• BMB Reports
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.634-639
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• 2020

In prostate cancer, the androgen receptor (AR) transcription factor is a major regulator of cell proliferation and metastasis. To identify new AR regulators, we focused on Mixed lineage leukemia 5 (MLL5), a histone-regulating enzyme, because significantly higher MLL5 expression was detected in prostate cancer tissues than in matching normal tissues. When we expressed shRNAs targeting MLL5 gene in prostate cancer cell line, the growth rate and AR activity were reduced compared to those in control cells, and migration ability of the knockdown cells was reduced significantly. To determine the molecular mechanisms of MLL5 on AR activity, we proved that AR physically interacted with MLL5 and other co-factors, including SET-1 and HCF-1, using an immunoprecipitation method. The chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed reduced binding of MLL5, co-factors, and AR enzymes to AR target gene promoters in MLL5 shRNA-expressing cells. Histone H3K4 methylation on the AR target gene promoters was reduced, and H3K9 methylation at the same site was increased in MLL5 knockdown cells. Finally, xenograft tumor formation revealed that reduction of MLL5 in prostate cancer cells retarded tumor growth. Our results thus demonstrate the important role of MLL5 as a new epigenetic regulator of AR in prostate cancer.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.49-71
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• 2004

Demand-side Management can be defined as'any utility activity aimed at modifying customers' use of energy to produce desired changes in the utility's load shape'. Customers benefit by being able to control energy costs and improve quality of life and become more productive. Utilities benefit from DSM's value as a resource that enhances asset utilization and reduces both fuel costs and environmental emissions. The scope of DSM includes load management through rate schedules and conservation by improving energy effciency and using electricity consumption effectively. This paper study the DSM resource evaluation and customer behavior analysis todesign the DSM Program plan in response to customer needs. We develop basic system dynamics model to analysis the customer behavior based on a survey research. The DSM Program participants in the Hi- efficiency Inverter, Electric motor and efficient lighting applicancies operating by Conservation program 2002 become the survey objects. DSM resource evaluation evaluate firstt the distribution potentialities of each machine and then forecast the degree of diffusion. We apply the system dynamic approach to simulate the dynamic DSM market situation at the domestic beginning. This model will give the energy Planner the opportunity to create different scenarios for DSM program planning. Also it will lead to increased understanding of the dynamic DSM market

• Mycobiology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2009

The process of biodegradation in lingo-cellulosic materials is critically relevant to biospheric carbon. The study of this natural process has largely involved laboratory investigations, focused primarily on the biodegradation and recycling of agricultural by-products, generally using basidiomycetes species. In order to collect super white rot fungi and evaluate its ability to degrade lingo-cellulosic material, 35 fungal strains, collected from forests, humus soil, livestock manure, and dead trees, were screened for enzyme activities and their potential to decolorize the commercially used Poly-R 478 dye. In the laccase enzymatic analysis chemical test, 33 white rot fungi and 2 brown rot fungi were identified. The degradation ability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) according to the utilized environmental conditions was higher in the mushrooms grown in dead trees and fallen leaves than in the mushrooms grown in humus soil and livestock manure. Using Poly-R 478 dye to assess the PAH-degradation activity of the identified strains, four strains, including Agrocybe pediades, were selected. The activities of laccase, MnP, and Lip of the four strains with PAH-degrading ability were highest in Pleurotus incarnates. 87 fungal strains, collected from forests, humus soil, livestock manure, and dead trees, were screened for enzyme activities and their potential to decolorize the commercially used Poly-R 478 dye on solid media. Using Poly-R 478 dye to assess the PAHdegrading activity of the identified strains, it was determined that MKACC 51632 and 52492 strains evidenced superior activity in static and shaken liquid cultures. Subsequent screening on plates containing the polymeric dye poly R-478, the decolorization of which is correlated with lignin degradation, resulted in the selection of a strain of Coriolus versicolor, MKACC52492, for further study, primarily due to its rapid growth rate and profound ability to decolorize poly R-478 on solid media. Considering our findings using Poly-R 478 dye to evaluate the PAH-degrading activity of the identified strains, Coriolus versicolor, MKACC 52492 was selected as a favorable strain. Coriolus versicolor, which was collected from Mt. Yeogi in Suwon, was studied for the production of the lignin-modifying enzymes laccase, manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP).

