• 아동학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.57-75
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the rate of occurrence of challenging behaviors in young children according to their increase in age. The study is based on the responses of teachers in child care centers(N=246). They were asked which 38 types of challenging behavior occur most among ages 2, 3, 4, or 5 in young children's classrooms. The major results of this study were as follows. First, the occurrence rates of young children's challenging behaviors were classified into 5 clusters; decreased(Cluster 1, Cluster 2, Cluster 3), maintained(Cluster 4), or increased(Cluster 5) according to increases in their respective ages. Second, the behaviors such as throwing tantrums and biting, evident in Cluster 1, decreased very rapidly from a very high occurrence rate by age 3. The classroom culture maladjustment behaviors such as running aimlessly around the classroom and shouting, apparent in Cluster 2, had decreased rapidly from a high occurrence rate by age 4. The intentional classroom disruptive behaviors such as dropping objects to create noise and the peer culture maladjustment behaviors studied in Cluster 3 decreased gradually from a rate of medium occurrence by age 5. These results revealed the discontinuity which a few young children exhibit. Third, hurting others, observed in Cluster 4 maintained a low occurrence rate from age 2 until age 5. Using inappropriate language and threatening others in Cluster 5 increased gradually from a low occurrence at 2 to a high rate of occurrence at age 5. By carefully examining the change of young children's challenging behaviors on the basis of objective data in terms of the continuity/discontinuity and increased/decreased rate of diverse challenging behaviors, we will be better able help teachers and parents to plan the instruction, prevention and intervention of young children's challenging behaviors.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.403-408
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• 1987

The occurrence of abomasal displacement in Tokachi Shimizu Cho, Hokkaido, Japan has been surveyed in relation to milk production from 1979 to 1986. In 1983 when dairy cows produced over 5.000kg of milk yield per year. the occurrence rate of abomasal displacement increased over 1%. Thereafter, the occurrence rate increased markedly as the milk production approached 6.000kg. In order to increase the number of cows which can be surgically corrected, a special ambulatory vehicle for surgery was designed. Since more cows were surgically corrected. there was a subsequent decrease in the culling rate of cows with abomasal displacement. The present survey indicated that the occurrence rate of abomasal displacement was closely related to milk production, and that surgical correction was a very effective method to treat this condition.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.614-622
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to research attributes of fishermen's occupational accidents for investigating the measure of risk control on situational condition in the Korean offshore and coastal fishing vessel. Using data of fishermen's occupational accidents are from National federation of fisheries cooperatives for 2013. The results were as belows; Occupational accident occurrence rate was 29.5‰, slips & trips and struck by object and contact with gear were shown severe occurrence pattern. Occupational accident occurrence rate of offshore fisheries was 130.2‰, coastal was 16.9‰, specially the risk rates were severely high in several type of danish seine, stow net and offshore trap. Death rate by accidents was 10.6‰ and by fall into the water in occurrence pattern was 5.5‰.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2002

'황금배' 동녹발생이 해에 따라 큰 차이를 보이는 것은 강우가 크게 관여하기 때문인 바 본 연구에서는 강우와 동녹발생과의 관계를 구명하기 위하여 인위적으로 가습처리를 하여 높은 상대습도와의 관계를 구명하였다. 높은 상대습도는 기공저항을 적게 하였다. 따라서 순수동화산물의 축적이 과실의 비대를 촉진하여 가습처리에서 평균 과중이 크게 나타났다 광합성속도에는 처리간의 차이가 없었다. 동녹 발생시기는 과중과 과실표면적의 신장속도가 가장 빠른 시기인 7월 25일 전후이며, 높은 상대습도가 과실의 신장을 촉진하였으므로 가습처리에서 동녹발생이 많았다. 7월 하순은 과실의 칼슘농도변화가 큰 시기로서 세포벽 구성에 주요한 물질인 칼슘량의 저하가 동녹발생과 상관이 있을 것으로 생각된다. 강우에 의한 높은 상대습도가 동녹발생에 미치는 영향은 높은 상대습도에 의해 순수광합성물질의 많아지고 이에 따라 과실신장이 빨라지나 과실세포의 신장을 위해 전류되는 동화산물량과 이동되는 수분 포함한 무기성분량의 일시적 불균형이 큰 이유 중의 하나라고 생각된다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.88.2-88.2
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• 2012

We investigate solar flare occurrence rate and daily flare probability depending on McIntosh sunspot classification, its area, and its area change. For this we use the NOAA active region and GOES solar flare data for 15 years (from January 1996 to December 2010). We consider the most flare-productive 10 sunspot classification: 'Dko', 'Dai', 'Eai', 'Fai', 'Dki', 'Dkc', 'Eki', 'Ekc', 'Fki', and 'Fkc'. Sunspot area and its change can be a proxy of magnetic flux and its emergence/cancellation, respectively. we classify each sunspot group into two sub-groups: 'Large' and 'Small'. In addition, for each group, we classify it into three sub-groups according to sunspot group area change: 'Decrease', 'Steady', and 'Increase'. As a result, in the case of compact groups, their flare occurrence rates and daily flare probabilities noticeably increase with sunspot group area. We also find that the flare occurrence rates and daily flare probabilities for the 'Increase' sub-groups are noticeably higher than those for the other sub-groups. In case of the (M+X)-class flares of 'Dkc' group, the flare occurrence rate of the 'Increase' sub-group is three times higher than that of the 'Steady' sub-group. Mean flare occurrence rates and flare probabilities for all sunspot regions increase with the following order: 'Steady', 'Decrease', and 'Increase'. Our results statistically demonstrate that magnetic flux and its emergence enhance major solar flare occurrence. We are going to forecast solar flares based on these results and NOAA scale.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2013

