• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.76-85
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• 2012

Geochemical and ecological properties of remediated soil and gas exhausted from a low-temperature thermal desorption (LTTD) process were analyzed to assess the environmental impact of LTTD treatment. Soil characteristics were examined with regard to the chemical (EC, CEC, and organic matter) and the ecological (dehydrogenase activity, germination rate of Brassica juncea, and growth of Eisenia andrei) properties. The exhaust gases were analyzed based on the Air Quality Act in Korea as well as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and mixed odor. Level of organic Organic matter of the soil treated by LTTD process was slightly decreased compared to that of the original soil because the heating temperature ($200^{\circ}C$) and retention time (less than 15 minutes) were neither high nor long enough for the oxidation of organic matter. The LTTD process results in reducing TPH of the contaminated soil from $5,133{\pm}508$ mg/kg to $272{\pm}107$ mg/kg while preserving soil properties. Analysis results of the exhaust gases from the LTTD process satisfied discharge standard of Air Quality Law in Korea. Concentration of VOCs including acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde and valeraldehyde in circulation gas volatilized from contaminated soil were effectively reduced in the regenerative thermal oxidizer and all satisfied the legal standards. Showing ecologically improved properties of contaminated soil after LTTD process and environmentally tolerable impact of the exhaust gas, LTTD treatment of TPH-contaminated soil is an environmentally acceptable technology.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.67-77
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• 2000

For successful privatization of environmental facility, a sound environmental policy is required to satisfy social motivation and economic. The primary purpose of environmental facility is not profit, but to supply a good quality service, an efficient management tool is needed to run the facility. In foreign countries, the privatization policy was originally based on the principle of complete competition achieving economic effiency. There were efficient cooperation and division of labor between civillian and public sector. First of all, the local government had independant budget. But, we found that the environmental facility have two important problems, the first is low effiency of operation and the second is comsumed to government finances as a homemade rate 50% in the technic application For a successful privatization of the environmental facility, The law of private capital introduction should be amended to promote fund raising. There are some other strategies ; overcoming of Nimbyism, research development of the privatization, field trip to the successful foreign environmental facilities. To support an efficient privatization policy, the environmental budget should be managed by cost-benefit analysis.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.247-252
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• 2014

Despite the facts that navigation technology and educational programs were developed, and that maritime law has been enforced strictly, the number of maritime accidents has not dropped significantly. Accident prevention is emphasized because of the extreme life, property, and environmental losses that accompany maritime accidents. Even though there are a variety of preventive activities, their performance is not satisfactory. In order to promote preventive activities and to organize safety management, a Preventive Index of Ship Accident(PISA) and a Preventive Level of Ship Accident(PLSA) which are abstracted from the statistical data of ship accidents (2009~2013) are proposed. The survey module by which these variables can be calculated is composed of preventive domains such as education, engineering, enforcement and information, and is applied for the preventive indexes measurement of cargo, passenger, tanker, tugboat and fishery ships. We compared and analyzed measured result with statistical accident rates and cases to confirm the index utilities. It was found that there is some correlation between the index value and the ship accident rate. It is expected that this index will become useful to evaluate a preventive status for the prevention of ship accidents and for the maritime safety culture.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.190-198
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• 2020

For domestic urban railways, which have a 19.7% aging rate, a performance evaluation is necessary to establish capital improvement investment plans. The performance evaluation, which was recently enacted in the relevant law, points out the excessive time and effort for acquiring data and evaluation. This study developed a performance evaluation simulation prototype using a virtual reality (VR) method to use as training contents for railway performance evaluations. The practical use of the VR technique to reduce the working time under poor environment conditions was confirmed through a literature review. A survey and consultation were conducted for urban railway experts to determine the weight of the performance evaluation items and the facility breakdown structure. This information was utilized to develop performance evaluation sheets for simulation. Based on the evaluation sheet, a training content prototype that evaluates the performance of platform safety doors was developed using VR techniques with HTC VIVE equipment. VR simulation tests were conducted for six players, and the prototype was sufficiently advantageous for a visual confirmation of the facility information. The result is expected to be useful for engineers to understand the performance evaluation process efficiently before an actual performance evaluation of urban railway facilities.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.10-18
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• 2011