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1994년도 춘계학술대회 and 제3회 신약개발 연구발표회
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• pp.339-339
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• 1994

It has been reported that Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring compound In cruclferous vegetables, exerts anticarcinogenic activity In several organs In rodents. The modifying effects of I3C were therefore assessed uging a rat multi-organ carcinogenesis model. A total of 100 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided Into 3 groups. Animals of groups 1 and 2 were sequentially treated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN; 100 mg/kg b.w., i.p.), N-methylnitrosourea (NNU; 20 mg/kg b.w., 4 times for 2 weeks, i.p), and dihydroxy-di-N-propylnitrosauine (DHPN; 0.1% In d.w. for 2 weeks) for 4 weeks (DMD treatment). Animals of groups 1 and 3 were given the diet of 0.25% I3C for 20 weeks after DMD initiation and then were given basal diet for 28 weeks. All animals were sacrificed at week 24 and 52, respectively. I3C has been clearly demonstrated promoting effects on the development of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive hepatic foci at 24 weeks of the experiment. And I3C also exerted promoting potential In the hepatocellular adenoma (4/14; 29%) and the adenoma (7/14; 50%) of the thyroid gland at 52 weeks of the experiment. Therefore, I3C may promote hepatocarcinogenesis and thyroid tumorigenesis in the rat multi-organ carcinogenesis model.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1247-1248
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• 2022

Due to rapid urbanization and population growth, it has become crucial to analyze the various volumes and characteristics of pedestrian pathways to understand the capacity and level of service (LOS) for pathways to promote a better walking environment. Different indicators have been developed to measure pedestrian volume. The pedestrian level of service (PLOS), tailored to analyze pedestrian pathways based on the concept of the LOS in transportation in the Highway Capacity Manual, has been widely used. PLOS is a measurement concept used to assess the quality of pedestrian facilities, from grade A (best condition) to grade F (worst condition), based on the flow rate, average speed, occupied space, and other parameters. Since the original PLOS approach has been criticized for producing idealistic results, several modified versions of PLOS have also been developed. One of these modified versions is perceived PLOS, which measures the LOS for pathways by considering pedestrians' awareness levels. However, this method relies on survey-based measurements, making it difficult to continuously deploy the technique to all the pathways. To measure PLOS more quantitatively and continuously, researchers have adopted computer vision technologies to automatically assess pedestrian flows and PLOS from CCTV videos. However, there are drawbacks even with this method because CCTVs cannot be installed everywhere, e.g., in alleyways. Recently, a technique to monitor bio-signals, such as electrodermal activity (EDA), through wearable sensors that can measure physiological responses to external stimuli (e.g., when another pedestrian passes), has gained popularity. It has the potential to continuously measure perceived PLOS. In their previous experiment, the authors of this study found that there were many significant EDA responses in crowded places when other pedestrians acting as external stimuli passed by. Therefore, we hypothesized that the EDA responses would be significantly higher in places where relatively more dynamic objects pass, i.e., in crowded areas with low PLOS levels (e.g., level F). To this end, the authors conducted an experiment to confirm the validity of EDA in inferring the perceived PLOS. The EDA of the subjects was measured and analyzed while watching both the real-world and virtually created videos with different pedestrian volumes in a laboratory environment. The results showed the possibility of inferring the amount of pedestrian volume on the pathways by measuring the physiological reactions of pedestrians. Through further validation, the research outcome is expected to be used for EDA-based continuous measurement of perceived PLOS at the alley level, which will facilitate modifying the existing walking environments, e.g., constructing pathways with appropriate effective width based on pedestrian volume. Future research will examine the validity of the integrated use of EDA and acceleration signals to increase the accuracy of inferring the perceived PLOS by capturing both physiological and behavioral reactions when walking in a crowded area.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2017

