• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.395-398
• /
• 1991

Physiological reactions of 24 six months old (22.7 kg. body weight) Barki ram lambs, to hot summer conditions, as influenced by asbestos shading at Maryout area were studied. Animals (12 shaded and 12 Unshaded) developed hyperthermia during summer as their rectal temperature (RT) and respiration rate (RR) were always higher (p<0.01) than normal. Asbestos shading caused higher (p<0.05) RT and RR ($39.5^{\circ}C$ and 69.9 r.p.m. vs. 39.2 and 45.7 r.p.m.) of rams at morning (6-8 a.m.) which became lower ($39.9^{\circ}C$ and 104.3 r.p.m. vs. $40.1^{\circ}C$ and 120.5 r.p.m.) in afternoon (2-4 p.m.) as compared to sun exposure. Shading also resulted in higher hematocrit value (PCV) (35.3% vs. 33.0%) and lower (p<0.05) daily weight gain (128.57 vs. 131.43 g). Diurnal (p<0.01) and monthly (p<0.05) RT and RR changes were closely associated with air temperature (AT) fluctuations. Monthly variation (p<0.05) in PCV was evident. Puberty was reached one month later in the shaded as compared to the unshaded group (265 vs. 232.3 day, respectively). It is concluded that asbestos shading prevents efficient heat dissipation to the sky by hyperthermic rams during summer nights. Construction materials for animal shelters are of extreme practical importance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.967-973
• /
• 2000

A metabolism trial was conducted with 28 Najdi rams allocated into seven dietary groups to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of Salicornia bigelovii Torr biomass on nutrient digestibility, rumina I fluid metabolites and nitrogen and mineral balances. Either the stems (ST) or spikes (SP) of this seawater-irrigated halophyte were incorporated into complete diets at rates of 0, 10, 20 and 30% levels, replacing equal amounts of rhodesgrass hay in a ground mixed control diet. Digestibility of DM, OM, EE, NFE and fecal and urinary nitrogen were not affected by increased level of ST in the diet. As level of ST increased from 0 to 20% in the diets, CP digestibility and nitrogen retention approached their maximum (p<0.01), whereas CF digestibility reached its minimum (p<0.01). On the other hand, except for EE, digestion of all nutrients and nitrogen retention were linearly depressed (p<0.01) as SP increased in the diets from 10 to 30% level. Concentration of ammonia-N, total VFA and pH values in the rumen fluid were lower (p<0.01) with the ST- or SP-fed diets than with the control diet. Increasing level of ST or SP in the diet was associated with an increase (p<0.01) in the proportion of acetate and a decline (p<0.01) in molar percentage of propionate in the ruminal fluid. Sodium absorption increased (p<0.01) with increased ST and SP in the diets up to the 10 and 20% level, respectively, followed by constant absorption values up to the 30% level. When the level of ST in the diet gradually increased to 30%, a concomitant increased (p<0:01) in Ca and P absorption were obvious; whereas, increased level of SP in the diets from 0 to 30% resulted in noticeable (p<0.01) depression in Ca and P apparent absorption.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.423-427
• /
• 2007