PURPOSES : This research is to analyze the influence in terms of misreading rate and legibility time for drivers when condensation occurs on the road signs. METHODS : In this research, the dew occurred road signs provided to drivers to measure legibility time and misreading rate to compare with normal road sign. In order to identify the difference of legibility time between normal road sign and dew occurred road sign, the T-test and ANOVA test were used. And the vision system was used to recognize the region of dew occurrence on the road sign, then the brightness of dew occurrence region on the road sign was changed to check the misreading rate of drivers according to the change rate of brightness. RESULTS : The legibility times were measured 2.65s for normal road sign and 4.08s for dew occurrence road sign and misreading rates were measured 2.8% for normal road sign, 21.7% for dew occurrence road sign.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.281-290
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• 1989

To gain insight into the relationship between the occurrence of occlusive arrhythmia(OA) and the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmia(RA), this study used 25 open-chest dogs anesthetized with halothan, these were ligated between anterior ventricular branch and marginal branch of left circumflex artery for 30 minutes and occlusive arrhythmia were observed during the ligation. After releasing of the ligation, TA were observed during 5 minutes. The results were summerized as follow； 1. Such arrhythmias as ventricular fibrillation(VF), short run type VPC Premature contraction(VPC), Venticular tachycardia(VT), ventricularc and trigeminy VPC(TVPC) were observed during occlusion and reperfusion. 2. The cases occurred VT, SRVPC and TVPC during occlusion necessarily were Incidence of RA. 3. RA never occurred without appearence of occlusive arrhythmias. 4. The occurrence rate of OA showed 55.5% in the incidence group of RA and 24.6％ in the non incidence group of RA. 5. The occurrence rate of VPC during occlusion showed 9.9＋5.85(episode/min) in the incidence group of RA and 4.46＋5.88(episode/min) in the non-incidence group of RA. These results may be estimated that the occurrence of VT, SRVPC and TVPC, and the high occurrence rate of VPC during occlusion can be predicted the incidence.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권12호
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• pp.2505-2510
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• 2009

Semiconductor processes need measurement to confirm where there are problems in quality after progresses manufacturing process. This paper suggests equipment and automatic measure sampling method that control monitoring ratio according to change point occurrence availability of process that is not measure method by the existent simple ratio rate. This paper defines measure section as ailment section, metastable section and stability section by change point standard and create statistical model of each section and developed suitable measure rate model by section. As a result, we have accomplished maximum throughput and minimum sampling number that needs to maintain constant level of quality. Proposed method minimizes load of measure process by brings production quality sophistication and decrease of process badness and lowers measure rate in stable section making perception about problem occurrence quick heightening measure rate at change point occurrence.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 오대산국립공원 내 도로를 대상으로 2003년에서 2007년까지 로드킬 현황을 조사하고 종별 발생특성, 월별 발생분포, 토지이용 현황별 로드킬 특성을 분석하여, 로드킬 저감을 위한 기초자료를 제시하는 것이었다. 로드킬은 총 427건이 발생하였으며, 대부분 소형포유류인 것으로 나타났다. 포유류와 파충류에서는 다람쥐와 누룩뱀, 조류는 노랑턱멧새의 발생빈도가 높았다. 포유류와 파충류는 여름철과 가을철, 조류는 봄부터 여름사이의 발생빈도가 높게 나타났으며, 로드킬은 야생통물의 활통시기 및 번식시기 그리고 차량 이통량 증가와 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 야생동물 로드킬 빈도는 도로변 토지이용형태에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 도로 양측이 밭인 경우에 가장 높았다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.352-356
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• 1997

우리 나라 농가포장에 현재까지 잡초성 벼인 앵미가 잔존하게된 경로를 추정하고자 앵미 발생이 극심한 농가포장을 선정하여 전체 개체에 대한 앵미 발생비율, 단위면적당 앵미 개체수, 이앙재배와 직파재배 포장에서의 앵미 발생 위치 등을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 이앙재배 포장에서 앵미 발생율이 가장 높았던 것은 5.5％였다. 2. 직파재배 포장의 앵미 발생이 이앙재배 포장보다 많았다. 3. 이앙재배 포장에서는 앵미가 대부분 재배벼 주내에 혼입되어 있었으나, 골뿌림 직파재배 포장에서는 골 사이에 발생한 앵미 개체가 많았다. 4. 비장려품종 재배 포장에서의 앵미 발생이 장려품종 재배 포장보다 많았다. 5. 이앙재배에서 앵미는 대부분 재배벼 종자에 혼입되어 잔존하였고, 극히 일부는 자연탈립에 의하였으며, 직파재배에서는 자연탈립에 의한 앵미 발생이 종자혼입에 의한 발생보다 많았다.