• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.177-182
• /
• 1998

To evaluate the effect of chicken manure compost(CMC) application on nutrient utilization and reduction of N fertilizer application for vegetables such of cabbage, reddish, and eggplant, four different application rates of CMC such as 0, 10, 30. $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$ were amended with three different rates of chemical fertilizer of 0, 15, $300kg\;ha^{-1}$. The efficiency of nutrient utilization on CMC were in the order of N, P, K. For each respective nutrient utilization by cabbage, reddish, and eggplant, N were 29%, 20%, 14%; P were 10%,<1%, and <1% ; K were 5%, 22%, 32%. The greater application of CMC, the less the efficiency, while the efficiency of P was increased with increasing application of CMC. The highest efficiency of nutrient utilization was found in $10Mg\;ha^{-1}$. The amounts of reduction of N fertilizer application in soils amended with $10Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of CMC with respect to maintain the normal production of each vegetables observed in this experiment were as follows: $25kg\;ha^{-1}$ and $15kg\;ha^{-1}$ less, and $13kg\;ha^{-1}$ more than the recommended rate for cabbage, eggplant, and reddish, respectively. For elution of available of N by the application of CMC, there was a gradual increase up to 30 day, then gradually decreased. However, there was increase of N eluted in the application of $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$. For soil chemical properties, pH, T-N, OM, and $P_2O_5$ were increased with increased application of CMC, as well as did cations such as K, Ca, and Mg. Yield and glucose of cabbage was significantly increased at the application of $30Mg\;ha^{-1}$ CMC, but content of nitrate in eggplant and raddish was highly increased with increasing application of N fertilizer and CMC. By the way, the yields of cabbage, reddish, and eggplant were slightly decreased with CMC application greater than $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.135-148
• /
• 2004

Rice is not only main food but also key farm income source of Korean farmers. In spite of the above facts, rice productivity was decreased on account of drought in every 2 or 3 years interval owing to the vulnerability of irrigation facilities throughout Korea in the past decades. As an context of the first five year economic development plan, all weather farming programme including 4 big river basin comprehensive development projects and large and medium sized irrigation water development projects were carried out successfully. Therefore the area of irrigated paddy were increased from 58% in 1970 to 76.2% in 1999. In the past decades, the Government had invested heavy financial funds to develop irrigation water but as an factor share analysis, the contribution rates of irrigation water and investment for farmland base development project have not been identified yet in national agricultural economic level. It is very scarce to find out the papers concerned to macro-economic factor share analysis or contribution rates of water and investment cost to rice production value in Korea considering the production function of the quantity of irrigation water and investment cost as independent variables. Accordingly this paper covered and aimed at identifying (1) derivation of rice production function with the time serial data from 1965 to 1999 and the contribution rates of irrigation water and total investment cost for farmland base development project. The analytical model of the contribution rates was adapted the famous Cobb-Douglass production function. According to the model analysis, the contribution rate of irrigation water to rice production in Korea was shown 37.8% which was equivalent to 0.28 of the production elasticity of water. The contribution rate of farmland base development project cost was revealed 22% and direct production cost of rice was contributed 60% in the growth of rice production and farm mechanization costs contributed to 18% of it respectively. The two contribution rates comparing with the direct production cost were small but without irrigation water and farmland base development, application of high-pay off inputs and farm mechanization might be impossible. Considering the food security and to cope with the frequent drought, rice farming and investment for the irrigation water development should be continued even in WTO system.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.36 no.12
• /
• pp.1918-1925
• /
• 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of biogas slurry application on biomass production and the silage quality of corn. Methods: A field experiment was conducted in which corn was grown using different biogas slurry application rates. The effect of 25% to 500% biogas slurry nitrogen replacement (T1 to T14) on the yield and quality indices of corn were studied by field plot experiments. Results: The results revealed that biogas slurry application improved the stem diameter and relative feed value of corn silage in treatments T13 and T11. Moreover, the fermentation quality of corn silage was improved due to an increase in lactic acid content; in comparison with the chemical synthetic fertilizer (CF) group. The crude protein contents of corn silage had no obvious change with increasing biogas slurry application. However, the forage quality index of acid detergent fiber was decreased (p<0.05) in the T11 group compared with the CF group. In addition, higher (p<0.05) 30 h in vitro dry matter digestibility and 30 h in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility were observed in the T11 and T13 groups than in the CF group. Conclusion: Based on these results, it was concluded that the optimum biogas slurry application rate for corn was approximately 350% to 450% biogas slurry nitrogen replacement under the present experimental conditions.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.181-193
• /
• 2016

