• Applied Microscopy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.267-270
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• 2010

The skin is the largest organ of the integument system whose surface is closely related with many physiological and pathological conditions. Various methods are used to understand the structural and functional status of human skin. We would like to present usefulness of scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation of skin replica and its significance of training module for a novice. The silicon replicas from several regions of the body (hand, finger, forearm, lip, and face) were casted by applying Exafine$^{(R)}$ mixture. The positive replicas were prepared by applying EPON 812 mixture on negative silicon replicas. Some of the negative silicon replicas were cut with a razor blade and surface profiles were observed. The negative and positive replicas were coated with platinum and were observed under the scanning electron microscope. We could investigate the detailed structures of the human skin surface without any physical damage to the subject. The positive replicas depicted real surface structure of the human skin vividly. The cross sectional view of the negative silicon replicas provided surface profile clearly. The scanning electron microscopic observation of the human skin replicas would be useful to study skin surface structures and to evaluate medical and esthetical applications.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2001

10cm-diameter Si(100)∥$1.3\mu\textrm{m}$-X$1.3_2$X$1.3\mu\textrm{m}$-$SiO_2$∥Si(100) afers were prepared using a fast linear annealing (FLA) equipment. 1.3$\mu\textrm{m}$-thick $SiO_2$ films were grown by dry oxidation process. After cleaning and premating the wafers in a class 100 clean room, they were heat treated using with the FLA and conventional electric furnace. Bonded area and bond strength of wafer pairs were measured using a infrared (IR) camera and razor blade crack opening method, respectively. It was confinmed that the bonded area by FLA was around 99% and the bond strength value reached 2172mJ/$\m^2$, which is equivalent to theoritical bond strength. Our result implies that thick $SiO_2$ SOI may be prepared more easily by using $SiO_2$$SiO_2$ bonding interfaces then those of Si/$SiO_2$'s.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.296-302
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• 2014

The foliage of variegated Solomon's seal is excellent in cut flower arrangements. However, it has a restricted marketing period because the harvesting is limited in spring and summer. The increased interest requires the year-round production, thus techniques for dormancy breaking and forcing without low temperature treatment is needed. Therefore, experiments were conducted to d etermine whether gibberellic acid (GA) could break dormancy in variegated Solomon's seal. Thes prouting of dormant bud did not occur throughout the experiment when $GA_3$ $400mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was applied to dormant rhizomes as a soil drench. However, when plants were treated with a GA drench after scratch with razor blade or were given direct injection of GA, percent sprouting was increased up to 100 or 83.3%, respectively. However, because treatments with razor or syringe may damage internal organs, we tested another method, scarifying the rhizomes with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Rhizome scarification with 4% NaOCl for 6 or 24 hours followed by drench of $GA_3$ $400mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ increased the dormancy breaking percentage to 70 or 86.7%, respectively. Moreover, scarified and GA-treated rhizomes produced more leaves than untreated or GA-soil drenched plants in the glasshouse. These results showed the possibility of year-round production of variegated Solomon's seal foliage with rhizome scarification and GA treatments.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.341-344
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• 2008

Purpose: Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant multisystemic neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by the development of multiple hamartoma distributed through the body, skin, brain, heart, kidney, and lung. The classic triad is seizure, mental retardation, and facial angiofibroma. We experienced a case of a tuberous sclerosis associated with the facial lesion and multiple masses on scalp, forehead, and right lower extremity. Methods: This a 34-year-old male patient had subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in brain and multiple angiomyolipoma in both kidneys. Tangential excision with razor blade and dermabrasion were done on the centrofacial area. We excised other lesions and the mass on scalp was excised and covered with split thickness skin graft. Results: The histopathological finding revealed that the facial lesion was angiofibroma and the others were multiple fibroma. Conclusion: In our case of tuberous sclerosis, we chose the tangential excision to remove the large nodules of angiofibroma, and then dermabrasion was used to smooth the final contour. The patient appeared to have a good results from this treatment modality. But, tuberous sclerosis is an disease that needs long term follow-up to check up the recurrence of skin problem.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1998

The highest transformation frequency was observed when cotyledonary and hypocotyl explants of flowering cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC) 'Eunbae' were cultured on shoot induction medium without kanamycin for 1 day, then cocultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404;;pGA1036 harboring tomato inhibitor II promoter and $\beta$-glucuronidae (GUS) fusion gene for 3 days. These explants were transferred to MS medium containing 20 mg/L kanamycin, 500 mg/L carbenicillin, and 1 mg/L BA. The explants were subsequently subcultured every 2 weeks. Incorporation of the GUS gene into flowering cabbage was confirmed by PCR analysis of DNA. Southern blot analysis showed that ECL-labeled GUS gene was hybridized to the expected amplified genomic DNA fragment of about 366 bp from transgenic flowering cabbage. Histochemical analysis based on the enzymatic activity of the GUS protein indicated that PI-II promoter activity was sysmatically associated with vascular tissue in wonded as well as in non-wounded leaves, petioles and stems, but not in roots. Partial wounding with razor blade showed not systemic induction but partial induction.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.117-120
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• 2002

