• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2020

This document is the third part of the guidelines for the interpretation and post-processing of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) studies. These consensus recommendations have been developed by a Consensus Committee of the Korean Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (KOSCI) to standardize the requirements for image interpretation and post-processing of CMR. This third part of the recommendations describes tissue characterization modules, including perfusion, late gadolinium enhancement, and T1- and T2 mapping. Additionally, this document provides guidance for visual and quantitative assessment, consisting of "What-to-See," "How-To," and common pitfalls for the analysis of each module. The Consensus Committee hopes that this document will contribute to the standardization of image interpretation and post-processing of CMR studies.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 1993

However, technical advances in ultrasono imaging have had a remarkable impact on the study of biliary system oral cholecystography is a contrast of the gallbladder which is very frequently performed even with the application of Extra Shock Wave Lithotripsy(ESWL) in clinical use. Oral GB requires a stringent preparation if it is to be fully successful and a considerable amount of time to complete all its procedures and its objects of the radiographs. 1) to obtain a firm diagnosis of the presence of gallstones. 2) to essess function of the gallbladder that is, its ability to concentrate and store bile. After a times sequence of X-ray exposures taken in various positions to show the gallbladder to be satisfactorily filled, the patient is given a fatty meal, for instances two eggs or a cup of milk. The gallbladder which is drained by the cystic duct stores and concentrates the bile and is stimulated to contrast and excrete the bile by hormone "cholecystokinin" secreted in the intestinal mucosa. To evaluate the effect of the fatty meal which caused the gallbladder to constrict and empty, and by so doing the contrast medium passes through the cystic and bile ducts which are shown in radiographs exposed from 15-30 minutes after the variety practice of fattymeal, such as soft-boiled 2 eggs, raw 2 eggs, 100g of peanuts, and 200ml of milk. If the concentration of the opaque medium in the gallbladder is adequate, then not only the size, shape and position of the gallbladder will be shown from firms taken at intervals, the rate of concentration of the opaque medium and of the emptying of gallbladder has been measured and analyzed.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological results of single and double fusions in the transverse tarsal joint. Materials and Methods: Between December 2000 and April 2009, 16 patients (16 feet) who had been treated by fusion of transverse tarsal joint were included in this study. In 8 patients, only talonavicular joint was fused and in the other 8 patients, both talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints were fused simultaneously. We have measured talo-first metatarsal angle, calcaneal pitch angle, talonavicular coverage angle and presence of adjacent joint arthritis for radiological assessment at both preoperative and last visit. Furthermore, we have evaluated Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and patient's satisfaction. Results: In a single fusion group, VAS was improved from $6.4{\pm}1.4$ to $0.8{\pm}1.0$ (p=0.0011) and AOFAS score was improved from $63.8{\pm}6.2$ to $89.4{\pm}9.8$ (p=0.0012). In a double fusion group, VAS was improved from $8.0{\pm}0.75$ to $2.0{\pm}1.8$ (p=0.0011) and AOFAS score was improved from $60.5{\pm}11.2$ to $89.5{\pm}6.0$ (p=0.0012). In the difference of talo-first metatarsal angle between two groups, a single fused group was more improved than a double fused group (p=0.04). Conclusion: Both single and double fusions are useful and attractive treatment for the transverse tarsal joint arthritis. Furthermore, a single fusion has advantages of less invasiveness and preserving some degree of hindfoot motion and could be an effective alternative to a double fusion if patient meets appropriate criteria through careful preoperative evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.346-352
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• 2012

