• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.191-195
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• 1997

The objective of this study were to compare two methods of analysis of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and to relate conentration of MUN to pregnancy rate in dairy cows. The Azotest and Sigma method for MUN analysis were compared. The Azotest consistently underestimated the Sigma values for same samples, except for those in rank 3. The CV for the Azotest, within each rank, were less than 15%, demonstrating acceptable repeatability of the Azotest within a rank. Concentrations of MUN higher or lower than MUN in rank 3 and 4 were associated with decreased pregnancy rate. Mun concentrations in rank 5 and 6 were associated with a, pp.oximately a 16 percentage point decrease in pregnancy rate. Mun concentrations in rank 5 and 6 were associated with a, pp.oximately a 16 percentage point decrease in pregnancy rate after AI in dairy cow. This results suggest that Azotest may be benificial to dairy producers to monitor urea nitrogen concentration in their herd in efforts to maintain or improve reproductive efficiency.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.1798-1806
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• 2020

In this study, we investigated whether there is a significant relationship between the natural radiation dose rate and the cancer incidences in Korea by using a big data analysis. The natural dose rate data for this analysis were the measurement data obtained from the 171 monitoring posts of the 113 administrative districts in Korea over the 10 years from 2007 to 2016. The relative cancer incidences for this analysis were the difference in the cancer patients per hundred thousand people year-on-year in the administrative districts with the five highest and the five lowest natural gamma dose rates each year over the same period. To analyze the correlation between the two variables, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between the two rates was derived using R, a well-known big data analysis tool. The analysis showed that Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was more than 0.05 and that the correlation between the two variables was not statistically significant.

• 청정기술
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.321-329
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 고수분 저등급 석탄을 저수분 석탄으로 만들기 위하여 실험실 규모의 회분식 스팀 유동층 건조기를 사용하여 수분이 약 26%함유된 인도네시아산 저등급 석탄을 5% 이하로 건조하였다. 일반적으로 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장기술(carbon capture and storage, CCS)은 $CO_2$를 재생하는 공정에서 $100{\sim}150^{\circ}C$의 스팀과 $CO_2$혼합가스를 배출한다. 이때 배출되는 가스의 열을 사용하여 저등급 석탄을 건조하는 것이 본 연구의 최종 목적이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 건조의 열원으로 스팀을 사용하고, 유동화 가스는 $CO_2$를 사용하여 저등급 석탄을 건조하였다. 연구에 사용한 스팀의 유량은 0.3~1.1 kg/hr, 온도는 $100~130^{\circ}C$, 석탄의 층높이는 9~25 cm로 변화시켰다. 건조 후 석탄의 특성 변화는 공업분석, 발열량분석 그리고 입자크기 분석을 통하여 확인하였다. 변수 실험을 수행한 결과 원탄의 건조속도는 스팀의 유량과 온도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였고, 층높이가 감소할수록 건조속도가 증가하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.693-701
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• 2016

Steam gasification of low rank coals is possible at relatively low temperature and low pressure, and thus shows higher efficiency compared to high rank coals. In this study, the gasification reactivity of four different Indonesian low rank coals (Samhwa, Eco, Roto, Kideco-L) was evaluated in $T=700-800^{\circ}C$. The low rank coals containing $53.8{\pm}3.4$ wt% volatile matter in proximate analysis and $71.6{\pm}1.2$ wt% carbon in ultimate analysis showed comparable gasification reactivity. In addition, $K_2CO_3$ catalyst rapidly accelerated the reaction rate at $700^{\circ}C$, and all of the coals were converted over 90% within 1 hour. The XRD analysis showed no significant difference in carbonization between the coals, and the FT-IR spectrum showed similar functional groups except for differences due to moisture and minerals. TGA results in pyrolysis ($N_2$) and $CO_2$ gasification atmosphere showed very similar behavior up to $800^{\circ}C$ regardless of the coal species, which is consistent with the steam gasification results. This confirms that the indirect evaluation of the reactivity can be made by the above instrumental analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1591-1598
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• 2014

The reviews of the balance sheet of commercial banks showed that loan item constitutes the largest portion of bank's assets. Although the sector has highest rate of profit, it possesses the greatest risk. Identifying factors that can contribute in lifting-up the loan repayment rate of customers of Hawassa district commercial bank is the major goal of this study. A sample of 183 customers who took loan from October, 2005 to April, 2012 was taken from the bank record. Kaplan-Meier estimation method and univariate Cox proportional hazard model were applied to identify factors affecting bank loan repayment rate. The result from Kaplan-Meier survival estimation revealed that the loan repayment rate is significantly related with loan type, and previous loan experience, educational level and mode of repayment. The log-rank test indicates that the survival probability of loan customers is not statistically different in repaying the loan among groups classified by sex. Moreover, the univariate Cox proportional hazard model result portrayed that educational level, having previous loan experience, mode of repayment, collateral type and purpose of loan are significantly related with loan repayment rate of customers commercial bank. Hence, banks should design loan strategies giving special emphasis on the significant factors while they are giving loans to their customers.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.639-643
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• 2011

