• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1050-1060
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• 1996

Recently, attention has been paid to the flame diagnostic by noncontact methods which dose not deform the flame shape. One of them is a method which is using the radical luminous intensity. Generally, this diagnostic method using radical luminous has been investigated its reliability by applying to laminar flame. This study, however, investigated each radical luminous signals through stocastical analysis like auto-correlation, cross-correlation, phase and coherence which were acquired from measuring radical luminous intensity of OH, CH, $O_{2}$, radicals in turbulent diffusion flame. To compare radical luminous intensity in flame with temperature, ion current and concentration , radious distribution of each properties was investigated and considered. In radical luminous intensity, correlation in the reaction zone of flame was higher than in correlation in combusted gas zone. And radious distribution of radical luminous intensity was corresponded with radious distribution of temperature, ion current and concentration. The result of the study confirms that a radical luminous flame diagnosis is possible in the turbulent diffusion flame.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.2326-2336
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• 1996

So most practical combustor is considered to the swirl flame, it is very important to examinate swirl flame structure and combustion characteristics. Recently, attention has been paid to the flame diagnostic by radical luminous intensity. For swirl flame structure and combustion characteristic, reverse flow boundary, temperature, ion current and radical luminous intensity were measured in the double-coaxial swirl combustor which was used principle of multi-annular combustor. This study had three experimental condition, S-type, C-type, SC-type. S-type and C-type flames were formed recirculation zone, but SC-type flame wasn't formed. C-type flame had two recirculation zone. The position with maximum value of ion current and CH-radical, temperature and OH-radical had similarity distribution almost. Therefore, it is possible that the macro structure of flame was measured by radical luminous intensity in the high intensity of turbulent combustion field which was formed by swirl.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1064-1071
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• 1994

There are three active radicals which become to the scale of flame diagnostics at the flame front. They are OH, CH and $C_2$ radical. For this, optical measurement system which could monitor simultaneously the luminous waves of three radicals, was constructed. These were analyzed statistically into the cross correlation, coherence and phase. Through such an statistical treatment, combustion characteristics was investigated at the primary zone of gas turbine combustor. The local equivalence ratio was predicted with the ratio of luminuous intensity between CH and $C_2$ radical. This result was matched up to the equivalence ratio calculated from gas composition within 5% error. In general, equivalence ratio was said to be 1.0 at flame front, but it could be increased up to about 1.2 depending on the degree of swirl intensity in case of changing properly the air amount of primary zone.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2005

의학의 발달과 더불어 종양에 대한 국소치료는 광범위근치술(extended radical surgery) 로부터 기능보존술(function preserving surgery)로 발달하고 이것은 다시 최소침습술(minimal-invasive surgery)로 발전하여 왔다. 그러나 최근 들어서는 기술의 혁신적인 진보로 비침습적수술법(non-invasive surgery)이 개발되어 감마나이프(gamma knife), 사이버나이프(cyber knife), 및 하이푸나이프(HIFU knife) 등이 출현하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 이들 중 하이푸나이프를 이용한 체외강력집속초음파치료(extracorporeal high intensity focused ultrasound therapy)에 대하여 발달사, 치료기 구조 및 치료과정, 조직학적 변화와 기전, 임상적용, 장단점 및 전망 등을 살펴보고자 한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.400-408
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was done to identify frequency, intensity of urinary dysfunction and daily life distress in women after a radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. Methods: One hundred and fifty seven women who had undergone a radical hysterectomy and one hundred and sixty five women as healthy controls completed questionnaires on intensity of urinary dysfunction and daily life distress caused by urinary dysfunction. Results: Women with cervical cancer showed higher frequency of urinary dysfunction than healthy controls. Major urinary dysfunction for women with cervical cancer in order of frequency were night-time incontinence (odds ratio=10.39, p<.001), difficulty in starting urination, weak urine stream and sense of incomplete emptying of bladder. The highest score on intensity was difficulty in starting urination, followed by urgency, weak urine stream, daytime frequency and sense of incomplete emptying. Night-time incontinence was the urinary symptom causing the most daily life distress for cervical cancer women followed by difficulty in starting urination, urgency, sense of incomplete emptying, and night-time frequency. Conclusion: Results suggest that nurses should address the potential postoperative urinary complications and develop long term interventions to decrease urinary dysfunction and daily life distress for women who have had a radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.39-42
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• 2000

