• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 2014

Objectives This study was carried out to know the effects of Keonbodan (hereinafter referred to KBD) in osteoarthritis induced by Monosodium iodoacetate(hereinafter referred to MIA) on Wistar rat. Methods Osteoarthritis was induced by injection of MIA into left knee joint cavities of rat. Osteoarthritis rats were divided into 4 groups (normal (n=6), control (n=6), indomethacin (n=6), KBD (n=6) group). The control group was administered normal saline and indomethacin group was administered indomethacin (2 mg/kg). And the KBD group was administered KBD (142 mg/kg). Each groups were administered by orally for 4 weeks. This experiment were carried out in vivo. In vivo, at the end of the experiment (5 weeks after MIA injection), effects on hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, cytokines in serum, arachidonic acid, osteocalcin, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and cartilage volume were evaluated. And histopathological examinations on the articular structures of knee joints were performed. Results 1. In weight-bearing measurement, level of weight was increased. 2. In order to hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine were tested. And there were no significant changes. 3. In serum, levels of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$ were significantly decreased. IL-6 was insignificantly decreased. 4. In serum, level of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 was decreased. 5. In serum, level of $LTB_4$, $PGE_2$ and osteocalcin was decreased. 6. In ${\mu}$CT-arthrography, the cartilage volume was greater than that of the control group. 7. The joint damage induced by osteoarthritis was lesser than the control group in histopathologic observation (H&E, Safranin-O staining). Conclusions These results demonstrated that KBD suppressed the osteoarthritis- inducing effects of MIA in rat. And further studies are required to find out more effective substance and anti-osteoarthritic mechanism in the future.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.324-328
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• 2003

In a mutagenicity test using the Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, the Xanthium strumarium L. extracts had not a mutagenicity. The extracts were assayed that antioxidative effect using a colony formation assay. The extracts showed protective effects against the cytotoxicity of H$_2$O$_2$ and increased the immunity induced by TNF and IL-1${\beta}$. The modulating effect of Xanthium strumarium L. extract on the induction of carcinogenesis by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin (MNNG), was investigated in Wistar rats. The GSH content was found to be reduced by MNNG treatment, but increased on adding extract. In addition the Xanthium strumarium L. extract increased p53 expression versus MNNG alone.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 1992

Problems of composite tissue transfer commonly arise when a single indispensable recipient vessel receives the graft vssel, and the graft vessel must be sutured in end-to-side fashion so as not todisturb the vascularity of the recipient vessel. The triangular flap in the recipient vessel wall gives an intact endothelial surface when the flow of blood stream is presented and may reduce the chance of anastomosis. We selected mature Wistar rats weighing over 450 grams to compare the conventional longitudinal slit from the triangular flap in the recipient carotid artery over bloood pressure and blood flow when the donor carotid artery was anastomosed in end-to-side fashion. In 30 minutes after anastomosis, maximum blood pressure measured in the donor carotid arterial side when the recipient arterial wall was fasioned with the longitudinal slit was recorded 114 mmHg and with the triangular flap 100mmHg. Minimum blood pressure with the longitudinal slit was 98mmHg and with the triangular flap 88mmHg. The amount of blood collected for 30 seconds in the conventional longitudinal slit was 1.18mg and in the triangular flap 0.78mg. Histology study in 30 minutes, the conventional longitudinal slit demonstrated the more hemorrhagic features around the suture material compared to that of the triangular. flap and, in the 7th day, the conventional longitudinal slit demonstrated the more prominent granulomatous reactions and vascular proliferations around the suture material compared to that of the triangular flap.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.33-39
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• 1979

