• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.144-152
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• 2001

In order to improve functionality of kochujang which is one of the traditional foods of Korea, sea tangle powder(2, 4, 6 and 8% sea tangle powder on the glutinous rice weight basis) was added to the raw material of kochujang and then investigated the change of physiochemical properties with control kochujang during the fermentation at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 120 days. During 120 days fermentation, moisture and crude protein contents were gradually decreased with fermentation time, whereas crude fat content NaCl were slightly increased with fermentation time. The contents of reducing sugar of sea tangle kochujang was rapidly increased until 60 days of fermentation after that it was increased slightly up to 90 days of fermentation to the highest value and then reduced slightly or not changed approximately until 120 days. pH was reduced up to 60 days of fermentation after that it remained 4.63~4.91 in 90~120 days. Acidity was increased with fermentation time, and it was the highest value of 11.5~12.4$m\ell$ in 120 days of fermentation. Viscosity was increased with increased with fermentation time. Especially a case of additional sample of 8% sea tangle powder was highly increased until 60 days. A case of color difference value, in initial time of preparation of kochujang was distinct difference of value for additional samples respectively but as the fermentation progressed, among the samples not found consistent change of color difference value. L value was gradually decreased during fermentation. A value was decreased up to 30 days of fermentation and it was increased again totally at 60 days of fermentation. B value was decreased totally at initial time of fermentation and a case of control was increased again at 90 days of fermentation, the other samples increased again 60 days earlier than 30 days.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.109-112
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 6종의 E. coli 및 S. aureus 유래 박테리오파지 용액에 존재하는 내독소 함량 조사와 파지의 세포독성 여부에 대해 평가하였다. 대표적인 생물학적 내독소 시험법인 LAL assay을 시행하여 9-10 log PFU/mL 농도의 내독소 함량을 확인한 결과, 파지의 임상적용에는 부적합한 수치이나 식품에 존재하는 병원균의 살균 목적의 사용에는 매우 유해하지 않은 수치임을 확인할 수 있었다. 박테리오파지 용액의 세포독성평가를 확인하기 위해 MTT 분석을 시행하여 세포 생존율을 확인하였다. E. coli 파지 용액과 S. aureus 파지 용액 처리군 모두에서 98% 이상의 생존율이 관찰되어 파지용액에 존재하는 내독소 및 파지가 세포독성을 유발하지 않는다는 것을 확인하였다. 그러므로 일반적인 방법으로 증폭, 농축한 파지 용액은 인체에 대한 유해성이 적으며 식품에 살균소독제로 적용하더라도 문제가 없을 것으로 사료된다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to identify the content of phenolic and volatile organic compounds in edible and non-edible parts of 'Seolhyang' strawberry plants. We performed a comparative chemical analysis of the compounds found in roots, leaves, petioles, runners, and unripe and ripe fruits during vegetative propagation and reproductive growth. The contents of ellagic and gallic acids in the leaves of runner plants during vegetative propagation were $7.36{\pm}1.10$ and $5.07{\pm}3.66mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ FW, respectively, and were higher than those in the other parts. The main volatile organic compound was identified as 3-hexen-1-ol, and it was mostly detected in leaves. The content of ellagic acid in leaves during reproductive growth was $12.96{\pm}2.30mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ FW, while that in the other parts was below $6.00mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ FW. The content of gallic acid in unripe fruits was $2.75{\pm}0.48mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ FW and was higher than that in the other parts. Ripe fruits contained the lowest contents of ellagic and gallic acids but contained the most diverse volatile organic compounds, including sesquiterpenes, among the tested plant parts. The results indicate that non-edible parts (e.g., leaves and unripe fruits) of strawberry plants can be used as a raw material for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, and edible parts (i.e., ripe fruits) can be available for making an essential oil.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2002

