• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.17-25
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate basic data about the effects of muscle energy technique on the shoulder complex range of motion and posture alignment in the round shoulder posture. Methods: The subjects included 15 women that gave consent to participate in the study voluntarily. They performed the muscle energy technique for 30 minutes twice. The round shoulder posture was measured with a straight edge ruler. The shoulder complex range of motion was measured with the apley scratch test. The forward head posture was measured with ImageJ. The pectoralis minor muscle length was measured with a tape measure. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the round shoulder posture both right and left (p<.05). The experiment group showed statistically significant differences in the pectoralis minor muscle length (p<.05). There were significant differences in the shoulder complex range of motion including flexion, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion, left side bending, and right side bending (p<.05), but no significant differences were found in extension (p>.05). The forward head posture showed significant differences in CVA changes (p<.05) and no significant differences in CRA changes (p>.05). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the muscle energy technique relaxed muscles around the shoulders and increased the shoulder complex range of motion. The technique is also expected to prevent pain in the neck and shoulders and lower injury risk. In conclusion, the muscle energy technique can be applied as an effective intervention for round shoulder posture.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.115-127
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• 2023

Objectives Through this study, we investigated the effects of Korean medicine treatments on range of motion recovery and pain reduction in patients with Frozen shoulder. Methods In this study, the medical records of 26 patients diagnosed with frozen shoulder were retrospectively observed and analyzed through the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 program. We used range of motion to observe the patient's motion recovery and numeric rating scale to evaluate pain reduction. Results The shoulder range of motion increased statistically significantly from 160.0 (123.5~170.0) to 170.0 (160.0~180.0) (flexion), 115.0 (90.0~135.0) to 167.5 (130.0~178.8) (abduction), 40.8±22.1 to 58.3±16.0 (external rotation) (p<0.001). The average of numeric rating scale reduced statistically significantly from 6.7±2.0 to 3.2±1.4 (p<0.001). Depending on the period, the range of motion increased statistically significantly when visited within 3 months, also the pain score decreased 7.0 (5.4~8.0) to 3.0 (1.8~3.6) statistically significantly when visited within 3 months. In the treatment intervention, the increase in the range of motion and the decrease in pain were statistically significant, especially when the bee venom acupuncture and chuna manaul therapy were used together. Conclusions Korean medicine treatments was effective in improving the range of motion and reducing pain in frozen shoulders. In particular, when treated within 3 months of onset and when bee venom acupuncture and chuna manual therapy were used together, it was effective in recovering the range of motion and reducing pain.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of angular joint mobilization (AJM) on the shoulder pain, range of motion, and functional improvement in a patient with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. Methods: The patient diagnosed with right shoulder adhesive capsulitis by an orthopedic surgeon was a 60-year-old male, right hand/arm dominant, with a height of 175 cm and weight of 75 kg. The patient received 12 sessions of AJM once or twice per week for eight weeks. AJM was applied for 5 min each of flexion, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation, for a total of 20 min per session. The visual analog scale, the goniometer, and the Oxford shoulder score were used to measure pain, range of motion, and shoulder pain & disability index, respectively. Results: After all the treatments, the pain decreased from 6 to 2 points. The range of motion increased in flexion by $54.3^{\circ}$ from $125^{\circ}$ to $179.3^{\circ}$, abduction by $38^{\circ}$ from $140^{\circ}$ to $178^{\circ}$, external rotation by $54.4^{\circ}$ from $30.3^{\circ}$ to $84.7^{\circ}$, and internal rotation by $25^{\circ}$ from $45^{\circ}$ to $70^{\circ}$. The shoulder disability index decreased from 33 points to 17 points. Conclusion: This study found that AJM has a positive effect on the improvement of shoulder pain, range of motion, and function in a patient with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. Further studies on AJM are needed in the future.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 1996