Medical asset protection is important in each medical institution especially because of the law on private medical record protection and face recognition for this protection is one of the most interesting and challenging problems. In recognizing human faces, the distortion of face images can be caused by the change of pose, illumination, expressions and scale. It is difficult to recognize faces due to the locations of lights and the directions of lights. In order to overcome those problems, this paper presents an analysis of coefficients of Gabor wavelets, kernel decision, feature point, size of kernel, for face recognition in CCTV surveillance. The proposed method consists of analyses. The first analysis is to select of the kernel from images, the second is an coefficient analysis for kernel sizes and the last is the measure of changes in garbo kernel sizes according to the change of image sizes. Face recognitions are processed using the coefficients of experiment results and success rate is 97.3%. Ultimately, this paper suggests empirical application to verify the adequacy and the validity with the proposed method. Accordingly, the satisfaction and the quality of services will be improved in the face recognition area.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2004

Benzoyl peroxide is a High Production Volume Chemical, which is produced about 1,371 tons/year in Korea as of 2001 survey. The substance is mainly used as initiators in polymerization, catalysts in the plastics industry, bleaching agents for flour and medication for acne vulgaris. In this study, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) are used for getting adequate information on the physical -chemical properties of this chemical. And hydrolysis in water, acute toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial organisms for benzoyl peroxide were studied. The physical -chemical properties of benzoyl peroxide were estimated as followed; vapor pressure=0.00929 Pa, Log $K_{ow}$ = 3.43, Henry's Law constant=3.54${\times}$10$^{-6}$ atm-㎥/mole at $25^{\circ}C$, the half-life of photodegradation=3 days and bioconcentration factor (BCF)=92. Hydrolysis half-life of benzoyl peroxide in water was 5.2 hr at pH 7 at $25^{\circ}C$ and according to the structure of this substance hydrolysis product was expected to benzoic acid. Benzoyl peroxide has toxic effects on the aquatic organisms. 72 hr-Er $C_{50}$ (growth rate) for algae was 0.44 mg/1.,48 hr-E $C_{50}$ for daphnia was 0.07mg/L and the 96hr-L $C_{50}$ of acute toxicity to fish was 0.24mg/L. Acute toxicity to terrestrial organisms (earth worm) of benzoyl peroxide was low (14 day-L $C_{50}$ = > 1,000 mg/kg). Although benzoyl peroxide is high toxic to aquatic organisms, the substance if not bioaccumulated because of the rapid removal by hydrolysis (half-life=5.2 hr at pH 7 at $25^{\circ}C$) and biodegradation (83% by BOD after 21 days). The toxicity observed is assumed to be due to benzoyl peroxide rather than benzoic acid, which shows much lower toxicity to aquatic organisms. One can assume that effects occur before hydrolysis takes place. From the acute toxicity value of algae, daphnia and fish, an assessment factor of 100 was used to determine the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC). The PNEC was calculated to be 0.7$\mu\textrm{g}$/L based on the 48 hr-E $C_{50}$ daphnia (0.07 mg/L). The substance shows high acute toxicity to aquatic organisms and some information indicates wide-dispersive ore of this substance. So this substance is, a candidate for further work, even if it hydrolysis rapidly and has a low bioaccumulation potential. This could lead to local concern for the aquatic environment and therefore environmental exposure assessment is recommended.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.258-267
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• 2000

The result of five year's experience on Inter-laboratory Comparison for Analyses of Heavy Metals and Organic Solvent Metabolites in Biological Samples was described. Since 1995, around a hundred laboratories in the Occupational Health have participated this program twice per year by the Industrial Safety and Health Law. Four metals in blood and five organic solvent metabolites in urine were examined. Reference samples were made by spiking standard materials to human blood or urine pools treated previously to give homogeneity and stability for a specific time periods. Some reference samples for organic solvent metabolites were made from workers' urine who were exposed to the organic solvents. Some items such as Lead in blood and Hippuric acid in urine showed good accordance between participants while the other items such as Mercury and N-methylformamide in urine showed poor proficient rate. The results were published in the internet or newspaper to help the consumer of the laboratory's service to get the information on them and to make competition between them. The inter-laboratory's comparison program have done greate role to improve the ability of analysis and reliability of analytical data produced from each laboratory.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.548-556
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• 2015