Objective : We compared the radiological and clinical outcomes between patients who underwent posterior fixation alone and supplemented with fusion following the onset of thoracolumbar burst fractures. In addition, we also evaluated the necessity of posterolateral fusion for patients treated with posterior pedicle screw fixation. Methods : From January 2007 to December 2009, 46 consecutive patients with thoracolumbar burst fracture were included in this study. On the basis of posterolateral fusion, we divided our patients into the non-fusion group and the fusion group. The radiological assessment was performed according to the Cobb's method, and results were obtained at immediately, 3, 6, 12 months after surgery. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using the modified Mcnab criteria at the final follow-up. Results : The demographic data and the mean follow-up period were similar between the two groups. Patients of both groups achieved satisfactory clinical outcomes. The mean loss of kyphosis correction showed that patients of both groups experienced loss of correction with no respect to whether they underwent the posterolateral fusion. There was no significant difference in the degree of loss of correction at any time points of the follow-up between the two groups. In addition, we also compared the effect of fixed levels (i.e., short versus long segment) on loss of correction between the two groups and there was no significant difference. There were no major complications postoperatively and during follow-up period. Conclusion : We suggest that posterolateral fusion may be unnecessary for patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures who underwent posterior pedicle screw fixation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.194-200
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• 2013

Objective : Lumbar spine stenosis (LSS) can result in symptomatic compression of the neural elements, requiring surgical treatment if conservative management fails. Minimally invasive surgery has come to be more commonly used for the treatment of LSS. The current study describes outcomes of bilateral microdecompression by unilateral or bilateral laminotomy (BML) for degenerative LSS after a minimum follow-up period of 3 years and investigates factors that result in a poor outcome. Methods : Twenty-one patients who were followed-up for at least 3 years were included in this study. For clinical evaluation, the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scoring system for low back pain was used. The modified grading system of Finneson and Cooper was used for outcome assessment. Radiographic evaluation was also performed for spondylolisthesis, sagittal rotation angle, and disc height. Results : Twenty-one patients (10 men, 11 women) aged 53-82 years ($64.1{\pm}8.9$ years) were followed-up for a minimum of 3 years (36-69 months). During follow-up, two patients underwent reoperation. Average preoperative JOA score and clinical symptoms, except persistent low back pain, improved significantly at the latest follow-up. There were no significant differences in radiological findings preoperatively and postoperatively. Thirteen patients (61.9%) had excellent to fair outcomes. Conclusion : BML resulted in a favorable and persistent outcome for patients with degenerative LSS without radiological instability over a mid-term follow-up period. Persistent low back pain unrelated to postoperative instability adversely affects mid-term outcomes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.307-316
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• 2005

The Internal dose by food consumption mostly account for radiological dose of public around nuclear poller plants(NPP). But, food consumption rate applied to off-site dose calculation in Korea which is the result of field investigation around Kori NPP by the KAERI in 1988, is not reflected of the latest dietary characteristics. The Ministry of Health and Welfare Affairs has investigated the food and nutrition of nations every 3 years based on the Law of National Health Improvement. To update the food consumption rates of the maximum individual the analysis of the national food investigation results and field surveys around nuclear power plant sites have been carried out.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.224-230
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• 2011

