• 환경생물
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.165-178
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 국내에 도입된 외래 포유류를 조사하여 생태계위해성평가와 외래생물 관리 데이터베이스 구축에 필요한 기초자료를 제시하고자 했다. 이를 위해 관상 목적으로 도입된 외래 포유류, 개인 간 거래되는 외래 포유류 등 사육 환경에서의 외래 포유류와 자연에 유입된 외래 포유류를 조사하여 한국에 도입된 외래 포유류 목록을 구축하였다. 한국에 도입된 외래 포유류는 총 163분류군으로 확인되었다. 관상 목적으로 도입된 외래 포유류는 11목 44과 139분류군, 개인 간 거래되는 외래 포유류는 5목 19과 28분류군, 자연생태계에 유입된 외래 포유류는 총 4목 7과 8분류군으로 나타났다. 국내 도입된 외래 포유류의 효과적인 관리를 위해서는 도입된 모든 종의 목록을 토대로 종별 개체수, 도입지역 등 기초적인 정보의 확보가 중요하다. 아울러, 자연생태계 유출 시 나타날 수 있는 생태계위해성에 대한 객관적 평가를 통해 잠재적인 위해 정도를 구분하고 이에 근거한 관리정책의 체계적 연계가 필요하다. 마지막으로, 국내 자연생태계에 유입된 Capra hircus, Cervus nippon taiouanus, Felis catus, Myocastor coypus, Ondatra zibethicus, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Ovis aries, Rattus norvegicus 등 8분류군에 대해서는 확산 변화 양상에 관한 지속적인 모니터링과 서식 변화 수준에 따른 즉각적 대응체계 구축 등 국가 차원에서의 확산 제어 방안 마련이 시급히 요구된다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2007

한국중부 지역에 서식하는 수리부엉이(Bubo bubo)의 먹이를 확인하고 서식 환경에 따른 먹이습성을 파악하기 위하여 사냥흔적 및 먹이 잔존물 82개, 소화되지 않은 먹이 덩어리인 펠릿(pellet) 55개를 각각 분석하였다. 그 결과 조류, 포유류 및 곤충으로 구성된 총 150개체의 먹이가 확인되었으며, 그 중 조류의 이용 빈도(56.67%) 및 생물량(78.04%)이 가장 높았다. 집쥐류(Rattus spp.), 꿩(Phasianus colchicus), 등줄쥐(Apodemus agrarius)를 흔히 이용하였으나, 생물량 측면에서 꿩이 가장 중요한 먹이로 나타났다. 척추동물을 기준으로 한 수리부엉이 먹이의 평균 생물량은 503.3g으로서 비교적 다양한 크기의 먹이를 포식하였으나, 개활지 보다 산림지역에서 더 크고 다양한 먹이를 이용하였다. 산림지역에서는 꿩과 원앙(Aix galericulata) 등의 조류를 많이 포식하였으나, 특정 분류군을 선호하기 보다 적정 크기의 먹이를 선호하는 양상을 보였다. 반면 개활지에서는 소형의 특정 포유류(설치류)에 의존하면서 큰 생물량을 가진 꿩 등의 조류를 일부 이용하는 기회주의적인 먹이습성을 보였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2001

해충의 생물적 방제 인자로서 주목받고 있는 곤충병원선충(Steinernema carpocapsae)과 이들의 공생세균(Xenorhabdus nematophilus)이 유용곤충인 누에(Bombyx mori)와 그물등개미(Pristomyrmex pungens)에 상이한 독성을 보였다. S. carpocapsae는 누에에 대해 매우 높은 살충력(반수치사농도: 4IJs (감염태 유충수)/ml)을 보이는 반면, 그물등개미에 대해서는 매우 약했다. (반수치사농도: >150,000 IJs/ml). 반면에 X. nematophilus는 그물등개미에 대해 높은 경구독성(반수치사농도: $1.4$\times$10^3$cfu (콜로니 형성수)/ml)을 보였으나, 누에에 대해서는 낮았다. (반수치사농도: >$10^{8}$ cfu/ml). 또한 실험동물 랫드(Rattus norvegicus)에 S. carpocapsae와 X. nematophilus를 강제로 경구투여 한 결과 시험 전기간(21일)동안 치사개체는 없었으며, 내부 장기에서 처리한 공생세균과 선충은 발견되지 않았다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.667-671
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• 2009

