• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.428-434
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to determine the quality of modified atmosphere (MA) packaged meat from Pomeranian rams slaughtered at 50 and 100 days of age. Determined: chemical composition, physicochemical and sensory properties of meat, and the fatty acid profile of intramuscular fat. Meat from 100-d-old lambs was characterized by a significantly higher content of dry matter, total protein and crude fat, a darker color and higher physiological maturity ($p\leq0.01$). Meat from younger lambs was marked by a better water-holding capacity ($p\leq0.05$), a lower energy value and higher concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). An increase in the content of dry matter, total protein and ash, and energy value was noted in MA-stored meat. Meat pH decreased over MA storage and the sensory properties deteriorated. The studied meat remained safe from microbial contamination during storage.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.577-591
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• 2016

In this study, the transfer length of 2400 MPa, seven-wire high-strength steel strands with a 15.2 mm diameter in pretensioned prestressed concrete (PSC) beams utilizing high strength concrete over 58 MPa at prestress release was evaluated experimentally. 32 specimens, which have the variables of concrete compressive strength, concrete cover depth, and the number of PS strands, were fabricated and corresponding transfer lengths were measured. The strands were released gradually by slowly reducing the pressure in the hydraulic stressing rams. The measured results of transfer length showed that the transfer length decreased as the concrete compressive strength and concrete cover depth increased. The number of strands had a very small effect, and the effect varied with both the concrete cover depth and concrete strength. The results were compared to current design codes and transfer lengths predicted by other researchers. The comparison results showed that the current transfer length prediction models in design codes may be conservatively used for 2400 MPa high-strength strands in high-strength concrete beams exceeding 58 MPa at prestress release.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.855-859
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• 2009

In this paper, we introduce the estimation method by Risk or SIL(Safety Integrity Level) for the criterion of safety assurance and summarize each application method and target. IEC 62278(EN 50126) which is international standard for the specification and verification of the railway system RAMS indicate a criterion of safety assurance. Especially, it recommend the safety verification by continuous verification as the order of requirement establishment, design, manufacture, installation, operation, and maintenance for the equipment not easy to quantify the operation environment. In this paper, we study the SIL requirement allocation method relating to internal new system development and existing system improvement by analysing SIL recommendations which were used to understand SIL for a train control equipment in 1990s in IRSE and theoretically their allocation background. This paper help the safety management of Korea train control system to develope the quantitative management procedure as international level by analyzing the SIL requirement allocation by operation agency and the right SIL verification procedure by manufacture and indicating the example to assure safety because it is necessary for improvement and localization for the Korea train control system having highly dependence on aboard technology.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2008

철도차량을 구매하는 데 있어서 신뢰성 목표값을 설정하고 차량 납품 시 이 목표값을 달성하였는지 확인하는 것은 전체 차량의 안전성과 가용성 그리고 전수명주기 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 신뢰성을 검증하는 방법은 여러 가지가 있으나 철도차량 자체의 특성과 운영환경 등을 고려하여 가장 적합한 시험방법을 적용할 필요가 있다. 최근 들어 국내에서도 차량 구입시 정량적 신뢰성 요구사항이 일반화되고 있으나 철도차량에 대한 각종 표준이나 지침에서는 정량적 신뢰성 입증에 대한 구체적 방법에 대한 내용은 없다. 본 연구에서는 다른 산업분야에서 활용되는 신뢰성 검증방법에 대해서 기술하고, 이 방법들을 철도차량에 적용할 수 있는 지 평가하였다. 그리고 이중 세 가지 방법을 철도차량의 실제 운영데이터에 적용해 보았다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1294-1300
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• 2008

In the current railway industry in Korea, a lot of researches and studies have been progressed to establish RAMS process and construction of RCM system in accordance with international standards. On the point of view of applying the RCM to the railway system, many problems (i.e., reliability of the existing field data, the lack and incorrectness of failure information, etc) are described. To solve these problems, it is need to study and effort the RCM, practically. In this paper, lots of problems and solutions for methods determining the preventive maintenance interval of application of the RCM will be described. To do this, the method using the theory of RBI (Reliability Based Inspection) which is applied to the existing chemical plants and power plants is described. From this study, it is expected that in this situation that the quantitative data is not enough, the results that an analyst quantifies the qualitative factors and/or items will be a good reference that can effectively approach, on the side of determination about each maintenance task and inspection interval.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2010

