• 제목/요약/키워드: Radiofrequency (RF)

검색결과 96건 처리시간 0.029초

FDTD 방법을 이용한 MRI Birdcage RF Coil의 Endcap 효과 분석 (Analysis of Endcap Effect for MRI Birdcage RF Coil by FDTD Method)

  • 정성택;박부식;신윤미;곽준식;조종운;김경남
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    • /
    • 제7권2호
    • /
    • pp.137-143
    • /
    • 2003
  • 목적 : 자기공명영상(MRI)에서 두부영상촬영을 위하여 가장 많이 사용되는 birdcage RF (Radiofrequency) 코일의 RF B1 필드가 코일 중앙부에서 endring영역으로 갈수록 줄어드는 것을 볼 수 있다. Birdcage RF 코일에서 endcap 쉴드가 코일 중앙부에서 endring영역으로 갈수록 RF B1 필드 균질성에 얼마나 영향을 주는지에 대하여 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 : Lowpass, highpass, hybrid birdcage RF 코일들에 대해 각각 FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) 모의실험으로 RF B1 자속밀도 분포를 비교하였다. 모의 실험결과 RF Bl 필드가 가장 높은 조건인 highpass birdcage RF코일을 선택하여 RF코일 endring 근처에 endcap 쉴드를 적용함으로써 RF B1 균질성에 얼마나 영향이 있는 지 조사하였다. 결과 : FDTD모의실험결과 highpass birdcage RF코일은 코일 내부에서 RF B1 필드가 lowpass나 hybrid 형태의 birdcage RF 코일들 보다 우수하나 코일 중앙부에서 endring 영역까지의 균질성은 떨어졌다. 그러나 highpass birdcage RF 코일에 endcap 쉴드를 적용하면 hybrid birdcage RF 코일의 RF B1 필드와 비슷한 수준이면서 sagittal 방향의 전체적인 RF B1 균질성은 우수하였다. 결론 : 본 논문에서 제안한 방법은 임상에서 MRI자장의 세기가 커질수록 RF코일 내부의 RF B1 균질성이 현저히 떨어지는 문제점이 있는데 이를 개선하는데 적용 할 수 있다고 사료된다.

  • PDF

Genome-wide Response of Normal WI-38 Human Fibroblast Cells to 1,763 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation

  • Im, Chang-Nim;Kim, Eun-Hye;Park, Ae-Kyung;Park, Woong-Yang
    • Genomics & Informatics
    • /
    • 제8권1호
    • /
    • pp.28-33
    • /
    • 2010
  • Increased exposure of human to RF fields has raised concerns for its potential adverse effects on our health. To address the biological effects of RF radiation, we used genome wide gene expression as the indicator. We exposed normal WI-38 human fibroblast cells to 1763 MHz mobile phone RF radiation at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 60 W/kg with an operating cooling system for 24 h. There were no alterations in cell numbers or morphology after RF exposure. Through microarray analysis, we identified no differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the 0.05 significance level after controlling for multiple testing errors with the Benjaminiochberg false discovery rate (BH FDR) method. Meanwhile, 82 genes were differentially expressed between RF-exposed cells and controls when the significance level was set at 0.01 without correction for multiple comparisons. We found that 24 genes (0.08% of the total genes examined) were changed by more than 1.5-fold on RF exposure. However, significant enrichment of any gene set or pathway was not observed from the functional annotation analysis. From these results, we did not find any evidence that non-thermal RF radiation at a 60-W/kg SAR significantly affects cell proliferation or gene expression in WI-38 cells.

서혜부 탈장 교정술 후 발생한 서혜부 만성 통증 환자에서 요추 후근 신경절에 시행한 박동성 고주파술을 이용한 치료 - 증례보고 - (Pulsed Radiofrequency of Lumbar Dorsal Root Ganglia for Treatment of Chronic Inguinal Herniorrhaphy Pain - A case report -)

  • 강승희;한효조;김원영;김대영;문동언
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
    • /
    • 제20권2호
    • /
    • pp.203-207
    • /
    • 2007
  • Inguinal hernia repair can result in paresthesia and/or pain in the inguinal region. Pharmacological and surgical management often yield inconsistent results associated with considerable risks and side effects. Radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RF) is a neuro-destructive treatment for severe pain, but associated with hypoesthesia, neuritis-like reactions, and occasional neuroma formation. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF), unlike RF, delivers high intensity currents in pulses, is non-neurodestructive, and therefore less painful, without the potential complications. Here we report on PRF in chronic postoperative inguinal pain. A 23-year-old male who received right inguinal hernia repair and complained of right sided groin pain for approximately 10 years underwent PRF at the L1 and L2 dorsal root ganglia (DRG). He then reported a decrease in pain from 80-90/100 mm to 15-30/100 mm on a visual analogue scale (VAS), which lasted for twelve months.

Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment of Pain Relieving Point in a Soft Tissue

  • Lee, Jeong-Soo;Yoon, Kyung-Bong;Kim, In-Ki;Yoon, Duck-Mi
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
    • /
    • 제24권1호
    • /
    • pp.57-60
    • /
    • 2011
  • Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment of nervous tissue has been proposed as a less neurodestructive technique alternative to continuous RF heat lesioning. Recently, clinical reports using PRF have shown favorable effects in the treatment of a variety of focal pain areas, even in non-nervous tissues; however, the mechanism of effect underlying this treatment to non-nervous tissue remains unclear. We report the case of a 67-year-old male who presented with pain reliving point in the posterior neck. The patient had pain in the posterior neck for 3 years. The pain subsided with pressure applied to a point in the posterior neck. There were no specific abnormal findings on laboratory testing and radiologic examinations. After PRF treatment to the pain-relieving point, he had pain relief which lasted more than 5 months.

Relationship between paravertebral muscle twitching and long-term effects of radiofrequency medial branch neurotomy

  • Koh, Jae Chul;Kim, Do Hyeong;Lee, Youn Woo;Choi, Jong Bum;Ha, Dong Hun;An, Ji Won
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
    • /
    • 제30권4호
    • /
    • pp.296-303
    • /
    • 2017
  • Background: To achieve a prolonged therapeutic effect in patients with lumbar facet joint syndrome, radiofrequency medial branch neurotomy (RF-MB) is commonly performed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of paravertebral muscle twitching when performing RF-MB in patients with lumbar facet joint syndrome. Methods: We collected and analyzed data from 68 patients with confirmed facet joint syndrome. Sensory stimulation was performed at 50 Hz with a 0.5 V cut-off value. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the twitching of the paravertebral muscle during 2 Hz motor stimulation: 'Complete', when twitching was observed at all needles; 'Partial', when twitching was present at 1 or 2 needles; and 'None', when no twitching was observed. The relationship between the long-term effects of RF-MB and paravertebral muscle twitching was analyzed. Results: The mean effect duration of RF-MB was 4.6, 5.8, and 7.0 months in the None, Partial, and Complete groups, respectively (P = 0.47). Although the mean effect duration of RF-MB did not increase significantly in proportion to the paravertebral muscle twitching, the Complete group had prolonged effect duration (> 6 months) than the None group in subgroup analysis. (P = 0.03). Conclusions: Paravertebral muscle twitching while performing lumbar RF-MB may be a reliable predictor of long-term efficacy when sensory provocation under 0.5 V is achieved. However, further investigation may be necessary for clarifying its clinical significance.

The Effect of Sub-chronic Whole-Body Exposure to a 1,950 MHz Electromagnetic Field on the Hippocampus in the Mouse Brain

  • Son, Yeonghoon;Jeong, Ye Ji;Kwon, Jong Hwa;Choi, Hyung-Do;Pack, Jeong-Ki;Kim, Nam;Lee, Yun-Sil;Lee, Hae-June
    • Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
    • /
    • 제15권3호
    • /
    • pp.151-157
    • /
    • 2015
  • The increasing use of mobile phones has raised public concern about the possible biological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on the human brain. To investigate the potential effect of RF-EMF exposure on the brain, we examined the behaviors and hippocampal morphology of C57BL/6 mice after sub-chronic exposure to RF-EMFs with a relatively high SAR level (5.0 W/kg). We applied a 2-hour daily exposure of WCDMA 1,950 MHz using a reverberation chamber that was designed for whole-body exposure for 60 days. In the behavioral tests, RF-EMF did not alter the physical activity or long-term memory of mice. Moreover, no alteration was found in the neuronal and glial cells in the hippocampus by RF-EMFs. In this study, we showed that sub-chronic whole body RF exposure did not produce memory impairment and hippocampal morphological alteration in C57BL/6 mice.