Visfatin (Nampt/PBEF) plays a pivotal role in the salvage pathway for $NAD^+$ biosynthesis. Its potent inhibitor, FK866, causes cellular $NAD^+$ levels to decline, thereby inducing apoptosis in tumor cells. In an effort to improve the solubility and binding interactions of FK866, we designed and synthesized IS001, in which a ribose group is attached to the FK866 pyridyl ring. Here, we report the crystal structure of rat visfatin in complex with IS001. Like FK866, IS001 is positioned at the dimer interface, and all of the residues that interact with IS001 are involved in hydrophobic or ${\pi}-{\pi}$-stacking interactions. However, we were unable to detect any strong interactions between the added ribose ring of IS001 and visfatin, which implies that a bulkier modifying group is necessary for a tight interaction. This study provides additional structure-based information needed to optimize the design of visfatin inhibitors.

• BMB Reports
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.146-150
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• 1996

A 2.1 kb cDNA clone for rat transketolase was isolated from rat liver ${\lambda}gt11$ cDNA library and its sequence was determined. The predicted rat transketolase (655 amino acids with $M_r$ 71,186) is highly similar (92%) to that of the human enzyme except that it contains an extra 32 amino acids at its N-terminus. Although it is less similar (<27%) to transketolases from non-mammalian species, the functional motifs such as the catalytic sites and thiamine binding domain are well conserved in the rat enzyme. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA verified that transketolase appears to be derived from a single gene. Immunoblot and Northern blot analyses suggested that hepatic transketolase was activated pretranslationally by a 2.1-fold while little change was observed in brain enzyme, indicating a tissue-specific pretranslational activation during postnatal development.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2007

Swiss Albino (Rat rattus norvegicus) rats were intraperitoneally injected with a 100 mg $kg^{-1}$ dosage of benzene, a toxic and carcinogenic agent widely used for industrial purposes. Changes in the adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in the liver, kidney and serum of rats were investigated at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 h following injection. Serum physiological was administered to each control group. Enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Our purpose was to further investigations of some diseases caused by benzene, and present evidence of variations in the activity of ADA enzyme effected by benzene. While benzene caused significant inhibitions in ADA activity in the liver at 16 and 32 h and at 0.05 probability level, no significant inhibition or activation occurred at other test periods (hours). ADA activity did not present any significant variation in the kidneys. It was observed that ADA activity displayed similar patterns in the control groups. Comparisons of ADA activities in the two groups showed a statistically significant decrease between $4^{th}$ and $64^{th}$ hours (p< 0.05), demonstrating a direct correlation between benzene and its effects on ADA enzymes.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 1998

Twenty isolates of Hantavirus were isolated from patients and reserovirs from 1988 to 1994 in Korea. Isolation rate was 1.9% (10/538) in patients, 6.2% (5/81) in Apodemus sp., 2.6% (1/38) in Rattus sp. and 0.6% (4/677) in bats. Reciprocal mean IFA titers ranged from 27.5 to 1,024 at the specimen collection. According to the growth rate and reaching peak titier of infectivity, the isolates were grouped as rapid, intermediate, and slow growing groups. All isolates were confirmed as Hantaan type by the nested RT-PCR on the G1 region of the M segment. Comparison of nucleotide sequence (Nt: 2101 - Nt: 2280) of the G2 region revealed that the sequence homology bewteen Hantaan 76/118 virus and the isolates was more than 90%. Several nucleotide positions of the isolates showed high variation. The variation rate of patientisolates was about one-half when compared with that of rodentisolates. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis Hantaan viruses isolated were divided into two genogroups. These results indicate that Hantaan virus is highly dominant serotype in Korea and the virologic property and genogroup are not correlated.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.150-154
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• 2008