현재까지 하천의 흐름, 유사이동, 수질해석을 위해서는 외국에서 개발된 소프트웨어를 주로 사용해 오고 있었다. 학술 분야에서는 국내의 모형들이 연구되어졌지만 그에 따른 GUI나 가시화 시스템에 대한 실용화는 거의 이루어지지 못하였다. 본 연구에서는 범용 2차원 하천 흐름, 수질, 유사이동 해석을 위한 GUI 및 가시화 시스템(이하 RAMS, River Analysis and Modeling System)을 개발하여, 하상변동 및 오염물 이송확산에 미치는 수리학적 영향을 규명할 수 있도록 하였다. RAMS는 크게 mesh generator, 해석 모형의 입력 GUI 모듈, 입출력 파일 생성 모듈, 그리고 모의 결과의 가시화 시스템 등으로 이루어져 있다. Mesh generator는 지형자료(이미지 또는 DXF 파일)를 백그라운드 이미지로 가져올 수 있으며, 삼각형 노드와 사각형 노드를 지원한다. 또한 thin triangle들을 제거하는 기능, 선택된 요소(elements)를 제거하는 기능, triangle들을 서로 병합하여 사각형 요소를 만드는 기능, mesh의 renumbering 기능 등을 구현하였다. 특히 사용자가 잘못 생성한 요소들을 바로 이전 상태로 환원하는 undo/redo 기능을 구현하여 능률적인 mesh 생성이 가능하다. 해석 모형의 입력 GUI 모듈에는 각 해석 모형(흐름, 수질, 유사이동)에 특화된 GUI를 설계하여 사용자는 보다 친숙한 환경에서 편리하게 자료를 입력할 수 있다. 입출력 파일 생성 모듈에서는 사용자가 GUI를 통해 입력한 자료를 파일로 변환하여 즉각적으로 모의를 수행하며, 그 출력 파일을 읽어 모의 결과를 자동적으로 가시화한다. 모의 결과의 가시화 시스템에서는 수많은 모의 결과를 체계화하여 등고선 및 화살표 등으로 표현하며, time step 별 결과를 바로 확인할 수 있다. 또한 애니메이션 기능을 구현하여 사용자가 원하는 구간의 time step에서의 모의 결과를 연속적으로 볼 수 있으며, 이 애니메이션을 AVI 파일로 변환하여 다른 동영상 프로그램에서도 재생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 개발한 RAMS를 이용하여 하천 설계 시 그 공학적 근거를 제시하고, 국내 실정에 맞는 국산 소프트웨어를 제공함으로써 하천의 흐름, 수질, 유사이동 해석에 의한 하천의 수리학적 거동을 보다 편리하고 정확하게 모의할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.550-557
• /
• 2017

Owing to the established international standards for reliability and safety management of railways and the third-part conformity assessment implementation, quantitative risk assessment focusing on communication system related to railway safety has being implemented. The quantitative risk assessment starts from the establishment of quantitative RAMS requirements; the risk has to be maintained under an acceptable safety level. This paper introduces the risk assessment process based on international standards ; risk assessment was conducted using failure data for railway facilities for about 5.5 years. In addition, based on the results, a scientific risk management method for railway facilities is suggested.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.325-335
• /
• 2013

The study was set for one year to measure the effects of concentrate supplementation on reproductive performances and semen quality in indigenous rams. The study was conducted at the Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the period from May 2011 to April 2012. Forteen ram lambs (4~5 months) were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=7); supplemented vs control. The animals of control group were maintained on natural grazing. Along with natural grazing the supplemented group was on supplemented feeding. The concentrate supplementation (Wheat bran, Crushed maize, Soy bean meal, Fish meal, DCP powder, Vitamin mineral premix, Salt) was provided @ 300 g/head /day to the supplemented group. Body weight, scrotal circumference, BCS and libido index were measured weekly. Age, body weight and scrotal circumference at puberty were recorded. Semen was collected once in a weak using artificial vagina and chilled at $5^{\circ}C$ for 48h for evaluation. Concentrate supplementation did not influence (p>0.05) body condition score, age, weight, scrotal circumference at puberty and libido index. Final body weight (kg), growth rate (g/d), scrotal circumference (cm) and scrotal growth rate (mm/15d) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in supplemented group of rams compared to control. Volume, concentration, motility and membrane potentiality of spermatozoa were varied significantly (p<0.05) in supplemented and control groups. However, density, mass motility, viability and sperm with normal acrosome, midpiece and tail were not differed insignificantly (p>0.05) in different observation times. It was concluded that concentrate supplementation with free grazing improved weight and scrotal circumference gain and semen production with increased quality in indigenous ram.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.212-219
• /
• 2021