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of carbonized rice hull (CRH) application on soil carbon storage and $N_2O$ emissions from upland soil. It was used at different rates of 0, 5, 10 and $20Mg\;ha^{-1}$. During the Chinese cabbage cultivation, several soil chemical characteristics such as soil moisture, temperature and soil carbon were observed. Also, $CO_2$ and $N_2O$ emissions were monitored. Soil organic matter contents slightly increased with carbonized rice hull applied in all the treatments. The soil carbon contents with application rate of 0, 5, 10 and $20Mg\;ha^{-1}$ were 0, 1.3, 1.2 and $2.6g\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. It was observed that soil carbon content was higher with increasing CRH application rate. Total nitrogen contents of soil applied with CRH relatively decreased with the course of time. However, $NO_3$-N contents in the soil with CRH application rate of 5, 10 and $20Mg\;ha^{-1}$ were 28.6, 25.7 and $21.5mg\;kg^{-1}$ at the end of experiment, respectively. $CO_2$ emission at the $5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ application of CRH was higher about 18.9% than non-treatment, whereas those of $10Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and $20Mg\;ha^{-1}$ treatment were lower 14.4% and 11.8% compared to non-treatment, respectively. Also, it was shown that $N_2O$ emission reduced by 19.9, 28.3 and 54.0% when CRH was applied at 5, 10 and $5Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.12
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2016

This study assessed the feasibility of odor removal by the application of Bacillus sp. that has many advantages in sewage treatment to sewage sludge. The NH3 removal rates in the treatment of primary sludge using only aeration were measured at 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment and the results were 12.5 %, 12 %, and 42.1 %, respectively. The NH3 removal rates of a reactor injected with BIO-CLOD made by solidifying Bacillus sp. concentrated 10 % together with other substances were measured after 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment and the results were 43 %, 70 %, and 81 % respectively. In the cases where the Bacillus sp. cultured in NB medium was injected into the primary sludge reactor to reach injection rates of 0 %, 1.7 %, 3.3 %, and 6.7(v/v%), the TVOC removal rates measured when 72 hours had passed after the injection were 59 %, 71 %, 88 %, and 98 % respectively, which were higher than the NH3 removal rates as the NH3 removal rates measured at the same time were shown to be 29 %, 25 %, 31 %, and 48 %, respectively. In the sludge dewaterability conducted with various Bacillus sp. injection concentrations, a Bacillus sp. concentration of 4(v/v%) was considered to be suitable. The Bacillus sp. concentrations and reduction in the bad odor substances were correlated with each other. The results showed that aeration and Bacillus sp. injection will assist biological oxidation so that the bad odor substances can be removed. Based on the SRF values of the primary sludge and digested sludge, in which Alum and PAC were used, the appropriate amount of Alum aggregate reagent was judged to be 500 mg/L, and when PAC was used, 6 mg/L was judged to be appropriate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 1992

An the livestock production in Japan is industrialized, a tremendous amount of animal wastes is being produced annually, resulting in serious environmental pollution problems. Animal wastes could be pollutants, but they are also important sources of fertilizer nutrients and organic matter. Composting is an effective way of promoting the increased utilization of animal wastes. The characterization of maturing process during composting is important in order to improve the composting technology and to develop and efficient method to estimate the degree of maturity. The rise and fall in temperature, and changes in the constituents of the compost, reflect the maturing process and may serve as indicators for maturation. In addition, the detection of nitrate by diphenylamine, the determination of cation-exchange capacity (CEC), and the germination test, are also recommended as the methods of estimating the degree of maturity. The heavy applications of animal manure and compost may cause an adverse effect on soils and crops. When excess manure is applied, the nitrogen will be accumulated in soil, resulting in accumulation of nitrate in crops and pollution of the groundwater. Guidelines for application rates are recommended, to maintain soil productivity and quality of crops, and to prevent the environmental pollution.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.46-46
• /
• 1991

