in Bug Balance Scales (BBS), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), comparing with the status of pre －training, as well as the conventional balance training (p<.05). Independent samples t－test was executed in order to verify the significancy in the effects between the two groups and the result showed significant improvement in their average value after training for BBS. However, there was no significant difference in TUG and FRT. As a result, it was examined that partially, there was significant difference only in BBS. According to the results as presented above, if stabilization exercise, which can apply diverse movements and postures, properly keeps pace with conventional balance exercise, stroke patients would obtain significant effects on the improvement of balance ability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.372-378
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of side walking training with an elastic-band on gait and balance ability of stroke patients. Methods: Twenty three patients with stroke participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to the side walking with elastic-band group (n=7), the side walking without elastic-band group (n=8), and the walking on the treadmill group (n=8);. 10 m walking test (10MWT), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and modified Functional Reach Test (mFRT) were performed for evaluatione of pre- and post-intervention in gait and balance ability of participants. Results: Significantly differences in 10 MWT, DGI, BBS, and mFRT were observed between pre- and post-intervention in three groups (p<0.05). Improvement of pre- and post-intervention of mFRT showed significant difference (p<0.05). The highest rate of change was observed in the side walking with elastic-band group and rate of change showed in the order of the side walking without elastic-band group, walking on the treadmill group. Conclusion: This study suggests that side walking training with an elastic-band may help to improve gait and balance ability of stroke patients.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.149-167
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• 2009

This study was aimed to examine problem-solving ability of fifth graders on two types of mathematical essay problems, and to analyze the process of mathematical justification in solving the essay problems. For this purpose, a total of 14 mathematical essay problems were developed, in which half of the items were single tasks and the other half were data-provided tasks. Sixteen students with higher academic achievements in mathematics and the Korean language were chosen, and were given to solve the mathematical essay problems individually. They then were asked to justify their solution methods in groups of 4 and to reach a consensus through negotiation among group members. Students were good at understanding the given single tasks but they often revealed lack of logical thinking and representation. They also tended to use everyday language rather than mathematical language in explaining their solution processes. Some students experienced difficulty in understanding the meaning of data in the essay problems. With regard to mathematical justification, students employed more internal justification by experience or mathematical logic than external justification by authority. Given this, this paper includes implications for teachers on how they need to teach mathematics in order to foster students' logical thinking and communication.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.11-19
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• 2017

Purpose : This study examined the effects of balance training using virtual reality program on sitting balance ability and activities of daily living (ADL) in stroke patients. Method : In the study, 20 patients with hemiplegia were divided into two groups: experiment group (EG) of 10 patients and control group(CG) of 10 patients. The two groups received general occupational therapy for 30 minutes, per day, at a rate of 5 times per week for 6 weeks. The EG was additionally conducted which was performed virtual reality balance training and the CG was conducted general occupational therapy balance training for 30-minutes, once a day, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Result : The evaluations of this study included: limit of stability(LOS), modified Functional Reach Test(mFRT), and modified Barthel Index(MBI). The patients were evaluated before and after their six week training programs. Significant differences in the LOS, mFRT, MBI were found between pretest and posttest scores in both the EG and CG groups(p<.05). Also, LOS, mFRT, MBI were significant different between the groups at post-test(p<.05). Conclusion : The study findings suggest that virtual reality balance training can improve sitting balance and ADL ability in stroke patients.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.183-206
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether using English newspapers as supplementary teaching materials for the present textbook could increase students' English reading ability, interest in class and their willingness to take an active part in activities. Schools in rural areas, compared to urban schools, did not have the appropriate resources to teach students effectively. Understanding the disadvantages of the students in rural areas, one idea was to use newspapers to inspire the students to reach outside their local community and incorporate new styles of English and cultural aspects into their lives. The participants were 2nd grade high school students in the rural area. The experimental group received reading lessons with the textbook and English newspapers. They were also encouraged to make their own portfolios. The control group received reading lessons with the textbook and other supplementary materials. Before and after the experiment, reading comprehension tests as well as the questionnaires of interest and self-directed learning were administered. The results of this study were as follows: First, students' English reading ability was significantly improved in the experimental class using English newspapers. Second, students' interest and self-directed learning were positively increased in the same class above.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

Postural stability can reduce the likelihood of critical slip and fall accidents in workplaces. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of shoes type on the ability of postural control during quiet standing. The effect of workload on the body balance was also of primary concern. Thirteen healthy male undergraduate students participated voluntarily in the experimental study. Standing on a force plate with wearing slippers, sports shoes, or safety shoes, two-axis coordinate on subjects' center of pressures (COP) was obtained in the two levels, rest and workload. For the workload level, subjects performed treadmill exercise to reach the predetermined level of physical workload. By converting the position coordinates of COPs, the postural sway length in both anterior-posterior (AP) axis and medio-lateral (ML) axis was assessed. ANOVA results showed that, in AP direction, wearing slippers significantly increased the postural sway length compared to wearing sports shoes or safety shoes. No significant difference in the mean sway length in AP axis was observed between sports shoes and safety shoes. In ML direction, both the workload and the shoes type did not significantly affect the mean length of postural sway. However, the postural sway length increased marginally with the slippers especially during the workload condition. This study explains wearing slippers may interfere with the ability of postural control during quiet standing. Physical workload decreases the ability of postural stability further.