• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

In this study, the status of global advanced air mobility (AAM) was investigated to derive information and communications technologies (ICTs) that should be prepared according to directions of domestic AAM development. AAM is an urban air traffic system for moving from city to city by electric vertical take-off and landing or personal aircraft. It is expected to establish a three-dimensional air traffic system that can solve ground traffic congestion caused by the rapid global urbanization. With the full-scale commercialization of AAM solutions, high-density air traffic is expected, and with the advent of the personal air vehicle (PAV), the flight space usage is expected to expand. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a safe AAM service through early research on core ICTs for autonomous flight.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-34
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• 1995

Since 1982, the government of Korea has actively promoted vertical cooperative R&D programs between government-sponsored research institutes (GRIs) and private firms. A number of firms participated in the programs because cooperative R&D could lower the risk and could contribute to rapid commercialization of many technologies. This paper examines the effectiveness of vertical cooperative R&D projects by the modes of cooperation between GRIs and industrial firms, and analyzes the performance of participating firms' technology sourcing strategies for commercial utilization of cooperative R&D results at the project performed from 1982 to 1989 under the Government-Industry Cooperative R&D Program sponsored by the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST) in Korea. The cooperative R&D projects are classified into 4 groups by two criteria, i.e., the level of participation of firms, and the breadth of cooperation. The findings suggest that firms should actively participate in cooperative R&D projects. In addition, in order to enhance commercial success, cooperation between GRIs and industrial firms should not be limited to R&D stage only. The breadth of cooperation should be extended to commercialization stage. Small- and medium-sized firms participating in vertical cooperative R&D projects in Korea usually lack internal technological capabilities that are needed to commercialize the results of cooperative R&D. Three different technology sourcing strategies - exclusive cooperative R&D strategy, in-house development augmented cooperative R&D strategy, and licensing-in supplemented cooperative R&D strategy - are empirically derived through cluster analysis of the relative usage rates cooperative R&D and of other supplementary technology acquisition methods. The findings suggest that the firms participating in vertical cooperative R&D projects should try to utilize other supplementary technology acquisition methods in order to achieve commercial utilization of the vertical cooperative R&D results.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.918-925
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• 2021

The perovskite solar cell is a next-generation solar cell that replaces the existing silicon solar cell. It is a solar cell device using an organic-inorganic hybrid material having a perovskite structure as a photoactive layer. It has advantages for the process and has shown rapid efficiency improvement over the past decade. In the process of commercialization of such perovskite solar cells, research and development for a large-area coating method should be carried out. As one of the large-area perovskite solar cell large-area coating methods, the slot-die coating method was studied. By using a meniscus to pass over the substrate and coating the solution, the 3D printer was equipped with a meniscus so that it could be coated. Variables that act during coating include bed temperature, coating speed, N₂ blowing interval, N₂ blowing height, N₂ blowing intensity, etc. By controlling these, the perovskite absorption layer was manufactured and the coating conditions for manufacturing large-area devices were optimized.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.385-417
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• 2017

Insurances of space activities are divided into satellite insurance, astronaut insurance and third party liability insurance. Against the background of the rapid development of space commercialization, especially the increasing participation of private entities in space affairs, the present international and domestic mechanisms of space insurance are challenged. As a space-faring state which is in the process of developing space businesses, the regulations of space insurance in China are deserved to be discussed. Satellites insurance is at present well-developed, the "pre-launch", "launch" and "in-orbit" phases of satellites are all possible to be insured by related companies. China created the CAIA in 1997 to provide insurance for Chinese satellites. However, with more private entities start to involve in space as well as satellite industry, the regime established under the framework of CAIA is necessary to be modified, and the mechanism relating to space insurance brokers should be promoted. The astronauts are recognized as the envoy of humankind, and relevant international regulations are made to provide assistance to them in emergency circumstances. From the domestic perspective, astronauts will be fully insured. China creates a particular type of insurance for astronauts. However, once space tourism becomes a business, the insurance of the tourist will be demanded to be created. In order to promote China's space tourism, it is recommended to take the "Astronaut Group Insurance" as an optional model to space tourists, if the tourists are customers of a governmental-owned space company. Once private involvement of providing orbital/suborbital tourism service becomes a reality, new rules are required. Getting a third party liability insurance is deemed as an indispensable precondition for an applicant to get a launch permission. Domestic space laws will include provisions for the third party liability insurance. China's "Interim Measures" of 2002 realizes the importance of third party liability insurance and requires the permit holder to get it before entering the launching site. This regulation is different from the practices of other states. Concerning that China is the sponsor of APSCO, for the purpose of promoting commercial space cooperation, a harmonized approach to domestic law is recommended to be found.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.652-652
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• 2013