Objective : This study aimed to show the possibility of neural canal enlargement and restoration of bony fragments through laminectomy and minimal facetectomy without pediculectomy or an anterior approach, and also to prove the adequacy of posterior stabilization of vertebral deformities after thoracolumbar bursting fracture. Methods : From January 2003 to June 2009, we experienced 45 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures. All patients enrolled were presented with either a neural canal compromise of more than 40% with a Benzel-Larson Grade of VI, or more than 30% compromise with less than a Benzel-Larson Grade of V. Most important characteristic of our surgical procedure was repositioning retropulsed bone fragments using custom-designed instruments via laminectomy and minimal facetectomy without removing the fractured bone fragments. Beneath the dural sac, these custom-designed instruments could push the retropulsed bone fragments within the neural canal after the decompression and bone fragment repositioning. Results : The mean kyphotic deformities measured preoperatively and at follow-up within 12 months were 17.7 degrees (${\pm}6.4$ degrees) and 9.6 degrees (${\pm}5.2$ degrees), respectively. The mean midsagittal diameter improved from 8.8 mm (${\pm}2.8$ mm) before surgery to 14.2 mm (${\pm}1.6$ mm) at follow-up. The mean traumatic vertebral body height before surgery was 41.3% (${\pm}12.6%$). At follow-up assessment within 12 months, this score showed a statistically significant increase to 68.3% (${\pm}12.8%$). Neurological improvement occurred in all patients. Conclusion : Though controversy exists in the treatment of severe thoracolumbar burst fracture, we achieved effective radiological and clinical results in the cases of burst fractures causing severe canal compromise and spinal deformity by using this novel custom-designed instruments, via posterior approach alone.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of Ludloff osteotomy for treatment of hallux valgus with regard to patient satisfaction and clinical and radiological results. Materials and Methods: 43 feet of 28 patients underwent Ludloff osteotomy between January 2003 and August 2003. 21 patients (32 feet) who were available for follow up for more than one year were enrolled in this study. Average follow up period was 16 months. All patients were female and the average age was 51 years ranging 28 years to 72 years. Patient satisfaction was assessed and VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) was used for subjective outcome, AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) score and presence of metatarsalgia were used for clinical outcome, and hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle were used for radiological outcome assessment. Results: Patient satisfaction regarding cosmesis was excellent in 6 cases, good in 21 cases, fair in 4 cases and poor in 1 case. VAS was improved from preoperative 6 points to postoperative 2 points and AOFAS score was improved from preoperative 53 points to postoperative 82 points. Metatarsalgia was observed in 18 cases preoperatively and 9 cases postoperatively. HVA and IMA were 35.8 and 15.2 degrees preoperatively, 12.5 and 6.6 degrees at 3 months follow up, and 13.2 and 7.1 degrees at last follow up respectively. At the last follow up, loss of angle of correction for HVA was 0.7 degrees and for IMA was 0.5 degrees. Conclusion: Ludloff osteotomy is an appropriate surgery of moderate to severe hallux valgus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.423-428
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• 2017

In this study, the calculation of the effective spatial dose distribution of the diagnostic imaging laboratory of K university was performed by the Monte Carlo simulation. The radiation generator has a maximum tube voltage of 150 kVp and a maximum current of 700 mA. Using the results, we compared the spatial effective dose distributions of diagnostic imaging laboratory when the shielding door was closed and opened. In conclusion, it was found that the effective dose in the operating room of the diagnostic imaging laboratory does not exceed the annual dose limit (6 mSv/y) of the student (occasional visitor) even when the door is opened. However, since the effective dose when the door is open is about 16 times higher in front of the lead glass window and about 3,000 times higher in front of the doorway than the case when the door is closed, closing the shielding door at the time of the practical exercising reduces unnecessary radiation exposure by great extent.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2020

This study aimed to found out the effect of patellofemoral overlap distance by changing femur thickness and center X-ray angles in Merchant method images. Based on the femur thickness, it suggested tube angle minimizes overlap. It was conducted by Merchant method, a knee tangential view, and the image was obtained by changing the thigh thickness from 14 to 20 cm and the center ray angle from 60°, 57°, 55°. The images were measured by five researchers using a method of measuring the overlap, which was designed by them. The results showed at 60°, 57°, 55° angle, the patellofemoral overlap distance resulted in 0.47±0.66 to 20.89±0.65 cm, 2.26±0.28 to 15.73±0.62 cm, 1.39 ± 0.83 to 12.49 ± 0.37 cm. However, for 57° and 55°, no overlap in thickness under 14.5 and 14 to 15.5 didn't appear. it showed high correlation between femur thickness and overlap. The difference in the mean value of overlap in each group showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.01), all were classified as independent groups in the post-hoc test. In all images, the patellofemoral overlap distance increased as the thickness increased, and at the average thickness of Korean men and women, overlap decreased when reducing center ray. When conducting Merchant tests on Koreans, it was suggested it would be useful to use 57° angle because it minimize the effects of overlap and intrusions of tibia.