The number of food establishments selling raw and convenience foods are increasing in Korea, and people enjoy purchasing and eating foods at these shops. However, there are only a few reports on the temperature control of the refrigerators and freezers at retail food shops. This study was performed to investigate the temperature control of refrigerators and freezers in retail food shops in Daegu. The survey was carried out from July 20 to August 30 in 2001. The trained surveyors visited the twenty retail food shops (four department stores, eight marts/supermarkets and eight convenience stores) in the 8 major areas of Daegu and inspected the temperature control of 48 refrigerators for dairy products, fruits & vegetables, and rolled rice & sandwiches, and 52 freezers for ice cream & sherbet, frozen food, and frozen fish. The percentage of the refrigerators, and freezers with unsafe temperatures higher than the recommended safe temperature (10℃ for refrigerators, and -18℃ for freezers) was 42%; 45.8% in refrigerators; 38.5% in freezers. On an average, the bigger the size of the shop, the better than the other freezers. On the other hand, the temperature control of refrigerator for fruits & vegetables was the worst because they were usually open. Actual temperatures in the refrigerators and freezers were found to be significantly higher than the reading on the thermometers attached to the refrigerators and freezers(p<0.05). These results indicate that temperature control of refrigerators and freezers at retail food shops should be monitored several times each day, and should have strict inspection. There should be more detailed legal standard and specification for temperature control of refrigerators and freezers at retail food shops to prevent foodborne illness from unsafely stored food.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.387-390
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• 1985

홍미삼엑기스를 제조할 때 추출용매와 그 농도 및 추출온도와 추출시간 등의 추출조건이 홍삼엑기스의 조회분 함량과 무기성분의 조성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 무기성분의 용출량과 이행율은 추출용매에탄올의 농도가 증가 될수록 낮아 졌으며 특히 70% 이상 농도에서 현저하였다. 물 추출구(區)의 경우 용출량은 K의 1.55%로 가장 높았고 Cu가 11ppm으로 가장 낮았으며 원료함량대비로는 Ca의 91.41% 용출이행으로 가장 높았고 Mg이 30.14%로 가장 낮았다. 추출온도 상승에 따라서는 큰 차이가 없었으나 소량씩 증가되는 경향이었고 초기용출이행이 커 $1{\sim}3$회 추출에 80%이상이 용출되었다. 조회분의 경우도 같은 경향이었고 몰 추출구(區)의 경우 3회 추출에 92.38%이상의 용출되어 70% 에탄올추출구(區)에 비하여 훨씬 높았다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2010

This experiment was carried out to select suitable organic matter in To-jik nursery (self soil nursery) for complement To-jik nursery's defects that are deterioration of raw material by poor quality of seed ginseng and reduction of the quantity in seed ginseng production. Organic matter used were Yacto, rice bean, defatted rice bran, soybean cake and their mixture. As follows, bulk density in soil physical property by treating organic composts was the greatest in soybean cake and the next was followed by mix, Yacto, defatted rice bran, and rice bran treatment in order. Soil pore space ratio was totally the opposite; that was rice bran the first and followed by defatted rice bran, Yacto, mix and soybean cake treatment. The incidence rate of damping off by treating organic composts was 1.5% in both soybean cake and mix while the others was 1.0%. Emergence time was the same among treatment on April 16 and Emergence rate was the highest at 73% in Yacto. There was no significant differences among treatment in the growth of aboveground part but it was a little better in defatted rice bran treatment. In Yacto treatment, the growth of underground part, total root number per kan, rate of first grade ginseng seedling, and rate of usable ginseng seedling etc. were entirely higher but there was little differences. Using defatted rice bran was slightly lower in productivity compared to Yacto, but the possibility was high as a alternative for Yacto in a view of managing cost down.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.170-177
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the total heavy metals contents and chemical forms in the animal manure compost. Materials and methods: A total of 109 compost samples were collected throughout the country and classified into three groups in accordance with the raw materials; pig manure, poultry manure and mixed(pig+poultry+cattle) manure. The compost samples were analyzed for total metal content and sequential chemical extraction to estimate the quantities of metals. Results: Concentrations of Zn and Cu in several compost samples were higher than the maximum acceptable limits by the Korea Compost Quality Standards. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Cd in compost samples were 257~5,102, 68~1,243, and 0.02~2.54 mg/kg respectively, while Cr, Ni, As, and Pb were < 20 mg/kg. The concentrations of heavy metals in pig manure compost were higher than those of both the poultry and the mixed manure compost. The predominant forms for extracted metals were Cr, Ni, Zn, As, and Pb, residual; Cu, organic; and Cd, carbonate. Conclusions: Results indicate that the Zn and Cu contents in compost were higher than other heavy metals and the heavy metal contents were greater in pig manure compost followed by mixed and poultry manure compost. To prevent the accumulation of heavy metals in soil where animal manure compost is applied, strategy for reducing heavy metal concentrations in animal manure and compost must be considered.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.573-586
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• 2020