This paper measured the range of arm joint motion for Korean 54 males in twenties. The range of the arm joint motion of the subjects was measured directly using Goniometer and protractor. The number of the static and the dynamic anthropometric variables are seven and thirteen, respectively. The anthropometric data are analyzed by basic statistical analysis (four group), correlation analysis and regression analysis using commercial SAS program. The results of analysis are compared with American students anthropometric data by Laubach(1978). Thin subjects have larger movement angle as wrist flexion, wrist abduction, elbow flexion, and elbow wupination and have smaller as wrist adduction and shoulder flexion. Fat subjects have larger movement angle as shoulder flexion and are smaller wrist abduction, elbow flexion, pronation, shoulder extension, shoulder adduction, shoulder abduction, and shoulder medial rotation Korean are more flexible than American in wrist and ranges of elbow flexion and elbow rotation. The shoulder movement is similar to that of American, but shoulder flexion is less flexible.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2017

Background: To compare the effects of scapular stabilization exercise on the range of motion, pain, and function in the shoulders of women with breast cancer surgery. Methods: Fifteen patients were performed scapular stabilizing training using dumbbells for 30 minutes daily, five times per week for 4 weeks. The range of motion, pain, and function in the shoulder were assessed. Goniometer was used for ROM of shoulder external rotation. Shoulder pain and disability index was used for pain and function of shoulder. Comparison of the pre and post intervention was calculated by a paired t-test. Results: After 4 weeks of training, range of motion, pain and function in the shoulder improved significantly in patients with breast cancer surgery (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate the more favorable effects from scapular stabilization exercise in patients with breast cancer surgery.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.286-297
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effects of myofascial pain syndrome on shoulder pain, range of motion, and body composition around the shoulder in middle-aged women. Methods: A total of 72 women participated in the randomized controlled trial. The subjects were grouped into an experimental group (n=39) and a control group (n=33). The experimental group received a resistance exercise program using an elastic band for 8 weeks, 3 days a week. The control group followed a normal daily for 8 weeks. Measurements were conducted three times; before the experimental treatment (pre-test), the 2nd and 8th weeks after treatment. Results: Regarding the general characteristics and homogeneity of the dependent variables, there were no significant differences between the two groups, except for the thickness of the left and right muscles and the left fat. After treatment, shoulder pain was significantly different between the two groups (F=18.54, p<.001) and the range of shoulder motion was significantly different (left, F=86.70, p<.001; right, F=98.66, p<.001). Furthermore, there were a significant differences in the thickness of muscles between the two groups (left, F=40.20, p<.001; right, F=29.57, p<.001); however, the thickness of fat was not significantly different. Conclusion: The resistance exercise program reduces shoulder pain and improves the range of motion of the shoulder joint and increases muscle mass on around the shoulder. It suggests to conduct a study to confirm the long-term exercise effect.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to prove the increase of range of motion of shoulder joint in the patients with shoulder adhesive capsulitis by applying the vibratory stimulation. In terms of subjects of the study, the experimental group 15(4 male, 11 female)and the control group 15(5 male, 10 female) were divided. The measurement of the shoulder range of motion was taken by measuring the degrees of flexion, abduction, and external rotation with a goniometer from pre treatment to one to four weeks. The results were as follows : In the experimental group and control group, there was the statistical significance in the range of motion of the shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation during four weeks. In summary, the vibratory stimulation are effective interventions for improving shoulder adhesive capsulitis, patient's range of motion of shoulder joint.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.997-1003
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to know the average of pint range of motion and difference according to the aging for the elderly, This study consisted of elder male(n=75) and elder female(n=l09), The result of assessment and analysis in shoulder pint range of motion are as follows: 1) The average shoulder flexion pint range of motion in 60-69(from sixty to sixty-nine)years old are 163.04(Left-Male), 162.91(Right-Male), 158.74 (Left-Female), 158.74 (Right-Female). 70-79years old are 149.40(L-M), 152.38(R-M), 153,37(L-F), 153.37(R-F). 80-89 years old are 149.57(L-M), 147.93(R-M), 151.17(L-F), 150.33(R-F). There was no significant difference among group, 2) The average shoulder extension pint range of motion in 60-69years old are 48.15(L-M), 47.20(R-M), 45.16(L-F), 44.23(R-F), 70-79years old are 37.l1(L-M), 38.70(R-M), 35.17(L-F), 36.71(R-F), 80-89 years old are 34.46(L-M). 36.71(R-M), 33.90(L-F), 33.09(R-F). There was significant difference among group(p<.05). 3) The average shoulder abduction pint range of motion in 60-69years old are 164.22(L-M), 165.96(R-M), 159.34(L-F), 159.97(R-F), 70-79years old are 152.27(L-M), 155.05(R-M), 152.32(L-F), 53.66(R-F), 80-89 years old are 152.17(L-M), 153.76(R-M), 147.53(L-F), 147.37(R-F). There was significant difference in right shoulder abduction among group(p<05). 4) The average shoulder internal rotation pint range of motion in 60-69years old are 63.52(L-M), 65.70(R-M), 64.16(L-F), 64.61(R-F), 70-79years old are 64.50(L-M), 65.81(R-M) 61.10(L-F), 61.83(R-F). 80-89 years old are 61.60(L-M), 61.66(R-M), 57.53(L-F), 57.53(R-F). There was no significant difference among group. 5) The average shoulder external rotation pint range of motion in 60-69years old are 50.87(L-M), 50.22(R-M), 51.03(L-F), 50.42(R-F), 70-79years old are 50.91(L-M), 50.20(R-M) 48.37(L-F), 50.20(R-F). 80-89 years old are 46.83(L-M), 47.93(R-M), 43.43(L-F), 43.72(R-F).There was significant difference in left shoulder external rotation among group(p<.05).

