• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.501-505
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• 2011

Soybean powder is a readily-available food ingredient. Furthermore, saltwort powder is an herb with various physiological effects. Therefore, in this study we examined the physiochemical characteristics of soybean dasik prepared with 0, 4, 8, and 12% saltwort powder. We measured Hunter's color values, mechanical characteristics, and sensory qualities. The result of each analysis is as follows. There were not significant differences between the moisture content of the control group and the groups with saltwort powder. The ash content increased while the fat and protein content decreased as the ratio of saltwort powder increased (p<0.001). In the analysis of color differences, the L, a, and b values decreased as the ratio of saltwort powder increased (p<0.001). The hardness (p<0.001) of the groups increased as the ratio of saltwort powder increased, but adhesiveness decreased. Sensory evaluation data showed that softness, hardness, and chewiness decreased while color increased as the ratio of saltwort powder increased. Finally, aroma, sweet taste, nutty taste, and overall acceptability was shown to be best for the 4% addition group.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.409-413
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• 2014

This study was carried out to design the optimum mixing ratio of aggregate, cyclic aggregate, and binder (moisture, emulsified asphalt, and emulsion type additives) and produce recycling cold asphalt paving mixture satisfying site work standard. The cyclic aggregate satisfying KS F 2572 was collected from waste asphalt by adequate processing. As the moisture content increased, the shearing strength was decreased. The maximum marshall stability was shown at the 3.0 wt% moisture content. So the optimum moisture content was 3.0 wt%. The marshall stability and flow value with the amount of emulsified asphalt was satisfied in the range of 0.5~2.5 wt%, and the porosity was satisfied in the range of 0.7~2.5 wt%. So the optimum amount of emulsified asphalt was 1.6 wt%. The optimum amount of emulsion type additive was 0.1 wt% in the light of marshall stability and degree of saturation of recycling cold asphalt mixture.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.392-398
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• 1988

Gelatinized rice flours were prepared by drum drying at different moisture contents of slurry made from dry milled and wet milled rice flours. Milled rice samples were prepared from the Chuchung and the Samgang varieties. Degree of gelatinization of drum-dried rice flours revealed over 92% at 60% moisture content of wet milled rice flours and 80% moisture content of dry milled ones. With regards to amylogram and rheological properties, drum-dried rice flours prepared from wet milled raw materials showed higher viscosity than from dry milled ones. Increasing water contents in the slurry increased water absorption index(WAI) and decreased water solubility index(WSI). Hunter's color values of drum-dried rice flour at high moisture contents showed higher L values and lower b values. For the preparation of gelatinized rice flours by drum drying process, the higher water content caused more gelatinized network structure of rice starch in scanning electron micrographs. With regards to farinogram properties of dough with drum-dried rice flours and wheat flours in mixing ratio of 1 to 9 by weight, drum-dried rice flours made from wet milled raw rice flours revealed higher MTI than from dry milled ones.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2021

This study executed evaluation of drying characteristics based on the polymer injection rate (8%, 10% and 12%) and the drying method[NIF(near-infrared ray). According to this study analyzed VS, VS/TS, and calorific value compared with 'the auxiliary fuel standard of the thermoelectric power plant and the combined heat & power plant'. The results are as follows. In the case of NIR, the VS was slightly changed at the early stage of the material preheating period and the constant drying rate period with low moisture evaporation. But VS reduction was shown higher as moisture was dried. In the case of non-digested sludge with high VS content, the VS reduction rate by drying was shown lower than that of digested sludge. As the flocculant injection rate increased, the VS loss due th drying was found to be small. Also, the higher the flocculant injection rate was the longer the drying time. Especially, in the case of the NIR drying equipment, as the moisture content of sewage sludge decreased(moisture content 20~40%), the loss of net VS also showed a tendency to increase sharply. It is shown that the high calorific value according to the drying time of the non-digested sludge was changed from 590 kcaℓ/kg to 3,005 kcaℓ/kg and from 539 kcaℓ/kg to 2,796 kcaℓ/kg.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 1998