We investigated the possibility of direct bonding of the Si ∥SiO$_2$/Si$_3$N$_4$∥Si wafers for Oxide-Nitride-Oxide(ONO) gate oxide applications. 10cm-diameter 2000$\AA$-thick thermal oxide/Si(100) and 500$\AA$-Si$_3$N$_4$LPCVD/Si (100) wafers were prepared, and wet cleaned to activate the surface as hydrophilic and hydrophobic states, respectively. Cleaned wafers were premated wish facing the mirror planes by a specially designed aligner in class-100 clean room immediately. Premated wafer pairs were annealed by an electric furnace at the temperatures of 400, 600, 800, 1000, and 120$0^{\circ}C$ for 2hours, respectively. Direct bonded wafer pairs were characterized the bond area with a infrared(IR) analyzer, and measured the bonding interface energy by a razor blade crack opening method. We confirmed that the bond interface energy became 2,344mJ/$\m^2$ when annealing temperature reached 100$0^{\circ}C$, which were comparable with the interface energy of homeogenous wafer pairs of Si/Si.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.61-63
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• 1978

Both bark and wood sections obtained, by cutting with a razor blade, from living tissue of Cronartium ribicola cankers of Korean white pine (Pinus koraiensis) were transferred to a mixture of 2 parts of chloroform and 1 part of methanol, and the sections were stained using a modified lactophenol cotton blue. The formula for this staining is as follows: Lactic acid 20gm, phenol crystal 20gm, cotton blue 0.05gm, and 60% EtOH 100ml. The rust hyphae and haustoria were stained blue, and the wide hyphae with straight or curved haustoria could be distingwished from the pine tissue.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.304-307
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• 2013

Food bolus impaction is the most common cause of esophageal foreign body obstruction in adults. Other causes include intentional ingestion in psychiatric patients or prison inmates. We experienced successful treatment of a patient with intentional ingestion of multiple sharp foreign bodies(25 cutter and razor fragments). A 47-year-old male patient who was suffering from chronic alcoholism was admitted, via the emergency room, with dysphagia and neck pain. He was suffering from alcoholic liver cirrhosis and psychiatric problems, such as chronic alcoholism, anxiety disorder and insomnia. The patient had intended to leave the hospital after having swallowed the sharp objects. Plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scan showed multiple, scattered metal fragments in the esophagus, stomach, and small bowel. We performed emergent endoscopy and successfully removed one impacted blade in the upper esophagus using by a snare with an overtube. The rest of the fragments had already passed through the pylorus, so we could not find them with endoscopy. We checked the patient with simple abdominal radiographs and careful physical examinations every day. All remaining fragments were uneventfully excreted through stool during the patient's 6 day hospital stay. Finally, we were able to confirm the presence of the objects in the stool, and radiographs were negative. The patient was discharged without complications after 14 days hospital stay and then was followed by the Department of Psychiatry.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.188-194
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• 2003

Rust-spot on North American ginseng roots (Panax quinquefolius L.) is considered a physiological, not a pathological disorder. Ginseng rust-spot starts as an orange spot on the surface of the root and may spread forming a sunken, round to irregular lesion. 5 mm in diameter. Pieces of root, 7 mm in length and containing a rust-spotted lesion, were embedded in agar and sectioned using a vibratome. These sections and hand sections, cut with a two-sided razor blade, were examined using fluorescence microscopy. The 4-5 cell layers of the periderm were destroyed in the area of the lesion and orange substance:, were deposited in and around the lesion. Sections stained with vanillin-HCI and viewed using bright field microscopy confirmed that the orange substances were phenolic compounds. Scanning electron micros-copy showed that the periderm had pulled away from the root, or was completely destroyed, in the area of the lesion. The smooth surface of the lesion indicates the deposition of phenolic compounds in surrounding cells as a wound response. Roots sprayed or dipped in ethephon (1500 mgㆍL$^{-1}$ ) developed rust-spots, more so at 21$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ than at 3$\pm$0.2$^{\circ}C$. Roots held at 21$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ were yellowish and developed white cell proliferations. Comparable control roots also developed rust-spots likely due to the high undecomposed organic matter content of the incubation soilless mix.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 2023

This study was conducted to determine the dormancy types and optimal germination conditions of Prunus mandshurica seeds. The pericarp of P. mandshurica seeds was presumed to be the reason for their poor water absorption. After the pericarp was removed with a razor blade, germination was observed to be less than 20.0% at all temperatures except at 5℃, suggesting the presence of physiological dormancy. Germination gradually increased at 5℃ after the removal of seed coat, reaching a final germination rate of 86.7% at 14 weeks of incubation. Based on these results, P. mandshurica seeds have a physiological dormancy. When seeds with removed pericarp were subjected to cold stratification, the germination percentage (rate) in the control group was low even at 16 weeks; however, the germination percentages in the 4, 8, and 12-week cold stratification groups were notably high with 93.3, 73.3, and 100.0%, respectively. The control group in the GA3 treatment experiment with seed coats removed showed minimal germination, but at 10 weeks, the germination percentage rose to 98.3% when treated with GA3 at 100 mg/L. Thus, it is necessary to scarify or completely remove the pericarp of P. mandshurica seeds to promote germination. After pericarp removal, it is important to subject the seeds to cold stratification at 5℃ for at least 4 weeks or treat them with GA3 at 100 mg/L.