• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.310-316
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• 2002

In this study, the effects of oxide layer formed on the wear tracks of TiN coated silicon wafer on friction and wear characteristics were investigated. Silicon wafer was used for the substrate of coated disk specimens, which were prepared by depositing TiN coating with $1{\mu}m$ in coating thickness. AISI 52100 steel ball was used for the counterpart. The tests were performed both in air for forming oxide layer on the wear track and in nitrogen to avoid oxidation. This paper reports characterization of the oxide layer effects on friction and wear characteristics using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sliding tests.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.172-179
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• 1998

The effects of $^{60}Co\;{\gamma}-Ray$ irradiation on TSC characteristics of TFE type polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) were investigated. The $\alpha$ peak on TSC curve of PTFE was decreased, while the $\beta$ peak was reversely increased by the increasing of $\gamma$-irradiation doses up to 80 krad(0.8 kGy). Moreover, $\alpha$ and $\beta$ peaks on TSC curve of the irradiated PTFE are changed with the increasing of the forming temperature and forming electric field. In annealing the irradiated PTFE specimens at room temperature in air, it was shown a continuous recovery of TSC characteristics with time, which is assumed the traped charge carriers are liberated from the shallow traps and undergoes a recombination process during room temperature decay.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1995.11a
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• pp.89-93
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• 1995

Effects of hydrogenation in amorphous silicon rile growths on Solid Phase Crystallization (SPC) was investigated using x-ray diffractometry, energy dispersive Spectroscopy, and Raman spectrum. Interdiffusion of barium(Ba) and aluminum(Al) compounds of corning substrate was observed in both of rf sputtering and LFCVD films under the low temperature(580$^{\circ}C$) annealing. Low degree of crystallinity resulted from the interdiffusion was obtained. Highly applicable degree of crystallinity was obtained through the mechanical damage induced surface activation on amorphous silicon films. X-ray diffraction intensity of (111) orientation was used to characterize the degree of crystallinity of SPC. Nucleation and growth rate in SPC could be controllable through the employed surface treatment. IIydrogenated LPCVD films showed the superior crystallinity to non-hydrogenated sputtering films. Insignificant effects of activation treatment in sputtered film was of activation treatment in sputtered film was observed on SPC.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.76-79
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• 2012

$Tb_3Al_5O_{12}:Ce$ (TAG:Ce) thin films were successfully deposited by a pulsed laser ablation method on a quartz substrate, and low-temperature post-annealing effects on luminescent properties were investigated in detail. TAG:Ce thin films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The as-deposited films were amorphous, and post-annealing above $700^{\circ}C$ was required for crystallization. The post-annealed TAG:Ce thin films showed strong and broad emission bands around 542 nm and excitations at 451 nm, which all corresponded to transitions between the 4f ground level to the $5d^1$ excited levels of Ce ion.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.8 no.1_2
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• pp.5-10
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• 1965

The effect of radioactive sulfur-35 on the growth and tissue respiration in rye, Secale cereale L., seedlings were studied in this investigation. The growth and respiration rate of the materials treated with the different intensities of radioactivity, represented by the different concentration(${\mu}c$) of radioactive sulfur were shown similar effects in treated groups as those of Gamma-ray or X-ray irradiation on plant materials. However, in the groups of ($0.1{\mu}c$ and ($0.4{\mu}c$ S35-solution, the growth and respiration rate were stimulated somewhat more clearly than in case of control. And the higher concentration groups, $1.6{\mu}c$, $6.4{\mu}c$, and $25.6{\mu}c$ were depressed of the growth and tissue respiration rate. The present data could be explained on the basis that the higher concentration treatments with the radioactive isotope did produce injury to the plant metabolism generally, but the moderate treatment would stimulate to the plant growth and tissue respiration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.15-19
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• 2002

In this work, the surface modification of carbon/epoxy composites was investigated using UV (ultraviolet ray) surface treatment to increase adhesion strength between the carbon/epoxy composites and adhesives. After UV surface treatment, XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) tests were performed to analyze the surface characteristics of the carbon/epoxy composites. Comparing adhesion strengths with the surface characteristics, the effects of the surface modification of carbon/epoxy composites by UV surface treatments on the adhesion strengths were investigated.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2003

We have examined the relationship between the speeds of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and the GOES X-ray peak fluxes of associated flares. Noting that previous studies were possibly affected by projection effects and random association effects, we have considered two sets of carefully selected CME-flare events: four homologous events and four well-observed limb events. In the respective samples, good correlations are found between the CME speeds and the GOES X-ray peak fluxes of the associated flares. A similarly good correlation is found for all eight events of both samples when the CME speeds of the homologous events are corrected for projection effect. Our results suggest that a close relationship possibly exists between CME kinematics and flaring processes.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.362-368
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• 2007

To study the relationship between elementary biochemical states and structural states of the actomyosin crossbridges in muscle, the effects of binding of MgADP to myosin heads in the rigor muscle were examined by X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. X-ray diffraction studies have been made to investigate the effects of binding of ADP on the structure of glycerinated rabbit skeletal muscle in the rigor state. The intensity increase was accompanied by a slight but distinct decrease in the 5.9 am layer-line intensity close to the meridian. These results strongly suggest that myosin heads altered their attached conformation in the proximal end toward the plane perpendicular to the fiber axis when MgADP was bound to them. We found that the intensity of the 14.5 nm-based meridional reflections increase by 20-50% when MgADP was added to the rigor muscle in the presence of hexokinase and myokinase inhibitor.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.1013-1018
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• 1996

The annealing effects of Au/Te/Au/n-GaAs structure was investigated by using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, the specific contact resistance and I-V measurement. Increasing the annealing temperature, the intensity of Au-Ga peak by X-ray diffraction was increased. The Ga$\_$2/Te$\_$3/peak got evident for the samples annealed at 400.deg. C and GaAs peak by recrystallization appeared for the samples annealed at 500.deg. C. The variation from the schottky to low resistance contact was confirmed by I-V curve. The lowest value of the specific contact resistance of the samples annealed at 500.deg. C was 3.8*10$\^$-5/.ohm.-cm$\^$2/ but the value increased above 600.deg. C.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the effects of shutter control by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering using Inductively-Coupled Plasma(ICP) for obtaining ZnO thin films with high purity. The surface morphologies and structure of deposited ZnO thin films were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and X-ray Diffractometer (XRD). Also, optical and chemical properties of ZnO thin films were analyzed by Spectroscopic Ellipsometer (SE) and X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As a result, it observed that ZnO thin films grown at reactive sputtering using shutter control and ICP were higher density, lower surface roughness, better crystallinity than other conventional sputtering deposition methods. For obtaining better quality deposition ZnO thin films, we will investigate the effects of substrate temperature and RF power on shutter control by a reactive magnetron sputtering using inductively-coupled plasma.