일반적으로 철도차량의 운영 유지보수 비용은 구입비용보다 높다. 따라서 철도차량의 수명주기비용(LCC)을 낮추기 위해서는 운영 및 유지보수가 용이하고 비용이 적게 드는 차량이 설계되고, 효과적이고 효율적인 운영 유지보수 지원 시스템이 공급되어야 한다. 이를 위해서 운영사는 획득초기단계에서 LCC 요구사항을제시하여 LCC가 낮은 철도차량이 설계되고 제작될 수 있도록 해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 운영사가 차량의 구매사양을 공고하고 제작사가 차량을 제작하여 공급하는 일반적인 차량의 획득절차에서 운영사와 제작사의 LCC업무 및 절차를 제시한다. 또한 이 때 사용될 수 있는 검증 가능한 LCC 산출모형을 제시한다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to simulate the high ozone concentration in Shiwha Banwol indusrial complex. High pollution episodes (ozone alert) of this area are the results of geographical location and its air pollutants emission. This research has used meteorological model (RAMS) and photochemical air pollution Model (CIT model). As first step of the evaluate of this combined model system simulations are done in terms of meteorological characteristics like wind fields, PBL-height, etc.. Numerical simulations are carried out with real meteorological synoptic data on June. 24-25, 2010. In comparison with real measurement and another research the model reflects well local meteorological phenomena and shows the possibility to be utilized to analyse the pollutant dispersion over irregular terrain region. The high ozone concentration is deeply correlated to the ambient air temperature, wind speed and solar radiation. Local meteorological phenomena like sea-land breeze impact on horizontal dispersion of ozone. This analysis of meteorological characteristics can, in turn, help to predict their influences on air quality and to manage the high ozone episodes.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.228-241
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• 1997

In this paper, we present a design of modem and vocoder digital signal processor (DSP) chips for CDMA mobile station. The modem chip integrates CDMA reverse link modulator, CDMA forward link demodulator and Viterbi decoder. This chip contains 89,000 gates and 29 kbit RAMs, and the chip size is $10 mm{\times}10.1 mm$ which is fabricated using a $0.8{\mu}m$ 2 metal CMOs technology. To carry out the system-level simulation, models of the base station modulator, the fading channel, the automatic gain control loop, and the microcontroller were developed and interfaced with a gate-level description of the modem application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The Modem chip is now successfully working in the real CDMA mobile station on its first fab-out. A new DSP architecture was designed to implement the Qualcomm code exited linear prediction (QCELP) vocoder algorithm in an efficient way. The 16 bit vocoder DSP chip has an architecture which supports direct and immediate addressing modes in one instruction cycle, combined with a RISC-type instruction set. This turns out to be effective for the implementation of vocoder algorithm in terms of performance and power consumption. The implementation of QCELP algorithm in our DSP requires only 28 million instruction per second (MIPS) of computation and 290 mW of power consumption. The DSP chip contains 32,000 gates, 32K ($2k{\times}16\;bit$) RAM, and 240k ($10k{\times}24\;bit$) ROM. The die size is $8.7\;mm{\times}8.3\;mm$ and chip is fabricated using $0.8\;{\mu}m$ CMOS technology.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2013

In this paper, two new flip-flop circuits with PCRAM latches that are FF-1 and FF-2, respectively, are proposed not to waste leakage during sleep time. Unlike the FF-1 circuit that has a normal PCRAM latch, the FF-2 circuit has a selective write latch that can reduce the switching activity in writing operation to save switching power at sleep-in moment. Moreover, a sequential sleep-in control is proposed to reduce the rush current peak that is observed at the sleep-in moment. From the simulation of storing '000000' to the PCRAM latch, we could verify that the proposed FF-1 and FF-2 consume smaller power than the conventional 45-nm FF if the sleep time is longer than $465{\mu}s$ and $95{\mu}s$, respectively, at $125^{\circ}C$. For the rush current peak, the sequential sleep-in control could reduce the current peak as much as 77%.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.2498-2507
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• 1994

본 논문은 코히어런트 복조방식을 사용하는 디지털 위성통신 시스템에서 위성체의 운동으로 인하여 발생된 도플러 주파수를 추적할 수 있는 최적 동기방식의 위상추적장치를 제안하였다. 위성통신 시스템에서 위성체의 운동에 의한 도플러 주파수량과 최적 동기 추적에 의한 시스템 설계 기술을 수식적으로 나타내었다. 이를 바탕으로 하여 디지털 위성통신 시스템에 활용하기 위하여 DSP칩, RAM 및 PROM등에 의한 디지털 처리기술과 80286 프로세서를 이용하여 구현한 도플러 주파수 추적 장치의 설계 기술을 설명하였다. 설계된 도플러 주파수 추적장치는 INTELSAT VA위성을 이용하여 실험한 결과와 수식 계산 결과를 비교함으로써 시스템의 성능을 입증하였다.