The aims of this study were to measure the ultrasonographic biometry of genitalia of the indigenous rams and observe the relationship of biometry on semen parameters. The epididymal volume was significantly reduced (p < 0.01) after semen collection compared with before collection for both left and right part in all rams. The cumulative results showed that although there was no significant difference in length, width and volume of epididymis between before and after semen collection, however the values were lower after collection. The epididymal length was significantly correlated with epididymal volume (p < 0.01), semen motility (p < 0.05) and semen morphology (p < 0.01). Epididymal width was only significantly correlated with epididymal volume (p < 0.01) not with the semen parameters. Epididymal volume had a significant correlation only with semen morphology (p < 0.01).The scrotal circumference had the significant correlation with semen density, mass activity, concentration and motility (p < 0.01). The epididymis had the similar or slightly increased echogenicity as compared to the normal testis. During whole study, some white spots were found on testis which did not affect the semen quantity and quality. Significant variation was observed only for semen concentration and motility among the rams (p < 0.05). The overall normal morphology was 90.5 ± 4.6% with highest percentage of coiled tail abnormalities.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.840-850
• /
• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the polymorphisms of the dopa decarboxylase (DDC) gene and association analysis with lamb quality and expression quantification of the DDC gene in phenotypically divergent Indonesian sheep. Methods: The totals of 189 rams with an average body weight of 24.12 kg at 10 to 12 months were used to identify DDC gene polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Among 189 rams, several rams representing various sheep genotypes were used for an association study between genotypes and phenotypic traits with proc general linear model (GLM) analysis. In addition, the gene expression analysis of the DDC mRNA in the phenotypically divergent sheep population was analyzed using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. Results: The DDC gene (g. 5377439 G>A) showed polymorphisms that indicated three genotypes: AA, AG, and GG. The DDC gene polymorphism was significantly associated (p≤0.05) with carcass characteristics including carcass percentage, carcass length, hot and cold carcass; physical properties of lamb quality including pH value; retail cut carcass; fatty acid composition such as fat content, pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), tricosylic acid (C23:0), lignoceric acid (C24:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), elaidic acid (C18:1n9t), nervonic acid (C24:1), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), cervonic acid (C22:6n3); and mineral content including potassium (K). The GG genotype of the DDC gene had the best association with lamb quality traits. The DDC gene expression analysis mRNA showed no significant difference (p≥0.05) between lamb quality traits. Conclusion: The DDC gene could be used as a potential candidate gene to improve lamb quality.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.413-422
• /
• 2003

In the early 20th century, the efforts for design standards for industry and the new aesthetic of Functionalism began from the Deutcher Werkbund, an English German Association of Craftsmen. In the similar vein, the Bauhaus, founded in 1919 at Weimar, provided the definition of Good Design, as a contemporary concept, that combines art with technology. From 1950 to 1955, the modern usage of the term 'Good Design' was derived from a series of exhibitions and consumer education programs conducted by the MOMA(Museum of Modern Art, New York). The mission was to bring modern design to the attention of the general public. From the second half of the 20th century, many specialists in different areas, such as designers, manufacturers, enterprises, and scholars, began to give various definitions of 'Good Design'. That's why it could be interpreted and applied to unique and various methods by them. Meanwhile, Rams and Norman argued that the Good Design has to be not only considered within function, aesthetic, technology, etc, but also interpreted from both the physical and psychological point of views. Accordingly, this study tried to find out the historical investigation and the definition of Good Design in detail, and to figure out that the user-centered design from both physical and psychological approaches is eventually synonymous to 'Good Design'.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2000.11b
• /
• pp.293-296
• /
• 2000

In this paper, we designed a 192-tap echo canceller for a modem using VHDL. To evaluate errors, we used adaptive algorithm. We adopted pipeline technique and realized delay-taps with RAMs. We simulated this design using Altera MAX+PLUS II.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2008.04a
• /
• pp.553-554
• /
• 2008