In this paper, the relationships between volumetric mixing ratio of rubber chip and physical and mechanical properties of wood/rubber composite panel was examined in order to investigate the mixture characteristics of wood and rubber chip. Because of the specific gravity of rubber differed from wood chip, physical properties of wood/rubber composite panel was shown very different values by mixing rate of chip element. Specific gravity in air-dry of composite panel was increased rapidly as volumetric percent of rubber chip was increased. Moisture content of composite panel was decreased as volumetric percent of rubber chip element was increased. This results was considered that wood weight is light and porosity material for moisture absorption. Compressive strength and modulus of rupture in bending test were decreased as volumetric percent of rubber chip increased. By mixing ratio control of chip elements, various wood/rubber composite panel can be applicable to every interior materials such as subfloor, playground, and exterior materials such as road blocks for recreational facilities in garden and forest and city parks.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.89-98
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of Seolgiddeok by mixed ratio of jujube powder and sugar. The proximate composition, water holding capacity, Hunter's color values, texture, and sensory evaluations were examined in this study. The results are as follows. Among the proximate composition of the Seolgiddeok that was made of different ratio of Jujube powder and sugar, moisture content of the control group was 43.93%. As the amount ratio of Jujube powder increased, moisture content slightly increased, and content of crude protein and crude ash was higher. The water holding capacity of Seolgiddeok by mixed ratio of jujube powder and sugar was lower as the amount ratio of Jujube powder increased. The L value, which is Hunter's color values of Seolgiddeok by mixed ratio of jujube powder and sugar, was the highest in the control group. The a and b value was the lowest in the control group and became high as the amount ratio of the jujube powder increased. As amount ratio of jujube powder increased, the hardness, the springiness, the cohesiveness, the gumminess, and the chewiness, of Seolgiddeok became high, but adhesiveness became low. In a sensory evaluation of Seolgiddeok by mixed ratio of jujube powder and sugar, the preference of texture, mouth-feel, and appearance was the highest in the control group. The preference of color, flavor and overall preference were the highest in Seolgiddeok by mixed ratio of jujube powder of 75.0g and sugar 57.6g.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2018

PURPOSES : This study determined the optimal usage rate of RAP (reclaimed asphalt pavement) using cold central-plant recycling (CCPR) on a road-surface layer. In addition, a mixture-aggregate gradation design and a curing method based on the proposed rate for the surface-layer mix design were proposed. METHODS : First, current research trends were investigated by analyzing the optimum moisture content, mix design, and quality standards for surface layers in Korea and abroad. To analyze the aggregate characteristics of the RAP, its aggregate-size characteristics were analyzed through the combustion asphalt content test and the aggregate sieve analysis test. Moreover, aggregate-segregation experiments were performed to examine the possibility of RAP aggregate segregation from field compaction and vehicle traffic. After confirming the RAP quality standards, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate, aggregate-gradation design and quality tests were conducted for mixtures with 40% and 50% RAP usage. The optimum moisture content of the surface-layer mixture containing RAP was tested, as was the evapotranspiration effect on the surface-layer mixture of the optimum moisture content. RESULTS : After analyzing the RAP recycled aggregate size and extraction aggregate size, 13-8mm aggregate was found to be mostly 8mm aggregate after combustion. After using surface-chipping and mixing methods to examine the possibility of RAP aggregate segregation, it was found that the mixing method contributed very little for 3.32%, and because the surface-chipping method applied compaction energy directly as the maximum assumption the separation ratio was 15.46%. However, the composite aggregate gradation did not change. Using a 40% RAP aggregate rate on the surface-layer mixture for cold central-plant recycling satisfied the Abroad quality standard. The optimum moisture content of the surface-layer mixture was found to be 7.9% using the modified Marshall compaction test. It was found that the mixture was over 90% cured after curing at $60^{\circ}C$ for two days. CONCLUSIONS : To use the cold central-plant recycling mixture on a road-surface layer, a mixture-aggregate gradation design was proposed as the RAP recycled aggregate size without considering aggregate segregation, and the RAP optimal usage rate was 40%. In addition, the modified Marshall compaction test was used to determine the optimum moisture content as a mix-design parameter, and the curing method was adapted using the method recommended by Asphalt Recycling & Reclaiming Association (ARRA).

