• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.943-952
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• 1997

This study was done to analyze the effects of prompted voiding therapy on urinary incontinence in elderly patients in an elderly care hospital. Specifically, this study looks to evaluate the effects of prompted voiding as an intervention for improving independent voiding and also identified the relationship of urinary continence to cognitive, emotional, and physical factors. The study was based on a pre-experimental design used to evaluate the effects of prompted voiding therapy on an experimental group without a control group. An experimental group of 143 patients was selected through convenience sampling from patients in an elderly care hospital. The data was collected from November 4 to December 14, 1996. Prompted voiding therapy is a behavioral therapy for managing incontinence and it is applied to patients who are cognitively impaired and dependent. In this study, the patients were asked at each designated time whether or not they had to urinate. If they answered yes, they were either given a bedpan or were assisted to the bathroom, and if the patient answered no, their diaper was checked to determine whether or not it was wet. The results were then recorded on the patients urinary voiding record. The urinary voiding score based on the model presented by Burton(1984), Burke and Walsh(1992), Chenitz, Stone & Salisbury(1991) was modified and used as a tool in this study. After forty six out of the total of 143 patients were selected for interviews through random sampling the levels of cognitive functions, mental depression and ADL(activities of dally life) within the given time frame were measured. In this study, the cognitive function was measured using the scale developed by Kabhn, Goldfarb, Pollack & Peck(1960), elderly mental depression, using the tool developed by Sheikh & Yesavage(1986), and the ADL(activities of dally living), through the Barthel Index. The data was analyzed through SPSS windows for descriptive statistics, repeated measured ANOVA and Pearson's correlation. According to the results of the study, the application of the prompted voiding therapy can improve the voiding pattern of patients. It was shown especially that incontinence could be controlled by the intervention developed according to the individual voiding pattern. In terms of the relationship between cognitive function, mental depression and ADL and the voiding function score, a close correlation was not found. It was shown that urinary incontinence can be improved through therapy even though patients have problems nth their cognitive, mental and physical functions.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2017

본 연구는 국내 수면장애를 가진 성인을 대상으로 비약물적 중재를 실시한 논문을 메타분석하여 중재 효과의 크기를 확인하고자 실시되었다. 본 연구의 자료검색은 국가과학기술정보 통합서비스 (NDSL), 한국교육학술정보원 (RISS), 한국학술정보원 (KISS), 학술데이터베이스서비스 (DBpia)에서 이루어졌으며, 검색된 2000년부터 2016년까지의 연구 1,334편 중 16편의 연구를 선정하였다. 분석은 메타분석 R(version 3.3.1)을 활용하였으며, 랜덤효과모형을 이용하여 비약물적 중재의 효과크기를 산출하였다. 메타분석 결과 수면장애가 있는 성인에게 수행된 비약물적 중재의 효과크기 Hedges' g는 2.36 (95% CI: 1.44~3.28)로 큰 효과크기이었으며, 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 조절효과 분석에서 연령 집단, 중재방법, 입원유무 및 결과측정 도구에 따른 효과크기는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으나 연구설계 및 참여자 유형에 따른 효과크기는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 중재 중 이압요법이 가장 큰 효과크기를 보였고, 발반사 마사지, 아로마요법, 기타 및 웃음치료 순이었다. 연구결과는 수면증진을 위한 비약물적 중재가 수면에 효과적임을 확인하게 되었고, 실무에서 수면장애를 가진 성인을 위한 중재를 선택하고 실행하는데 객관적인 근거를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 양질 조사료의 급여가 한우 비육우의 사양성적, 육생산성 및 육질에 미치는 효과를 메타분석기법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 효과분석은 국내에서 수행된 논문들을 대상으로 총 5편의 들을 인용하였다. 양질조사료를 급여한 시험구를 처리구로 하고 볏짚을 급여한 시험구를 대조구로하여 처리구 결과와 대조구 결과의 평균차를 이용하여 효과의 크기를 분석하였고, 요약효과는 임의효과모형을 이용하여 산출하였다. 그 결과, 사양성적에 대한 정의효과는 사료섭취량, 일당증체량, 종료 체중 및 사료효율 모두에서 나타났으며, 유의성은 일당 증체량에서만 발견되었다. 육생산량에 대한 정의효과는 도체중, 배측최장근 면적 및 생산성 지수에서 나타났고, 등지방두께에서는 부의효과가 나타났다. 유의성은 도체중과 배최장근 면적에서만 나타났다. 육질에 대한 정의효과는 marbling score와 지방색에서 정의 효과가 나타났으며, 육색은 부의효과가 나타났으나 유의적 효과는 발견되지 않았다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.178-192
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• 2020

Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the impacts of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and behavioral treatment (BT) on weight loss and psychological outcomes among patients with three different subtypes of obesity: simple obesity, obesity with binge eating disorder, and obesity with depression. Methods: Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Research Information Sharing Service, and Korean Studies Information Service System were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials conducted on or before May 2020, that used CBT to treat obesity. Methodological quality was assessed using Cochrane's risk of bias tool 2 and publication bias was evaluated through the funnel plot using the trim and fill method, Egger's test, and Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model and the standardized mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine effect size. Results: Twenty-one randomized controlled trials with a total of 22 intervention arms and 2,590 patients were included. Our study results revealed that the effects of CBT, compared with BT, on weight loss distinctly differed across all patient subgroups. In the simple obesity group, CBT was more effective than BT (Hedges' g=0.138, CI=0.012~0.264); however, in the obesity with binge eating disorder group, BT was more effective than CBT (Hedges' g=-0.228, CI=-0.418~-0.038); in the obesity with depression group, the effect of CBT was not statistically different from that of BT (Hedges' g=0.276, CI=-0.307~0.859). Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm the outcomes observed in this study. Conclusions: Our results indicated that the effects of CBT on obesity treatment vary based on patient subtype. Therefore, our findings suggest that CBT or BT should be selectively recommended as a treatment strategy for different obesity subtypes.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제57호
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• pp.205-230
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• 2018

본 연구는 민간경비 조직의 서번트 변혁적 리더십, 조직시민행동, 조직성과 간의 구조모형을 검증하고자 서울과 경기도에 소재하고 있는 민간경비업체에 근무 중인 경비원을 모집단으로 선정한 후 집락무선표집법(culster random sampling method)을 통하여 조사하였다. 조사기간은 2016년 9월1일부터 11월30일까지 350명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 이 연구는 SPSSWIN 21.0과 AMOS 21.0을 이용하여 연구의 목적에 따라 요인분석(EFA/CFA), 신뢰도분석, 수렴 및 판별타당도분석, 공변량 구조분석을 실시하였다. 이 연구를 통하여 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 서번트 리더십은 조직시민행동에 통계적으로 .001수준에서 직접적으로 정의(+) 영향을(${\beta}=.406$) 미친다. 둘째, 변혁적 리더십은 조직시민행동에 통계적으로 .001수준에서 직접적으로 정의(+) 영향을(${\beta}=.373$) 미친다. 셋째, 조직시민행동은 조직성과에 통계적으로 .01수준에서 직접적으로 정의(+) 영향을(${\beta}=.615$) 미친다. 넷째, 서번트리더십은 조직성과에 통계적으로 영향을(${\beta}=.211$) 미치지 않는다. 다섯째, 변혁적 리더십은 조직성과에 통계적으로 영향을(${\beta}=.058$) 미치지 않는다. 여섯째, 조직시민행동은 서번트 리더십과 조직성과 간의 관계에서 통계적으로 .01수준에서 정의(+) 매개효과(${\beta}=.249$)가 있다. 일곱째, 조직시민행동은 변혁적 리더십과 조직성과 간의 관계에서 통계적으로 .01 수준에서 정의(+) 매개효과(${\beta}=.230$)가 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1514-1524
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• 2011