When ordinary sugar is exposed to ionizing radiation, a number of free radical are created in sugar, and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) signal appears from the sugar because of the paramagnetic property of free radical. In this paper, EPR signal intensity has been measured in x-ray irradiated sugar for various absorbed doses, irradiated dose up to 50 Gy. The EPR intensity signals are increased as the x-ray irradiation increases. Also, the fading value decreased to about 3% in 30day after the irradiation. Therefore, the sugar is a useful material for emergency dosimeter as the free radical dosimetry with the EPR equipment.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.353-356
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• 1994

The $CN(B^2{\Sigma}^+)$ radical was produced in a jet using an electric dc discharge of the precursor $CH_3CN$ with inert carrier gases. The rotationally resolved Fourier transform emission spectra of the 0-0 band of the $(B^2{\Sigma}^+{\to}X^2{\Sigma}^+)$ transition of CN have exhibited different distribution of the intensity for the carrier gases He and Ar, respectively. From the analysis of intensity distribution in the spectra, the mechanism for rotational cooling process of CN radical in a supersonic expansion has been suggested.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1999

We constructed a wire-cylinder type pulsed corona discharge system for $NO_x$ removal, which was operated in room temperature. A emission spectrometer was built with a boxcar averager and monochrometer equipped with photo-multiplier tube detector. The sensitivity of the emission spectrometer was greatly improved by synchronizing the emission spectrometer with pulsed corona discharge system using a triggered spark-gap switch. $N_2$ spectrum($c^3{\Pi}_u{\rightarrow}X^1{\Sigma}_g{^+}$) was measured in the range of 300 - 450 nm and oxidizing OH radical emission($A^2{\Sigma}^+{\rightarrow}X^2{\Pi}$) was measured in case $N_2$ was supplied with water bubbling. As wet gas composition of inlet $N_2$ supplied in the discharge system increased, the intensity of OH emission was increased and saturated at wet gas composition 50%. We also investigated additive effect of $C_2H_4,\;H_2O,\;H_2O_2$ on the intensity of OR emission and $NO/NO_2/NO_x$ reduction and analysed the related reaction mechanism in corona discharge process. $H_2O_2$ additive increased the intensity of OH emission and $NO/NO_x$ reduction.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.143-148
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• 2001

We measured emission indices for $NO_x$, CO, temperature and radical characteristics for partially premixied flames formed by suction & blow fans air condition. At sufficiently high levels of partial premixing a double flame structure consisting of a rich premixed inner flame and outer diffusion flame was established similar to that previously observed in premixed flames. $NO_x$, Temperature, CO values were experimented with approximately constant air flow rate and decreasing equivalence ratios. The reduction in $NO_x$ and temperature at suction condition as compared with that for blow condition was approximately 20%, but on the contrary, CO emission was increased. In addition, We measured temperature distributions and found that temperature increased continuously with increasing partial premixing. We also estimated CH, $C_2$ radical intensity. CH and $C_2$ radicals provide evidence that, for the present measurement, CH and $C_2$ radicals intensity was associsated with their premixed component. And we observed stronger $C_2$, CH radicals intensity at suction conditions than blow conditions.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2002

We measured emission indices for $NO_x$, CO, temperature and radical characteristics for partially premixied flames formed by suction & blow fans air condition. At sufficiently high levels of partial premixing a double flame structure consisting of a rich premixed inner flame and outer diffusion flame was established similar to that previously observed in premixed flames. $NO_x$, Temperature. CO concentration were experimented with approximately constant air flow rate and decreasing equivalence ratios. The reduction in $NO_x$, and temperature at suction condition as compared with that for blow condition was approximately 20%, but on the contrary, CO emission was increased. In addition, We measured temperature distributions and found that temperature increased continuously with increasing partial premixing. We also estimated CH, $C_2$ radical intensity. CH and $C_2$ radicals provide evidence that, for the present measurement, CH and $C_2$ radicals intensity was associsated with their premixed component. And we observed stronger $C_2$, CH radicals intensity at suction conditions than blow conditions.