The conventional thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) setup for the graphene synthesis has mainly used convective heat transfer in order to heat a catalyst (e.g. Cu) up to $1,000^{\circ}C$. Although the conventional CVD has been so far widely accepted as the most appropriate candidate enabling mass-production of high-quality graphene, this method has stillremained under the standard for the commercialization largely due to the poor productivity arisen out of the required long processing time. Here, we introduced a fast and efficient synthetic route toward CVD-graphene. Unlike the conventional CVD using convection heat transfer, we adopted a CVD setup utilizing conduction heat transfer between Cu catalyst and rapid heating source. The high thermal conductive nature of Cu and the employed rapid heating source led to the remarkable reduction in processing timeas compared to the conventional convection based CVD (Fig. 1A), moreover, the synthesized graphene was turned out to have comparable quality to that synthesized by the conventional CVD (Fig. 1B). For the optimization of the conduction based CVD process, the parametric studies were thoroughly performed using through Raman spectroscopy and electrical sheet resistance measurement. Our approach is thought to be worth considerable in order to enhance productivity of the CVD graphene in the industry.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.257-265
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• 2021

The COVID-19 virus is a β-genus virus that causes infection by mediating the angiotensin convertible enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is distributed in large numbers in the human respiratory tract. The disease requires effective post-management of antibody production by complete healers and vaccinators because there is no perfect remedy for the virus infection. This study aimed to develop recombinant proteins specifically responsive to neutralizing antibodies in clinical specimens and use them to develop a rapid diagnostic kit to diagnose neutralizing antibodies quickly and conveniently against the COVID-19 virus and confirm the possibility of commercialization through a performance evaluation. Rapid diagnostic kits using COVID-19 S1 RBD recombinant proteins can be applied to rapid diagnostic kits, with positive percentage agreement (PPA) and negative percentage agreement (NPA) of 100% and 98.3%, respectively, compared to the U.S. FDA-approved ELISA kits. If the performance of the rapid diagnostic kit is improved and neutralizing antibodies can be analyzed quantitatively using quantitative analysis equipment, it can be used as important data to predict immunity to the COVID-19 virus and determine additional vaccinations.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2009

About 83% of the total population of Lao PDR lives in rural areas. People living near forest are highly dependent on the forest resources closed to their villages. Especially non-timber forest products (NTFPs) provide a wide range of subsistence needs and are the main source of their cash income. They also make a significant contribution to the country economy. The annual export value of NTFPs is considerably high. 708 edible NTFP species (238 edible plants and 470 animals) have been recorded so far, and about 400 plants have been reported and used as medicinal plants by Lao people. One hundred NTFP species are considered as commercial forest products. The striking trend in NTFP resources is the decline of some commercial species due to increased demand on them for commercialization, and the loss of forest by rapid population growth. To sustainablely manage the NTFPs resources, a number of new management systems are under development and support in progress by the government.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.264-270
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• 2014

Fuel cell technology is the most representative area of alternative energy field on vehicle industry according to the limitation of petroleum resources. In recent years, the technology of fuel cell vehicles has made rapid progress, Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) reached to mass production of the Tucson ix hydrogen fuel cell vehicles first in the world. In addition, HMC is accelerating the development of hydrogen fuel cell buses, which have a number of advantages for hydrogen infrastructure and mass transport personnel. In this study, we examined potential of the commercialization through the demonstration of hydrogen fuel cell buses. As a result, we identified that the mass-production possibility of FCB has high potential and HMC's technology will lead to fuel cell bus industry.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.11
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• pp.38-44
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• 2006

With the expansion of internet diffusion, the digital content industry in such sector game, animation and e-learning shows rapid growth and, accordingly it becomes important for policy makers to provide its technical R&D directions ensuring successful commercialization. This paper provides details on the business and industry assessment, and further, proposes substantial support over industries as well as academia. The Business Opportunity Engineering(BOE) process, revised and systemized assessment frame of the seven steps of SRIC-BI process, has been applied to assess and compare the digital content business and industry.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.41-47
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• 2011

Recently, digital contents are used a lot due to the rapid development of Internet and the commercialization of smartphones. However variety of attacks, such as collusion attack, can violate the intellectual property rights. BIBD AND-ACC is typical method to protect digital contents from attacks, but it is hard to distribute many users because of the heavy complexity of matrix computation. In this paper, we propose embedding technique to distribute BIBD AND-ACC for many users more than primitive one. We checked the PSNR result as 50.84dB when amplication factor is one and found out the colluders who involved the collusion attack by simulation.