저등급석탄의 고품위화 기술 중 하나인 유중 슬러리 건조 공정은 슬러리 혼합, 슬러리 탈수, 유분 회수, 건조, 성형공정으로 구성된 건조 및 안정화 공정이다. 연간 백만 톤 규모의 저등급석탄 고품위화 공정에 대한 경제성을 분석하기 위하여 재료비, 노무비, 경비, 판매관리비를 산정하고 이에 따른 현금흐름을 계산하였다. 투자비 $1억, 할인율 12%, 내용 연수 20년에 대한 IRR, B/C ratio, NPV, 할인투자회수기간을 통해 사업의 경제성을 분석한 결과 모든 투자 기준을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 민감도 분석을 통해 투자가치가 원료탄과 제품 가격에 매우 민감한 것을 확인하였으며, 석탄가격이 급등하는 현 추세에서는 예상 투자가치가 증가할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.623-627
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• 2014

Background: Esophagus cancer (EC) is among the five most common cancers in both sexes in Iran, with an incidence rate well above world average. Social rank (SR) of individuals and regions are well-known independent predictors of EC incidence. The aim of current study was to assess gender and social disparities in EC incidence across Iran's provinces through 2003-2009. Materials and Methods: Data on distribution of population at province level were obtained from the Statistical Centre of Iran. Age-standardized incidence rates of EC were gathered from the National Cancer Registry. The Human Development Index (HDI) was used to assess the province social rank. Rate ratios and Kunst and Mackenbach relative indices of inequality ($RII_{KM}$) were used to assess gender and social inequalities, respectively. Annual percentage change (APC) was calculated using joinpoint regression. Results: EC incidence rate increased 4.6% and 6.5% per year among females and males, respectively. There were no gender disparities in EC incidence over the study period. There were substantial social disparities in favor of better-off provinces in Iran. These social disparities were generally the same between males and females and were stable over the study period. Conclusions: The results showed an inverse association between the provinces' social rank and EC incidence rate in Iran. In addition, I found that, in contrast with international trends, women are at the same risk of EC as men in Iran. Further investigations are needed to explain these disparities in EC incidence across the provinces.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.4045-4050
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• 2012

Objective: The impact of ablative oral cancer surgery was studied, with particular reference to recurrence and nodal metastasis, to assess survival probability and prognostic indicators and to elucidate if ethnicity influences the survival of patients. Methods: Patients who underwent major ablative surgery of the head and neck region with neck dissection were identified and clinical records were assessed. Inclusion criteria were stage I-IV oral and oropharyngeal malignancies necessitating resection with or without radiotherapy from 2004 to 2009. All individuals had a pre-operative assessment prior to the surgery. The post operative assessment period ranged from 1 year to 5 years. Survival distributions were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: 87 patients (males:38%; females:62%) were included in this study, with an age range of 21-85 years. Some 78% underwent neck dissections while 63% had surgery and radiotherapy. Nodal recurrence was detected in 5.7% while 20.5% had primary site recurrence within the study period. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the median survival time was 57 months. One year overall survival (OS) rate was 72.7% and three year overall survival rate dropped to 61.5%. On OS analysis, the log-rank test showed a significant difference of survival between Malay and Chinese patients (Bonferroni correction p=0.033). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) analysis revealed that 25% of the patients have reached the event of recurrence at 46 months. One year RFS rate was 85.2% and the three year survival rate was 76.1%. In the RFS analysis, the log-rank test showed a significant difference in the event of recurrence and nodal metastasis (p<0.001). Conclusion: Conservative neck is effective, in conjunction with postoperative radiotherapy, for control of neck metastases. Ethnicity appears to influence the survival of the patients, but a prospective trial is required to validate this.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2012년도 제44회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.205-208
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• 2012

In this study, the thermal behavior and combustion characteristics of different ranks of coals and their blends were investigated to obtain information necessary for the evaluation of the co-processing of blends with low-rank coals. Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and differential thermal analysis(DTA) were carried out at different temperature from ambient temperature to $800^{\circ}C$, and a laboratory-scale pulverized coal combustion burner was used with coal feeing rate of $1.04{\times}10^{-4}kg/s$.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2011

Oliver flounder population density affect Oliver flounder growth and mortality rate. In laboratory pilot experiment, Oliver flounder growth rate is inversely proportional to stocking density. But previous study has not proved external validity. This study is aimed to analyze the effect of stocking density on the Oliver flounder culture farms in Jeju Island. In order to do this, I selected 13 farms in Jeju island as a sample. In the study, various analytical methods including productivity analysis, regression analysis, statistical analysis were conducted for 13 Oliver flounder culture farms. The result of analysis can be summarized as follows. First, in case of the Oliver flounder culture farms, Bertalanffy equation is not applicable to the Oliver flounder growth. Second, the Oliver flounder stocking density, defined as the surface area of Oliver flounder per $m^2$ of water surface area, is preferred to density definition defined as the weight of Oliver flounder per $m^2$ of water surface area on the Oliver Flounder Culture Farms case. Third, growth rate and production weight on the Oliver flounder culture farms are inversely proportional to stocking density on spearman rank correlation test. When extensive comparable biological and culture condition data become available, analysis model can be easily modified to yield more accurate results.