PM (particulate matter) is of interest to everyone because it can have adverse effects on human health by the infiltration from respiratory to internal organs. To date, many studies have made efforts for the prediction of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations. Unlike previous studies, we conducted the prediction of tomorrow's PM10 concentration for the Air Korea stations using Chinese PM10 data in addition to the satellite AOD and weather variables. We constructed 230,639 matchups from the raw data over 3 million and built an RF (random forest) model from the matchups to cope with the complexity and nonlinearity. The validation statistics from the blind test showed excellent accuracy with the RMSE (root mean square error) of 9.905 ㎍/㎥ and the CC (correlation coefficient) of 0.918. Moreover, our prediction model showed a stable performance without the dependency on seasons or the degree of PM10 concentration. However, part of coastal areas had a relatively low accuracy, which implies that a dedicated model for coastal areas will be necessary. Additional input variables such as wind direction, precipitation, and air stability should also be incorporated into the prediction model as future work.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.157-171
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• 2006

This study was intended to suggest HACCP-based standard recipe for bellflower roots, classified as no thermal cooking process, served in a university foodservice operation. The time-temperature and microbial contamination level in each cooking step were analyzed. The temperatures of bellflower root, peeled garlic and green onion at receiving were at 13.8$\pm$2.8, 12.6$\pm$2.9 and 13.7$\pm$$0.8^\circC$ respectively, which were above the temperature limit. The time consumed for pre-preparation was up to 90 min at room temperature having high microbial growth potential. The levels of total plate counts (TPC) of bellflower root and garlic were over the limit of $10^6$ CFU/g as were the numbers of coliforms in bellflower roots. There were no microbial reductions in pre-preparation and cooking, which resulted in over $10^5$- $10^6$ CFU/g of TPC at service step. Two CCPs identified were washing/sanitation at pre-preparation and service steps. The control measures were washing/sanitation and temperature control. It was verified that CCPs for no cooking process developed in preceding studies were applicable for the microbiological food safety of this menu item. The HACCP-based standard recipe was developed to produce a quantity for 100 servings by observing the critical limits established for CCPs. These results suggest that the selection of proper provider is imperative to control the microbial contamination of raw materials at purchasing step. Also, the sanitary education program should be developed for the employees to understand and comply the HACCP plan and standard recipe.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2006

본 연구는 건강한 12마리의 슈나우져견에서 정량적 뇌파검사를 이용하여 진정을 평가한 것이다. 뇌파검사는 뇌나 행동의 변화와 관련된 중추신경계의 변화를 객관적으로 측정하는 데 사용이 된다. 특히 정량적 뇌파검사 방법인 spectral edge frequency 95 (SEF 95)는 진정의 상태를 평가하는 효과적인 방법이다. 본 실험에서 뇌파 전극은 8곳의 각각 다른 부위의 피하에 장착 하였으며 뇌파의 원래 파형과 SEF 95로 변환된 수치를 획득하여 분석하였다. 기전이 다른 5종의 진정제를 투여 한 후 측정된 모든 실험군의 SEF 95 값이 진정제 투여 전 상태와 비교하였을 때, 유의적으로 감소한다는 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과로 SEF 95의 정량적인 뇌파검사는 개에서 진정 상태를 평가하는 효과적인 방법이라고 생각된다.