Twenty five albino rats were divided into five groups for conducting this experiment. The first group was for positive control (Vitamin C, ascorbic acid), the second group was of Panax ginseng (10 mg/kg body weight) treated group after bio-activity assay, the third group was of mercuric chloride treated group (0.033 mg/kg body weight) based on calculating $LD_{50}$ 9.26 mg/kg body weight by probit analysis, the fourth group was of mercuric chloride (0.033 mg/kg body weight) followed by Panax ginseng (10 mg/kg body weight) and the fifth group was Panax ginseng (10 mg/kg body weight) followed by mercuric chloride (0.033 mg/kg body weight) treated group. The interval between intake of Panax ginseng and mercuric chloride was of 2 hours in groups, fourth and fifth respectively. Comparative free radical scavenging property of Panax ginseng was studied under three in vitro models (role model for calculating scavenging activity) viz. DPPH method (hydroxyl free radicals), Nitric oxide method (nitrile free radicals) and Lipid peroxidation (mercury free radicals).

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1958

A rat-fleas survey was carried out in Ducksonm and Kwangnaru areas of Seoul city from Janurary to December 1955 . In this survey, 1,204 redents were trapped alive and 740 of which being Rattus norvegicus, 457 Apodemus agrarius, 5 Eutamiias asiaticus and 2 shrewes ((crocidura rusila). On these rodents 270 fleas were collected and identified thus : Ceratopylidae : Monopsyllus anisus (Rothschild 1908) ···200 Leptosylla segnis(Schonherr, 1832)···1 Hystrichopsyllidae : Ctenophthalmus congener, Rothschild ···43 Neopsylla bidentiformis (Wagner, 1893)···11 Stenoponia sidimi Marikovsky, 1936···9 Pulcidae : Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild, 1903)···6 On the average 8.5% of the rodents were infestated with fleas. The infestation rate showed a marked varying degree in a year and three high incidence peaks in Spring (10.3%), Summer (11.4%-11.8%) and Winter (13.7%). The average number of fleas per rat (flea-index) was 0.22 for the whole year with a maximum of 0.41 in December and a minimum of 0.03 in February. Of all, the most prevalent species are Monopsyllus anisus (74.1%) and secondly Ctenophthalmus congener (15.9%). both species occupied 90% of all. Xenopsylla cheopis, a known vector of plague, was found very rare in our survey and only appeared in Winter. The striking lower incidence of flea-index compared with previous data (6.6 by Nagahana, 1931-1936) appears to be due to the nationwide application of DDT and BHC insecticides since 1945.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.284-291
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• 2018

The role of androgens in the development of cardiovascular diseases remains controversial. The current study therefore sought to determine the changes in the histomorphology of the common carotid artery of the male rat in orchidectomy-induced hypogonadism. Twenty-two Rattus norvegicus male rats aged 2 months were used. The rats were randomly assigned into baseline (n=4), experimental (n=9), and control (n=9) groups. Hypogonadism was surgically induced in the experimental group by bilateral orchiectomy under local anesthesia. At experiment weeks 3, 6, and 9, three rats from each group (experimental and control) were euthanized, their common carotid artery harvested, and routine processing was done for paraffin embedding, sectioning, and staining. The photomicrographs were taken using a digital photomicroscope for morphometric analysis. Orchidectomy resulted in the development of vascular fibrosis, with a significant increase in collagen fiber density and decrease in smooth muscle and elastic fiber density. Moreover, there was development of intimal hyperplasia, with fragmentation of medial elastic lamellae in the common carotid artery of the castrated rats. Orchidectomy induces adverse changes in structure of the common carotid artery of the male rat. These changes may impair vascular function, therefore constituting a possible structural basis for the higher incidences of cardiovascular diseases observed in hypogonadism.