The antithiamin activity(ATA) and tannin content were determined for 10 kinds of herbal teas popular in Korea, also on the urinary thiamin excretion and growth rate of rats provided with certain of these teas replacing water. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The tea bag and IT-A had higher ATA (mg thiamin destroyed/g tea), while GT-A and Omiza-tea had lower activity. Different brands of the teas refulted in extremelw different ATA ana tannin content. 2) The body meight gain in the feeding groups of GT-B and GE-B were a little lower than that of the feeding groups of water, LT and IT-A, but these differences were not significant. 3) The food consumption, the food efficiency and the drink consumption of all groups for the total feeding term were not significant. 4) The thiamin excretion was higher in the LT, GT-B groups but lower in the If-A group -when compared to the water group, none of these results were significant.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative and chemopreventive effects of the extracts from Polyozellus multiplex, an edible mushroom through in vitro and in vivo assay. Polyozellus multiplex fractions were assayed for its antioxidative effect with colony formation assay. Polyozellus multiplex methanol extract and water fraction showed protective effects against the cytotoxicity of $H_2O_2$. The modifying effects of Polyozellus multiplex methanol extract and water fraction on the induction of carcinogenesis by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were investigated in Wistar rats. The GSH content was decreased by MNNG treatment but was increased by adding Polyozellus multiplex water fractions. Also the activity of glutathione S-transferase and the superoxide dismutase levels were increased by the treatment of Polyozellus multiplex water fractions more than with MNNG alone. In addition to the Polyozellus multiplex water fraction increased the p53 expression as compared with the value of MNNG alone.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.238-245
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• 2015

A non-protein amino acid, L-ornithine (Orn), has been shown to stimulate the urea cycle and tissue protein synthesis in the liver. The purpose of the current study was to assess whether Orn affects the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, which is involved in protein synthesis. Primary cultured cells isolated from Wistar rat liver were incubated in an amino acid-free medium, followed by addition of Orn for 3 h. The cell lysate was subjected to immunoblotting to evaluate the phosphorylation of downstream targets of mTORC1, including p70S6K, S6, and 4EBP1. To assess the involvement of mTORC1 for the effect of Orn, the cells were pretreated with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin before the addition of Orn and the cell lysate was subjected to immunoblotting. We next examined whether the effects of Orn were exerted in vivo. Orn was orally administered to 18 h food-deprived rats, the blood and the livers were collected at 1 and 3 h after administration for immunoblotting. Orn treatment for primary cultured cells for 3 h enhanced the phosphorylation of p70S6K, S6, and 4EBP1. In addition, rapamycin blocked the effects of Orn completely (p70S6K and S6) or partially (4EBP1). The oral administration of Orn to the rat also augmented the phosphorylation of mTORC1 downstream targets notably in S6 at 1 h. Our findings demonstrate that Orn has the potential to induce the phosphorylation of downstream targets of mTORC1 in the rat liver. This may be mediated by the augmentation of mTORC1 activity.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.435-439
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• 2011

Sildenafil citrate (SIL) a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5I) has been used for long time as a first line oral drug for erectile dysfunction. Though it has beneficial effects on erectile organ it also has some adverse effects in other cells and/or tissues related to reproductive system when exposed to longer duration. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the long term effect of SIL on sperm parameters in Wistar albino rat. The animals are divided into two groups, for group I - rats were treated with saline (vehicle alone) and group - II oral administration of 5 mg/kg b.w. of SIL was administrated orally once in a day for 120 days. At the end of the trial period animals were sacrificed and epididymal sperm were subjected to various analysis. Results showed significant reduction in sperm count, motility, viability and morphologically intact sperm in long term PDE5I exposed animals when compared to control. Acrosomal status and fertility test also showed significant reduction in long term PDE5I exposed animals. The present study clearly indicated that long term SIL has shown to induce alteration in sperm quality and quantity, leading to decline in fertility rate. Indicate that SIL impinge on spermatogenesis as well as epididymal function. Understanding the molecular down-stream events involved in long-term exposure to PDE5 inhibitor can be valuable to supervise on related infertility issues and to suggest corrective measures.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.471-478
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• 2015