A total of 4,752 monthly lactation records of Friesian cows during the period from 2000 to 2005 were used to estimate genetic parameters and to determine the effect of udder health on milk production traits. Three milk production traits were studied: 305-day milk yield (305-dMY), 305-day fat yield (305-dFY) and 305-day protein yield (305-dPY). Four udder health traits were studied: somatic cell count (SCC), mastitis (MAST), udder health status (UDHS) with 10 categories and udder quarter infection (UDQI) with 7 categories. Mixed model least square analysis was used to estimate the fixed effects of month and year of calving and parity (P) on different studied traits. Sire and dam within sire were included in the model as random effects. Data were analyzed using Multi-trait Derivative Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood methodology (MTDFREML) to estimate genetic parameters. Unadjusted means of 305-dMY, 305-dFY, 305-dPY and SCC were 3,936, 121, 90 kg and 453,000 cells/ml, respectively. Increasing SCC from 300,000 to 2,000,000 cells/ml increased UDQI from 5.51 to 23.2%. Losses in monthly and lactationally milk yields per cow ranged from 17 to 93 and from 135 to 991 kg, respectively. The corresponding losses in monthly and lactationally milk yields return per cow at the same level of SCC ranged from 29.8 to 163 and from 236 to 1,734 Egyptian pounds, respectively. Heritability estimates of 305-dMY, 305-dFY, 305-dPY, SCC, MAST, UDHS, UDQI were 0.31${\pm}$0.4, 0.33${\pm}$0.03, 0.35${\pm}$0.05, 0.23${\pm}$0.02, 0.14${\pm}$0.02, 0.13${\pm}$0.03, and 0.09${\pm}$0.01, respectively. All milk production traits showed slightly unfavorable negative phenotypic and genetic correlations with SCC, MAST, UDHS and UDQI. There were positive and high genetic correlations between SCC and each of MAST (0.85${\pm}$0.7), UDHS (0.87${\pm}$0.10) and UDQI (0.77${\pm}$0.06) and between MAST and each of UDHS (0.91${\pm}$0.11) and UDQI (0.83${\pm}$0.07). It could be concluded that the economic losses from mastitis and high SCC are considerable. The high genetic correlation between SCC and clinical mastitis (CM) suggest that the selection for lower SCC would help to reduce or eliminate the undesirable correlated responses of clinical mastitis associated with selection for increasing milk yield. Additionally, it is recommended also that if direct information on under health traits is not available, measures of SCC can be inclusion in a selection criteria to improve the income from dairy cows.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.91-105
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• 2016

Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors (CNTFETs) have been studied as candidates for post Si CMOS owing to the better electrostatic control and high mobility. To enhance the immunity against short - channel effects (SCEs), the novel channel and gate engineered architectures have been proposed to improve CNTFETs performance. This work presents a comprehensive study of the influence of channel and gate engineering on the CNTFET switching, high frequency and circuit level performance of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs). At device level, the effects of channel and gate engineering on the switching and high frequency characteristics for CNTFET have been theoretically investigated by using a quantum kinetic model. This model is based on two-dimensional non-equilibrium Green's functions (NEGF) solved self - consistently with Poisson's equations. It is revealed that hetero - material - gate and lightly doped drain and source CNTFET (HMG - LDDS - CNTFET) structure can significantly reduce leakage current, enhance control ability of the gate on channel, improve the switching speed, and is more suitable for use in low power, high frequency circuits. At circuit level, using the HSPICE with look - up table(LUT) based Verilog - A models, the impact of the channel and gate engineering on basic digital circuits (inverter, static random access memory cell) have been investigated systematically. The performance parameters of circuits have been calculated and the optimum metal gate workfunction combinations of ${\Phi}_{M1}/{\Phi}_{M2}$ have been concluded in terms of power consumption, average delay, stability, energy consumption and power - delay product (PDP). In addition, we discuss and compare the CNTFET-based circuit designs of various logic gates, including ternary and binary logic. Simulation results indicate that LDDS - HMG - CNTFET circuits with ternary logic gate design have significantly better performance in comparison with other structures.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1426-1435
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• 2014