Adequate regrowth control of weeds and shrubs has been one of the important problem for pasture establishment by overseeding on reclaimed forest hilly land. This experiment was carried out on sloping shrub land near Anseong, Gyeonggido to evaluate the effects of herbicide application on growth control of native weeds, shrubs and trees. We evaluated 63 different weeds and wood species in the trials, which are grown common in korean forest. Buthidazol and 4 other herbicides (sodium chlorate, glyphosate, U-46 and gramoxone) were sprayed each at two application rates during the period of the most intensive growth, on 20 July 45 days before overseeding of pasture species. Glyphosate and sodium chlorate gave excellant control of growth of all species. However. Uncus effusus, Carex heterostachya, Polygonatum humile, Rubus corchorifolius, Lonicera coeralea and Rhododendron mucronulatum were classified as a tolerant weed and wood species to herbicides. Herbicide buthidazol showed also successive control of regrowth of weeds and wood species. But buthidazol was evaluated as a none available herbicide for use in pasture establishment. because o! their long persist of toxic herbicide residue in soils after treatments. Herbicide U-46 and gramoxone had almost no effect on regrowth of shrubs and tree species

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.76-83
• /
• 1991

Adequate regrowth control of weeds and shrubs has been one of the important problem for pasture establishment by overseeding on reclaimed forest hilly land. This experiment was carried out on sloping shrub land near Anseong, Gyeonggido to evaluate the effects of herbicide application on growth control of native weeds, shrubs and trees. We evaluated 63 different weeds and wood species in the trials, which are grown common in korean forest. Buthidazol and 4 other herbicides (sodium chlorate, glyphosate, U-46 and gramoxone) were sprayed each at two application rates during the period of the most intensive growth, on 20 July 45 days before overseeding of pasture species. Glyphosate and sodium chlorate gave excellant control of growth of all species. However. Juncus effusus, Carex heterostachya, Polygonatum humile, Rubus corchorifolius, Lonicera coeralea and Rhododendron mucronulatum were classified as a tolerant weed and wood species to herbicides. Herbicide buthidazol showed also successive control of regrowth of weeds and wood species. But buthidazol was evaluated as a none available herbicide for use in pasture establishment. because o! their long persist of toxic herbicide residue in soils after treatments. Herbicide 1:-46 and gramoxone had almost no effect on regrowth of shrubs and tree species.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.635-645
• /
• 2014

The changes of rainfall pattern and impervious covers have increased disaster risks in urbanized areas. Impervious covers such as roads and building roofs have been dramatically increased. So, it is falling the ability safety of flood defense equipments to exist. Runoff coefficient means ratio of runoff by whole rainfall which is able to directly contribute at surface runoff during rainfall event. The application of accurate runoff coefficients is very important in sewer pipelines design. This study has been performed to estimate runoff characteristics change which are applicable to the process of sewer pipelines design or various public facilities design. It has used the SHER model, a long-term runoff model, to analyze the impact of a rising impervious covers on runoff coefficient change. It thus analyzed the long-term runoff to analyze rainfall basins extraction. Consequently, it was found that impervious surfaces could be a important factor for urban flood control. We could suggest the application of accurate runoff coefficients in accordance to the land Impervious covers. The average increase rates of runoff coefficients increased 0.011 for 1% increase of impervious covers. By having the application of the results, we could improve plans for facilities design.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.4689-4692
• /
• 2016

Purpose: To study the clinical application value of ultrasound guided thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy and thinprep cytology testing in diagnosis of thyroid disease. Methods: A total of 78 patients with thyroid nodules were enrolled, 34 males and 44 females, aged 33-64 years old with mean age of 47.6 years. All underwent thyroid module fine needle puncture after surgery to assess cell pathology and histopathological features. Results: Sufficient specimens were obtained from all of 78 patients, the cytological results of 73 cases (93.6 %) being consistent with pathological results. While 20 cases (25.6 %) were malignant tumors, 44 (56.4 %) were benign and 9 (11.5 %) were non-tumor lesions. The sensitivity of benign and malignant thyroid nodule by thyroid fine needle puncture was 90.9 %, specificity was 98.1 % and the positive predictive value was 96.3 %. Conclusions: It is demonstrated that ultrasound-guided thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy and thinprep cytology testing have diagnostic value in clinical application for thyroid disease,showing good diagnostic coincidence rates with histopathological examination. They can thus be regarded as safe and effective for preoperative diagnosis and providing an appropriate basis for selection of surgery.