Exposure to 835 MHz RF-EMF decreases the expression of calcium channels, inhibits apoptosis, but induces autophagy in the mouse hippocampus

  • Kim, Ju Hwan;Sohn, Uy Dong;Kim, Hyung-Gun;Kim, Hak Rim
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
    • /
    • 제22권3호
    • /
    • pp.277-289
    • /
    • 2018
  • The exponential increase in the use of mobile communication has triggered public concerns about the potential adverse effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) emitted by mobile phones on the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we explored the relationship between calcium channels and apoptosis or autophagy in the hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice after RF-EMF exposure with a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4.0 W/kg for 4 weeks. Firstly, the expression level of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), a key regulator of the entry of calcium ions into the cell, was confirmed by immunoblots. We investigated and confirmed that pan-calcium channel expression in hippocampal neurons were significantly decreased after exposure to RF-EMF. With the observed accumulation of autolysosomes in hippocampal neurons via TEM, the expressions of autophagy-related genes and proteins (e.g., LC3B-II) had significantly increased. However, down-regulation of the apoptotic pathway may contribute to the decrease in calcium channel expression, and thus lower levels of calcium in hippocampal neurons. These results suggested that exposure of RF-EMF could alter intracellular calcium homeostasis by decreasing calcium channel expression in the hippocampus; presumably by activating the autophagy pathway, while inhibiting apoptotic regulation as an adaptation process for 835 MHz RF-EMF exposure.

유한 요소 해석을 이용한 고주파 간 종양 절제술의 입력 파형 최적화를 위한 연구 (A Study For Optimizing Input Waveforms In Radiofrequency Liver Tumor Ablation Using Finite Element Analysis)

  • 임도형;남궁범석;이태우;최진승;탁계래;김한성
    • 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
    • /
    • 제28권2호
    • /
    • pp.235-243
    • /
    • 2007
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma is significant worldwide public health problem with an estimated annually mortality of 1,000,000 people. Radiofrequency (RF) ablation is an interventional technique that in recent years has come to be used for treatment of the hepatocellualr carcinoma, by destructing tumor tissues in high temperatures. Numerous studies have been attempted to prove excellence of RF ablation and to improve its efficiency by various methods. However, the attempts are sometimes paradox to advantages of a minimum invasive characteristic and an operative simplicity in RF ablation. The aim of the current study is, therefore, to suggest an improved RF ablation technique by identifying an optimum RF pattern, which is one of important factors capable of controlling the extent of high temperature region in lossless of the advantages of RF ablation. Three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was developed and validated comparing with the results reported by literature. Four representative Rf patterns (sine, square, exponential, and simulated RF waves), which were corresponding to currents fed during simulated RF ablation, were investigated. Following parameters for each RF pattern were analyzed to identify which is the most optimum in eliminating effectively tumor tissues. 1) maximum temperature, 2) a degree of alteration of maximum temperature in a constant time range (30-40 second), 3) a domain of temperature over $47^{\circ}C$ isothermal temperature (IT), and 4) a domain inducing over 63% cell damage. Here, heat transfer characteristics within the tissues were determined by Bioheat Governing Equation. Developed FE model showed 90-95% accuracy approximately in prediction of maximum temperature and domain of interests achieved during RF ablation. Maximum temperatures for sine, square, exponential, and simulated RF waves were $69.0^{\circ}C,\;66.9^{\circ}C,\;65.4^{\circ}C,\;and\;51.8^{\circ}C$, respectively. While the maximum temperatures were decreased in the constant time range, average time intervals for sine, square, exponential, and simulated RE waves were $0.49{\pm}0.14,\;1.00{\pm}0.00,\;1.65{\pm}0.02,\;and\;1.66{\pm}0.02$ seconds, respectively. Average magnitudes of the decreased maximum temperatures in the time range were $0.45{\pm}0.15^{\circ}C$ for sine wave, $1.93{\pm}0.02^{\circ}C$ for square wave, $2.94{\pm}0.05^{\circ}C$ for exponential wave, and $1.53{\pm}0.06^{\circ}C$ for simulated RF wave. Volumes of temperature domain over $47^{\circ}C$ IT for sine, square, exponential, and simulated RF waves were 1480mm3, 1440mm3, 1380mm3, and 395mm3, respectively. Volumes inducing over 63% cell damage for sine, square, exponential, and simulated RF waves were 114mm3, 62mm3, 17mm3, and 0mm3, respectively. These results support that applying sine wave during RF ablation may be generally the most optimum in destructing effectively tumor tissues, compared with other RF patterns.