Saponins have been considered as promising natural substances for mitigating methane emissions from ruminants. However, studies reported that addition of saponin-rich sources often arrived at contrasting results, i.e. either it decreased methane or it did not. The aim of the present study was to assess ruminal methane emissions through a meta-analytical approach of integrating related studies from published papers which described various levels of different saponin-rich sources being added to ruminant feed. A database was constructed from published literature reporting the addition of saponin-rich sources at various levels and then monitoring ruminal methane emissions in vitro. Accordingly, levels of saponin-rich source additions as well as different saponin sources were specified in the database. Apart from methane, other related rumen fermentation parameters were also included in the database, i.e. organic matter digestibility, gas production, pH, ammonia concentration, short-chain fatty acid profiles and protozoal count. A total of 23 studies comprised of 89 data points met the inclusion criteria. The data obtained were subsequently subjected to a statistical meta-analysis based on mixed model methodology. Accordingly, different studies were treated as random effects whereas levels of saponin-rich source additions or different saponin sources were considered as fixed effects. Model statistics used were p-value and root mean square error. Results showed that an addition of increasing levels of a saponin-rich source decreased methane emission per unit of substrate incubated as well as per unit of total gas produced (p<0.05). There was a decrease in acetate proportion (linear pattern; p<0.001) and an increase in propionate proportion (linear pattern; p<0.001) with increasing levels of saponin. Log protozoal count decreased (p<0.05) at higher saponin levels. Comparing between different saponin-rich sources, all saponin sources, i.e. quillaja, tea and yucca saponins produced less methane per unit of total gas than that of control (p<0.05). Although numerically the order of effectiveness of saponin-rich sources in mitigating methane was yucca>tea>quillaja, statistically they did not differ each other. It can be concluded that methane mitigating properties of saponins in the rumen are level- and source-dependent.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1558-1565
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize the number of loci affecting growth traits and the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects on growth traits, and to understand the genetic architecture for growth traits in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) using genome-wide association study (GWAS), genomic partitioning, and hierarchical Bayesian mixture models. Methods: GWAS: A single-marker regression-based mixed model was used to test the association between SNPs and causal variants. A genotype relationship matrix was fitted as a random effect in this linear mixed model to correct the genetic structure of a sire family. Genomic restricted maximum likelihood and BayesR: A priori information included setting the fixed additive genetic variance to a pre-specified value; the first mixture component was set to zero, the second to 0.0001×σ²_g, the third 0.001×σ²_g, and the fourth to 0.01×σ²_g. BayesR fixed a priori information was not more than 1% of the genetic variance for each of the SNPs affecting the mixed distribution. Results: The GWAS revealed common genomic regions of 2 Mb on bovine chromosome 14 (BTA14) and 3 had a moderate effect that may contain causal variants for body weight at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. This genomic region explained approximately 10% of the variance against total additive genetic variance and body weight heritability at 12, 18, and 24 months. BayesR identified the exact genomic region containing causal SNPs on BTA14, 3, and 22. However, the genetic variance explained by each chromosome or SNP was estimated to be very small compared to the total additive genetic variance. Causal SNPs for growth trait on BTA14 explained only 0.04% to 0.5% of the genetic variance Conclusion: Segregating mutations have a moderate effect on BTA14, 3, and 19; many other loci with small effects on growth traits at different ages were also identified.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.207-221
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• 2020

본 연구는 기업가정신의 구성요소인 혁신성, 위험감수성, 진취성이 창업교육을 매개변수로 하여 창업의지에 미치는 영향에 관하여 메타분석을 실시하였다. 창업의지에 영향을 미치는 선행연구들 중 2013년부터 2020년까지 국내에서 발표된 학술지 논문과 박사 및 석사 학위에서 양적연구로 판단되는 392편의 논문을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 그 중에서 학위논문과 학술지 논문이 중복되는 28개를 제외하고, 상관계수 등 통계수치가 없어서 연구 자료로 활용하기에 미흡한 논문 312개를 제외하여 최종적으로 52편의 논문을 선정하였다. 최종 선정된 52편의 논문을 대상으로 변수에 대하여 우선 동질성에 대하여 검증하였다. 동질성 검증결과 혁신성, 위험감수성, 진취성, 창업교육 모두 이질성에 있어서 큰 효과를 보여 평균효과크기는 확률효과모형으로 분석하였다. 분석한 평균효과크기는 0.38~0.49로 4개 변수 모두 중간정도의 평균효과크기를 보였다. 평균효과크기에 대하여 forest plot로 분석한 결과 모두 정적인 결과를 보였으며 창업교육에 대한 funnel plot 분석 결과에서 출간오류가 비대칭으로 확인되어 창업교육에 대한 연구 자료가 전체를 대변할 수 없음을 보여주고 있다. 기업가정신과 창업의지에 대하여 창업교육을 매개변수로 하는 구조방정식 모형에서 혁신성과 위험감수성은 창업교육을 매개변수로 하여 창업의지에 영향을 미치고 있지만 진취성은 창업교육과는 관계없이 창업의지에 영향을 미치고 있었다. 다수의 연구결과에서 대학의 창업교육이 본질적 목적인 창업의지에 영향을 미치기 위해서는 이론과 실습을 병행하는 창업교육으로 개편되어야 하고 기업가정신 교육은 지속적이고 현장 중심교육으로 변해야 한다.