Colon cancer is considered as the precarious forms of cancer in many developed countries, with few to no symptoms; the tumor is often diagnosed in the later stages of cancer. Monoterpenes are a major part of plant essential oils found largely in fruits, vegetables and herbs. The cellular and molecular activities show therapeutic progression that may reduce the risk of developing cancer by modulating the factors responsible for colon carcinogenesis. Colon cancer was induced with DMH with a dose of (20 mg/Kg/body weight) for 15 weeks by subcutaneous injection once in a week. Myrtenal treatment was started with (230 mg/Kg/body weight) by intragastric administration, one week prior to DMH induction and continued till the experimental period of 30 weeks. The Invivo results exhibit the elevated antioxidant and lipid peroxidation levels in DMH treated animals. The Histopathological analysis of colon tissues well supported the biochemical alterations and inevitably proves the protective role of Myrtenal. Treatment with myrtenal to cancer bearing animals resulted in a remarkable increase in the inherent antioxidants and excellent modulation in the morphological and physiological nature of the colon tissue. It is thus concluded that myrtenal exhibits excellent free radical scavenging activity and anticancer activity through the suppression of colon carcinoma in Wistar albino rats.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.222-227
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• 1992

Unlike carbohydrats and fats, alcohol is essentially foreign to the body and it is known that the body get rid of it by oxidizing alcohol maily in the liver. Acetaldehyde is produced during ethanol metabolism and is known to be oxidized mainly by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). ALDH activity was found mainly in the mitochondrial fraction but a significant ALDH activity was also present in microsomal and cytosol fraction. Wistar rats (150~200 g, male) were given freely with 12% ethanol (Control) and/or 12% ethanol containing 0.1% ginseng saponins (Test) instead of water for 6 days and the liver was analyzed. ALDH activities of both control and test group were lower than that of normal group but test AkDH was less inhibited than control. ADH activies of both control and test were slightly higher than that of normal group but our previous data showed that it became gradually steady after prolonged ethanol feeding. MEOS activities of both control and test group were much higher than that of normal group. MEOS enzymes are inducible but the activity of test group was greatly higher than that of control. Ethanol containing [1-i4C] ethanol (5 $\mu$Ci) was injected to the above three groups and 30 min later, the distribution of radioactivity of hepatic lipids was investigated. Radioactivities of hepatic lipids of both control and test group were higher than that of normal group, however, that of test group was much lower than that of control. Analysis of individual lipids showed that phospholipid biosynthesis was significantly impaired and fatty acid and triglycerides biosynthesis were greatly stimulated. However, it was realized that the saponin prevented phospholipid biosynthesis depression and the increase of triglyceride biosynthesis considerably. It seemed that the saponin might stimulate ADH, ALDH and MEOS and the acetaldehyde formed would be removed faster. The excess hydrogen can be shunt more quickly into lipid biosynthesis. Electron microscopic observation showed that the hepatic cell of control group was si gnificantly damaged. Mitochondria were swollen and rough endoplasmic reticulum were dilated, however, hepatocytes of test group were not damaged.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.237-244
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• 2016

Background: Ginsenoside Rg3 and arginine-fructose (Arg-Fru) are known as the hypotensive compounds of Panax ginseng; however, their efficacy on antihypertension has not been reported yet to our best knowledge. Thus, hypotensive components-enriched fraction of red ginseng (HCEF-RG) was prepared from fine root concentrate (FR) and their antihypertensive effects were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods: Male SHRs were divided into six groups: control (Wistar Kyoto, SHR); FR 500; FR 1,000; HCEF-RG 500; and HCEF-RG 1,000; samples (mg/kg body weight) were orally administered every day for 8 wk. Blood pressure was monitored at 1 wk, 2 wk, 3 wk, 4 wk, 6 wk, and 8 wk by tail cuff method. At 8 wk after samples administration, mice were killed for the measurement of renin activity (RA), angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibition, angiotensin II, and nitric oxide (NO) levels in plasma. Results: HCEF-RG with four-fold more Rg3 and 24-fold more Arg-Fru contents was successfully prepared from reacted mixtures of FR and persimmon vinegar (12 times against FR, v/v) at $80^{\circ}C$ for 18 h. Both FR 1,000 and HCEF-RG 1,000 showed lowered systolic blood pressure than SHR control group and HCEF-RG 1,000 group exhibited a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure. RA was significantly lowered in all treated groups, while angiotensin II did not affect by FR and HCEF-RG treatment. However, angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibition and NO in FR 1,000 and HCEF-RG 1,000 were significantly increased compared with SHR control group. Conclusion: HCEF-RG is more effective and useful for alleviating hypertension than FR, implying the health benefit of Rg3 and Arg-Fru.