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 1991

This study was carried out under the appropriate conditions of moisture content(60~70%), C/N ratio(25~30), and C/P ratio(30~35) on the mixed materials of cow dung and rice hulls. The good mixing ratio of cow dung and rice hulls was woth to one on volume basis which was able to adjust to the moisture content and C/N ratio of the mixing material. During fermentation pile period, the mixing ratio of control, non-aerated pile with turning was two to one and that of aerated pile with blower was two ti one. In fermentation pile period, average temperature of aerated pile was $55{\sim}65^{\circ}C$ and it was more higher than control of $40{\sim}50^{\circ}C$ non-aerated pile. While total nitrogen content of aerated pile was lower than that of the control, total carbon content and C/N ratio were higher. In cure pile period, the temperature and C/N ratio of aerated pile were increased at the early stage and then they were decreased, but total nitrogen and total carbon contents of aerated pile were increased in process of days. Final product in aerated pile had more fine particles and was good for the growth of cucumber seedlings than control.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.897-904
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• 2011

For set up the processing method of Byeo-Nuruk, we investigated the quality characteristics of Byeo-Nuruk according to the mixture ratio of rice and wheat, as well as the addition rate of moisture. After 12 hours of incubation, the temperature of Nuruk increased dramatically and reached a maxium temperature at 36 hours. After 36 hours, the temperature decreased gradually and was maintained at about $31{\sim}38^{\circ}C$. The ranges of pH and titratable acidity of Byeo-Nuruk were 4.85 to 7.42 and 1.0 to 2.3, respectively. A higher content of wheat ratio in Byeo-Nuruk, was associated with higher enzyme activities of ${\alpha}$-amylase, glucoamylase, and acidic-protease. Further, at a 70% wheat ratio, a 25% addition rate of moisture showed the highest enzyme activity. In the mixture ratio between rice and wheat, the 50:50 and 30:70 treatments contained the highest levels of microorganisms.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.2 s.85
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• pp.265-274
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• 1998

This study was carried out to obtain the basic data for an artificial cultivation of Phellinus sp.. The optimum conditions for the mycelial growth on the different sawdusts (Quercus aliena, Morns alba and Alnus japonica) substrate of an isolated Phellinus sp. were optimized by response surface methodology. The ratio of rice bran addition to sawdust and the suitable moisture content for the mycelial growth in the all sawdust media were about 30% (w/w) and $65{\sim}70%$ (w/v), respectively. The initial pHs for the mycelial growth of Quercus aliena and Morns alba were in the range of $pH\;5{\sim}6$, whereas Alnus japonica was obtained at pH 6. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was about $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, depending on the different kinds of wood substrates. From the response surface analysis, the values of independent variables of Quercus aliena at stationary points were determined to be 31.01 % (w/w) of rice bran, pH of 5.31 and 69.03% (w/v) of moisture content, and the expected value of mycelial growth was about 8.32 cm. Both the ratio of rice bran addition to sawdust $(X_1)$ and moisture content $(X_3)$ were effective to the mycelial growth. In the case of Morns alba, the ratio of rice bran addition to sawdust, initial pH and moisture content at the stationary points were 28.77% (w/w), 5.28 and 69.8 (w/v),respectively, and the expected mycelial growth of 7.60 cm was obtained. Stationary points for the mycelial growth in the sawdust media of Alnus japonica were 28.74% (w/w) of rice bran, pH of 6. 04 and 66.96% (w/v) of moisture content, and the expected values of mycelial growth was about 5.38 cm. Based on the above results, there was correlations between the mycelial growth and independent variables, and the effect of rice bran $(X_1)$ and initial pH $(X_2)$ for the mycelial growth were higher than the moisture content $(X_3)$. The optimum species of sawdust media for the my celial growth of Phellinus sp. was in the order of Quercus aliena > Morns alba > Alnus japonica.