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.152-157
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• 2019

Objective: We aimed to investigate differences of range of motion in measuring shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) resulting from posture change in manual scapular stabilization in prone, hook-lying, sitting, and standing positions in healthy young adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: This study included healthy young adults who agreed to participate after a thorough explanation about the study purpose and methods. A clinometer was used to measure shoulder rotation. Measurements of shoulder rotation according to postural change were performed in prone, hook-lying, sitting, and standing positions. The repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare between-group differences in postural change. Results: The lower the posture, the greater the average value of IR angle. In contrast, the higher the posture, the greater the average value of the external rotation angle. In active and passive IR with posture change, there was difference in average value but with no statistical significance. In active and passive ER, there was a statistically significant difference between prone and sitting, prone and standing, hook-lying and sitting, hook-lying and standing, and sitting and standing position (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that postural change should be considered in order to increase the strength or range of motion of the internal and external rotation of the patient's shoulder joint.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to measure intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and range of motion for measurement of passive shoulder internal rotation range of motion and to compare anterior glide distance of humeral head in three methods. Fifty healthy subjects and fifty patients with shoulder musculoskeletal pain were recruited for this study. The subjects' passive shoulder internal rotation range of motion was measured by visual estimation, manual stabilization, and pressure biofeedback unit methods. In two trials, measurements were performed on each subject by two examiners. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC(3,1)) was used to determine the reliability of each measurement. The intra-rater reliability of the three methods was excellent (ICC=.77~.93) in both groups. The inter-rater reliability of the visual estimation method was poor (ICC=.20, .29), the manual scapular stabilization method was poor and fair (ICC=.09, .50), and the pressure biofeedback unit method was excellent (ICC .86, .75) in the experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, the difference of examined range of motion by each examiner was significant in the visual estimation method and manual scapular stabilization method, but there was an insignificant difference between the groups is the pressure biofeedback unit method. This result suggests that the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of a pressure biofeedback unit was better than the other methods. The difference in distance of the anterior glide of humeral head was insignificant among all the methods. The pressure biofeedback unit method was the most reliable method, so it is proposed to be a new and reliable method to measure internal rotation range of motion.