전자파(電磁波)에 노출된 생쥐의 해마에서 운동이 AMPK, ERK-1/2, p38 단백 발현 변화에 미치는 생체 영향 (The Expression changes of AMPK, ERK-1/2, and p38 protein associated with Exercise in the Mouse hippocampus exposed to Radiofrequency Radiation)

  • 이민선;박옥진;김현택;김명주
    • 디지털융복합연구
    • /
    • 제18권3호
    • /
    • pp.267-273
    • /
    • 2020
  • 전자파에 노출된 생쥐에서 운동이 해마에 미치는 생체영향을 확인하고자 뇌의 신경세포에서 많이 발현되는 AMPKα, p-AMPKα, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p38, p-p38 단백질 발현의 변화를 해마에서 조사하였다. 10주 동안 생쥐들을 정상군, 운동군, 전자파 노출군, 전자파 노출 및 자발운동군으로 나누어 비교하였다. 생쥐들은 835 MHz의 주파수를 송출하는 Wave Exposer V20을 사용해 전자파에 노출시켰고, 각 분자들에 대한 단백질 발현량의 차이는뇌의 해마를 분리해 Western blot으로 조사했다. 각각의 분자들과 인산화 분자들에서 유의한 단백질 발현의 증가는 운동군에서 있었으며, 전자파 노출 및 운동군에서는 이들 분자들의 발현이 통계적으로 유의한 수준으로 현저히 감소하였다. 따라서, 본 연구는 기억을 담당하는 해마에서 운동에 의해 신경가소성이 증가할 수 있지만, 전자파에 노출되면 기억 및 인지기능이 영향을 받을 수 있어 전자파가 실제 세포수준에서 기억력에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 보였다. 앞으로 전자파가 치매에 미치는 임상적 영향에 대한 연구를 진행한다면 흥미 있는 결과를 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

요추 후지내측지에 대한 고주파열응고술의 단기 성적과 예후 인자 (Short Term Outcomes and Prognostic Factors Based on Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation on Lumbar Medial Branches)

  • 최병인;권태동;박경배;이윤우
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
    • /
    • 제20권2호
    • /
    • pp.116-122
    • /
    • 2007
  • Background: Lumbar zygapophysial joints are a common source of chronic lower back pain and radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RF) of the medial branches (MB) has been shown to be effective at providing substantial pain relief for chronic low back pain. Therefore, we carried out this study to determine the short term outcomes and prognostic factors of RF on the MB of patients with lumbar facet syndrome. Methods: We performed RF in fourteen patients who showed greater than 80% pain relief up to three times after a diagnostic MB block was conducted using 0.3 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine. Using 10 cm curved electrodes with 10-mm active tip, a 60 second, $80^{\circ}C$ lesion was made after electrical stimulation at 50 Hz for sensory and 2 Hz for motor nerve testing. The degree of pain relief was then assessed after 2 weeks, and again after 3 months using a visual analog scale (VAS) and a four point Likert scale. The outcome was regarded as 'success' if at least a 50% reduction in the VAS was observed. Possible prognostic factors between the two groups were also evaluated Results: The success rate was 71.4% (10/14) after three months of follow-up. However, there were transient complications, such as neuritis like syndrome, in 4 patients. In addition, short symptom duration and low minimal voltage (< 0.4 V) for sensory stimulation were shown to be the relevant prognostic factors for a successful outcome. Conclusions: RF may be an alternative to repeated MB block or intraarticular injection for palliation of lumbar facet syndrome. For better outcomes, early diagnosis and strict patient selection should be coupled with efforts to avoid anatomically incorrect RF.