The highly maneuverable fighter aircraft such as F-22, F-16 and F-15have the high maneuverability to maximize the combat performance, whereas the high maneuver characteristics might degrade the pilot's mission efficiency due to fatigue's increase by exposing him to the high gravity and, in the worst case, the pilot could face GLOC (Gravity-induced Loss Of Consciousness). The advanced aerospace company has applied the various technologies to improve the pilot's tolerance to the gravity acceleration, in order to prevent the pilot from entering the situation of the loss of consciousness. Especially, the Anti-G Suit(AGS) equipment to protect the pilot against the high gravity in flight could improve the mission success rate by decreasing the pilot's fatigue in the combat maneuver as well as prevent the pilot from facing GLOC. In this paper, a control algorithm is developed and verified to provide an optimal air pressure to AGS according to the gravity increase during the high performance maneuver. This result is expected, as the key technology, to contribute to the KF-X(Korean Fighter eXperimental), project in the near future.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.2 s.259
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• pp.117-126
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• 2006

Background: The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of malpractice claims related to hemopneumothorax and to identify the causes and potential preventability of such claims. Material and Method: A retrospective study was performed by reviewing the records in the Lawnb website and Lx CD-rom: the records on closed malpractice claims involving hemopneumothorax were abstracted from the files available for analysis. The records were reviewed and were analysed to determine the etiology of hemopneumothorax, patient age, results of lawsuit and indemnity payment, underlying diseases, cause of death or complications, and the factors associated with a successful defense. Result: Seven closed claim involving hemopneumothorax were founded in the data for malpractice. Three claims were supreme court decision, one was a high court decision and three claims were district court decision. The most common cause of death was tension pneumothorax. Four of which resulted in indemnity payments. Conclusion: While malpractice claims involving hemopneumothorax were uncommon, they resulted in a high rate and amount of indemnity payments. Claims are more common in pediatric patients. In case of iatrogenic hemopneumothorax, post-procedural X-ray can improve patient outcome and is also associated with decreased indemnity risks. Informed consent is also important.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.200-213
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• 1993

A model experiment on a midwater rope trawl net which is used in the North Pacific to catch alaska pollack is carried out in the circulating tank to examine the basic efficiency of the net. The prototype is the net used by M/S Hanil(1, 179GT, 2, 700PS), a Korean trawler. The model net was made according to the Tauti's Similarity Law of Fishing Gear in 1/100 scale by considering the condition of the tank. To measure the basic efficiency of the standard model net, the vertical opening and width between some points marked on the net were measured, and the hydrodynamic resistance were determined. Then the constructive conditions of the net were varied as follows and the factors were measured again to compare the efficiency of those nets with that of the standard net(A-1 type) front weight multiplied 1.5 times: A-2 type. buoyancy and depressing force multiplied 1.7 times: A-3 type. front weight multiplied 1.5 times on A-3 type: A-4 type. depressors rigged at ground rope: B type. cod-end stuffed with cashmylon wad: C type. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The vertical opening at the center of head rope was steeply decreased with the flow velocity increasing and the vertical opening H(m) can be expressed in H=1.2v super(-1.2)(v : flow velocity in m/sec). The width of the net varied a little when the flow velocity was over 0.4m/sec, and the width of net mouth showed about 37% of the distance between the fore tips of net pendant. The shape of net mouth was almost a circle at 0.2m/sec and then steeply flatted elliptically with the flow velocity increasing and the area of mouth S(m super(2)) can be expressed in S=(1.65-2.3v)$\times$10 super(-2). The hydrodynamic resistance of the net increased almost linearly with the flow velocity increasing and the resistance R(kg) can be expressed in R=3.2$\times$d/l$\times$abv. where d/l denotes the mean of d(diameter of netting twine) and l(length of a leg in a mesh) from wing tip to the end of bag-net except cod-end on the side pannel, and a denotes the strectched circumference of the net at the fore end of a meshed part and b the stretched length of the whole net from wing tip to the end of cod-end. 2. In the condition-varied nets, the vertical opening of head rope showed some increase in every type net except the C type, and the increase showed the greatest in the B type by 30~54%, whereas it showed decrease in the C type by 5~10%. Variation of the area of net mouth showed almost the same tendency as the vertical opening and the increase showed the greatest in the B type by 20%, whereas it showed decrease in the C type by 12%. Hydrodynamic resistance showed some increase in every type compared with the standard net, and the rate of increase indicated 5~10% in the A-2, A-3 and A-4 type, 22% in the B type and 3% in the C type.