• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.32-35
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• 1980

A number of chemical compounds that modify radiation effects are reviewed, with brief report of our own experiments on radioprotective effect of some vasoconstrictive agents and 5-Thio-D-Glucose. Sulfhydryl compounds(-SH group) and some pharmacologic compounds such as CNS depresants, vasoconstrictive agents and autonomic drugs are known to have radioprotective effect in experimental research and in limitted clinical study, whereas oxygen, hallogenated pyrimidines and metronidazole, etc. have radiosensitizing effect. Author experimentally observed some radioprotective effects of angiotensin II, a strong vasoconstrictor, and 5-Thio-D-glucose in mice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5553-5565
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• 2013

Plants play important roles in human life not only as suppliers of oxygen but also as a fundamental resource to sustain the human race on this earthly plane. Plants also play a major role in our nutrition by converting energy from the sun during photosynthesis. In addition, plants have been used extensively in traditional medicine since time immemorial. Information in the biomedical literature has indicated that many natural herbs have been investigated for their efficacy against lethal irradiation. Pharmacological studies by various groups of investigators have shown that natural herbs possess significant radioprotective activity. In view of the immense medicinal importance of natural product based radioprotective agents, this review aims at compiling all currently available information on radioprotective agents from medicinal plants and herbs, especially the evaluation methods and mechanisms of action. In this review we particularly emphasize on ethnomedicinal uses, botany, phytochemistry, mechanisms of action and toxicology. We also describe modern techniques for evaluating herbal samples as radioprotective agents. The usage of herbal remedies for combating lethal irradiation is a green anti-irradiation approach for the betterment of human beings without high cost, side effects and toxicity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.158-162
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• 2006

Cyclic dipeptides isolated from Streptomyces sp. have been shown to have antimicrobial activity as well as other potentially useful biological activities. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro activity of two cyclic dipeptides combined against anaerobic bacteria with the activity of other antimicrobial agents. Specifically, the in vitro activity of the combination of two cyclic dipeptides was investigated against 140 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria by the agar dilution method and was compared with that of erythromycin, cefoxitin, imipenem, clindamycin, and metronidazole. The cyclic dipeptide combination and imipenem were the most active antimicrobial agents tested. In addition, the cyclic dipeptide combination had a radioprotective effect on five normal human lung fibroblast cells, showing survival rates higher $(>90\%)$ than either of the two cyclic dipeptides alone $(<80\%)$.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.256-260
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• 2015

Purpose: Mefenamic acid (MEF) as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug is used as a medication for relieving of pain and inflammation. Radiation-induced inflammation process is involved in DNA damage and cell death. In this study, the radioprotective effect of MEF was investigated against genotoxicity induced by ionizing radiation in human blood lymphocytes. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from human volunteers and incubated with MEF at different concentrations (5, 10, 50, or $100{\mu}M$) for two hours. The whole blood was exposed to ionizing radiation at a dose 1.5 Gy. Lymphocytes were cultured with mitogenic stimulation to determine the micronuclei in cytokinesis blocked binucleated lymphocyte. Results: A significant decreasing in the frequency of micronuclei was observed in human lymphocytes irradiated with MEF as compared to irradiated lymphocytes without MEF. The maximum decreasing in frequency of micronuclei was observed at $100{\mu}M$ of MEF (38% decrease), providing maximal protection against ionizing radiation. Conclusion: The radioprotective effect of MEF is probably related to anti-inflammatory property of MEF on human lymphocytes.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2010

Developments of radioprotective agents are important issues for minimizing the troubles and the effective treatments in radiotherapy. But few agents are useful in clinical and practical fields. It was shown that trace elements in alcohol beverages might have radioprotective effect. In this study, the types of cell death of lymphocytes according to the commercial alcohol beverage was investigated. Normal healthy volunteers ingested distilled water, beer or soju containing $81.5mg{\cdot}dl^{-1}$ ethyl ahcohol, respectively. After 2 hours, their blood were sampled with their consents. Fraction of lymphocytes was isolated by density gradient method with Histopaque-1077 (Sigma) and irradiated with dose from 0.5 to 5 Gy. After 60 hour incubation, the cells were harvested and analysed by flow cytometry. Cell viability was decreased by dose dependent manner. Cell viability of beer group was reduced about 15% compared with control group. Apoptosis in soju group was reduced about 20% compared with control group. Apoptosis of beer and control groups are similar. Necrosis of soju group significantly increased about 35% compared with control group. Early apoptosis of beer group was increased compared with control group. Early apoptosis of soju group was decreased about 25% compared with control group. Late apoptosis of beer and control group was increased by dose dependent manner. Late apoptosis of soju group was increased about 20-30% compared with control group. Late apoptosis of soju was increased and the radioprotective effect of soju was minimal because late apoptosis induced the cell necrosis. In case of soju trace elements, total cell apoptosis was decreased about 20% and early cell apoptosis was remarkably low. In this case, mitotic cells death may be dominant mechanism. Therefore, trace elements in soju may not be effective radioprotective agents.