연구목적 소위 '행동증상 아형 전두측두엽 치매 표현형모사 증후군(behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia phenocopy syndrome)' 환자들은 일차성 정신장애와 감별이 힘들고, 기존의 치료 약물에 대한 반응도 회의적이어서, 오진의 위험과 법적 문제의 유발 가능성이 높으므로, 이러한 양상을 보이는 환자군에 대한 지속적인 관심과 연구가 필요함을 환기 시키기 위해서 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 2000년 부터 2016년 까지 발행된 영문 학술지에 게재된 논문을 인터넷에서 'frontotemporal', 'phenocopy', 'behavioral'과 같은 단어의 조합으로 검색하여 찾은 참고문헌을 정리, 고찰하였다. 또한 저자가 직접 경험한 두 증례를 간략히 기술하였다. 결과 환자의 행동 증상은 가족과 지역사회에 큰 영향을 끼치므로 행동증상 아형 전두측두엽 치매에서 정확한 진단이 중요하다. 그러나, 행동증상 아형 전두측두엽 치매에서 현재까지 질병 수정 치료법은 개발되지 않았으며, 현재의 약물학적 치료는 특수한 증상에 도움이 될 뿐이고, 적절한 정신의학적 치료에도 불구하고 점진적인 퇴행이 진행된다. 상당수의 '행동증상 아형 전두측두엽 치매 의심(possible bvFTD)' 환자에서 임상적으로 '행동증상 아형 전두측두엽 치매 가능(probable bvFTD)'으로 진행되지 않으며, 인지기능이나 사회적 기능이 저하되지 않고, 활동 기능의 저하를 보이지 않으며, 생존기간이 조금 더 길고, 수년에 걸쳐서 정상적인 뇌영상화 검사 소견을 보인다. 결론 환전두측두엽 치매 및 일차성 정신장애 환자에서 보이는 전형적인 임상적 양상이나 경과, 뇌영상화 검사를 포함한 진단적 평가와는 다른 비전형적인 소견을 보이는 환자군들은 생각보다 많으며, 정신의학과 의사들이 이에 대한 의학적 지식과 판별 능력이 발전되면, 그 발견의 비율은 훨씬 더 높아질 것이다. 그러나, 현재로서는 이러한 비전형적인 환자군의 정체에 대해서는 이견이 많으며, 향후 적극적인 연구가 행해져야할 분야이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.335-356
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• 1997

Injection of bovine growth hormone (bGH) to lactating dairy cows increases milk yield and yields of milk components including fat. It is generally believed that most of the anabolic effects derived from bGH in animal tissues are primarily mediated by IGF-1. IGF-1 is a strong anabolic peptide in the plasma of animals and exerts mitogenic and metabolic effects on target cells. Contrary to most protein hormones, the majority of IGF-1 in circulation is bound to the binding proteins (IGFBPs) which are known to be responsible for modifying the biological actions of IGF-1, thus making determinations of IGF-1 actions more difficult. On the other hand, fat is a major milk component and the greatest energy source in milk. Currently, the fat content of milk is one of the major criteria used in determining milk prices. It has been known that flavor and texture of dairy products are mainly affected by milk fat and its composition. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is the rate limiting enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis in 1ipogenic tissues of animals including bovine lactating mammary glands. In addition to the short-tenn hormonal regulation of ACC by changes in the catalytic efficiency per enzyme molecule brought about by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the enzyme, the long-term hormonal regulation of ACC by changes in the number of enzyme molecules plays an essential role in control of ACC and lipogenesis. Insulin, at supraphysiological concentrations, binds to IGF-1 receptors, thereby mimicking the biological effects of IGF-1. The receptors for insulin and IGF-1 share structural and functional homology. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor increased ACC activity in rat hepatocytes and adipocytes. Therefore, it can be assumed that IGF-1 mediating bGH action may increase milk fat production by stimulation ACC with phosphorylation (short term) and/or increasing amounts of the enzyme proteins (long term). Consequently, the main purpose of this paper is to give the readers not only the galactopoietic effects of bGH, but also the insight of bGH action with regard to stimulating milk fat synthesis from the whole body to the molecular levels.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권52호
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• pp.346.1-346.11
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• 2018

Background: To evaluate the therapeutic benefits of the treat-to-target (T2T) strategy for Asian patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Korea. Methods: In a 1-year, multicenter, open-label strategy trial, 346 patients with early RA were recruited from 20 institutions across Korea and stratified into 2 groups, depending on whether they were recruited by rheumatologists who have adopted the T2T strategy (T2T group) or by rheumatologists who provided usual care (non-T2T group). Data regarding demographics, rheumatoid factor titer, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody titer, disease activity score of 28 joints (DAS28), and Korean Health Assessment Questionnaire (KHAQ) score were obtained at baseline and after 1 year of treatment. In the T2T group, the prescription for disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs was tailored to the predefined treatment target in each patient, namely remission (DAS28 < 2.6) or low disease activity (LDA) ($2.6{\leq}DAS28$ < 3.2). Results: Data were available for 163 T2T patients and 162 non-T2T patients. At the end of the study period, clinical outcomes were better in the T2T group than in the non-T2T group (LDA or remission, 59.5% vs. 35.8%; P < 0.001; remission, 43.6% vs. 19.8%; P < 0.001). Compared with non-T2T, T2T was also associated with higher rate of good European League Against Rheumatism response (63.0% vs. 39.8%; P < 0.001), improved KHAQ scores (-0.38 vs. -0.13; P = 0.008), and higher frequency of follow-up visits (5.0 vs. 2.0 visits/year; P < 0.001). Conclusion: In Asian patients with early RA, T2T improves disease activity and physical function. Setting a pre-defined treatment target in terms of DAS28 is recommended.