• Advanced Industrial SCIence
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

Recently, it is increasing that a issue of concern about radiation exposure. It affects soil, water, air, crops, etc., and in the long term, environmental pollution and food pollution occur, and it is considered to cause social problems and economic damage. Radiation exposure causes diseases and health problems, but as a method for diagnosing diseases, nuclear medicine tests such as X-ray imaging, CT, and PET-CT are conducted, and radiation isotopes are exposed for the purpose of cancer treatment. A Hungarian case study on radiation in water, particularly drinking water, following the release of radioactive waste from Fukushima, and an examination of the Larsemann Hills area in Antarctica, found that it was within the prescribed radioactivity limits of drinking water recommended by the World Health Organization. We looked at radioprotective agents, focusing on DNA damage, cell and organ damage, and cancer, and also investigated various literatures on ACE inhibitors, antioxidants, and natural substances among restoration materials. Although exposed to radiation in everyday life, the reason why it can be safe is probably because there is a radiation protection material and a recovery material for radiation exposure, so we are trying to find possible materials.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.99-104
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• 2008

According to the increase in the use of radiotherapy to cancer patients, many approaches have been tried to develop new agents for the protection of surrounding normal tissues. However, it is still few applied in the clinic as a radioprotector. We aim to find a representative parameter for radioprotection to easily predict the activity of in vivo experiment from the results of in vitro screening. The polysaccharide extracted from Panax ginseng was used in this study because the immunostimulator has been regarded as one of the radioprotective agent category and was already reported having a promising radioprotective activity through the increase of hematopoietic cells and the production of several cytokines. Mitogenic activity, AK cells activity and nitric oxide production were monitored for the in vitro immunological assay, and endogenous colony-forming unit (e-CFU) was measured as in vivo radioprotective parameter. The immunological activity was increased by the galactose contents of ginseng polysaccharide dependently. The result of this study suggests that mitogenic activity of splenocytes demonstrated a good correlation with in vivo radioprotective effect, and may be used as a representative parameter to screen the candidates for radioprotector.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6441-6446
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• 2012

Background: Radiation therapy plays an important role in lung carcinoma treatment. However, the incidence of symptomatic radiation-induced lung injury is high. This study aimed to evaluate radioprotective effects of flavonoids extracted from Astragalus complanatus and mechanisms of action against radiation damage. Methods: Alteration in antioxidant status and levles of several cytokines were investigated in BABL/C mice treated with 4 mg/kg b.wt. flavonoids after exposure to 10Gy thoracic radiation. Results: Serum levels of SOD in the flavonoids+radiation group were significantly higher compared to the radiation control group, while TGF-${\beta}1$ and IL-6 were lower. Mice in the radiation control group displayed more severe lung damage compared with the flavonoids+radiation group. The expression of TGF-${\beta}1$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ in the radiation control group was markedly increased in alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages of the alveolar septum. Conclusions: From the results of the present study, flavonoids could be excellent candidates as protective agents against radiation-induced lung injury.

• Radioisotope journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.38-45
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• 2006

A new herbal composition. HemoHIM, was developed using irradiated animal models and was successfully applied as an immune-improving agent. In a view that the protection and recovery of immune, hematopoietic and self-renewal tissues are essential for radioprotective agents, HemoHIM was developed based on a novel combination of three edible herbs (Angelica Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma. Paeonin Radix) that meet all those requirements. HemoHIM significantly protected the immune and hematopoietic system and enhanced their recovery in y-irradiated mice. For the application of HemoHIM as a health functional food and a supplementary agent for the cancer patients, the efficacy of HemoHIM to improve the immune functions was further evaluated in immune-depressed animals and humans. Animal studies demonstrated that HemoHIM significantly improved the immune functions in cyclophosphamide-treated mice, aged mice, and dexamethasone-treated mice. In human studies, HemoHIM enhanced the immune activity and cytokine secretion in sub-healthy volunteers, and alleviated the severe leukocyre depression in cancer patients during radiation and chemotherapy. Based on these results, HemoHIM was approved by Korea FDA as a material of health functional food for immune function improvement and will be commercially available soon. This case of HemoHIM research and development suggested that irradiated animals can be good models for biological degenerations such as immune depression, self-renewal tissue damage, and aging for the development of biological modulators.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.114-122
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• 1986

At present, the treatments of the radiation-induced diseases are only performing by the palliative treatment technique. Moreover, radiation protective agents are a little toxic for human being and this seriously limits their applicability with various complications in clinical uses. Accordingly, as a part of the aim of gain of the basic data for protective roles of some radioprotectors, the present investigation was carried out to evaluate the comparative radioprotective effects by the administration of DDC, MEA, WR-2721. Results are shown for statistically significant analysis and correlation with each group as follows; 1. The proper doses of the radioprotectors were DDC; 1,550 mg/kg, MEA; 450 mg/kg, WR-2721; 780 mg/kg of the mouse body weight. 2. DMF(Dose modification factor) of LD 50/10 and LD 50/30 for whole body irradiation was DDC; 1.2, MEA; 1.4, WR-2721; 1.9 and DDC; 1.7, MEA; 1.8, WR-2721; 2.5 respectively. 3. DMF for radiation reaction of jejunal crypt was DDC: 1.07, MEA: 1.21 and WR-2721: 1.76 and that of jejunal crypt cell was DDC: 1.04, MEA: 1.08 and WR-2721: 1.38 respectively. 4. Conclusively, WR-2721 was the most effective drung among the three radioprotectors and this result must be a supportive data for further study for clinical application.