• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1392-1397
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• 2016

Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from the plant Curcuma longa, which is used for the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study was undertaken to determine the protective effect of curcumin against naproxen-induced gastric antral ulcerations in rats. Different doses (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) of curcumin or vehicle (curcumin, 0 mg/kg) were pretreated for 3 days by oral gavage, and then gastric mucosal lesions were caused by 80 mg/kg naproxen applied for 3 days. Curcumin significantly inhibited the naproxen-induced gastric antral ulcer area and lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, curcumin markedly increased activities of radical scavenging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, 100 mg/kg curcumin completely protected the gastric mucosa against the loss in the enzyme, resulting in a drastic increase of activities of radical scavenging enzymes up to more than the level of untreated normal rats. Histological examination obviously showed that curcumin prevents naproxen-induced gastric antral ulceration as a result of direct protection of the gastric mucosa. These results suggest that curcumin blocks naproxen-induced gastric antral ulcerations through prevention of lipid peroxidation and activation of radical scavenging enzymes, and it may offer a potential remedy of gastric antral ulcerations.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.165-174
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• 2003

Cr (Ⅵ) - containing compounds are well-established carcinogens, although the mechanism for chromium - induced carcinogenesis is still not well understood. The reduction of Cr (Ⅵ) to its lower oxidation states, par ticularly Cr (V) and Cr (IV), is an important step for the production of chromium-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS). The persistent oxidative stress during the reduction process may play a key role in the mechanism of Cr (Ⅵ) -induced carcinogenesis. This paper summarizes recent studies on (1) the reduction of Cr (Ⅵ) to Cr (III) occur by a multiplicity of mechanisms depending on the nature of reducing agents including ascorbate, diol-and thiol-containing molecules, certain flavoenzymes, cell organelles, intact cells, and whole animals; (2) free-radical production with emphasis on hydroxy radical generation via Fenton or Haber-Weiss type reactions; and (3) free radical - induced cellular damage, such at DNA strand breaks, hydroxylation of 2'-deoxyguanosine, and activation of nuclear transcription factor kB.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2004

The atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of hexadecyl acrylate (HDA) was carried out in Ν,Ν-dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of CuSCN/Ν,Ν,Ν′,Ν"Ν"-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA). The results indicate that the polymerization is well-controlled: a linear increase of molecular weights occurs with respect to conversion and the polydispersities are relatively low. In particular, the use of CuSCN as the catalyst resulted in faster polymerization rates for hexadecyl acrylate than did those using either CuBr or CuCl; the polydis-persity, however, was larger than those obtained in the cases when CuBr and CuCl were used. In addition, we report the thermodynamic data and activation parameters for the solution ATRP of hexadecyl acrylate.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1201-1208
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• 2017

Oxidative degradation of chlorinated ethenes was carried out using heat-activated persulfate. The activation rate of persulfate was dependent on the temperature and the activation reaction rate could be explained based on the Arrhenius equation. The activation energy of persulfate was 19.3 kcal/mol under the assumption that the reaction between the sulfate radical and tricholoroethene (TCE) is very fast. Activation could be achieved at a moderate temperature, so that the adverse effects due to high temperature in the soil environment were mitigated. The reaction rate of TCE was directly proportional to the concentration of persulfate, indicating that the remediation rate can be controlled by the concentration of the injected persulfate. The solution was acidized after the oxidation, and this was dependent on the oxidation temperature. The consumption rate of persulfate was high in the presence of the target organic, but the self-decomposition rate became very low as the target was completely removed.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2009

Photodynamic therapy(PDT) is a treatment utilizing the generation of singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species(ROS), which selectively accumulate in target cells. The aim of present work is to investigate the photodynamic therapy mechanism of 9-HpbD-a-mediated PDT in HeLa cell lines. We studied the general reactive oxygen species(G-ROS) activation after 9-HpbD-a PDT using fluorescence stain with $H_2DCF-DA$. G-ROS activation observed after 9-HpbD-a PDT and higher activation condition was 1 hour after PDT at 0.5 ${\mu}g/ml$ 9-HpbD-a concentration. Sodium azide and reduced glutathione(the singlet oxygen quencher) could protect HeLa cells from cell death induced by 9-HpbD-a PDT. But D-mannitol(the hydroxyl radical scavenger) could not protect cell death. Singlet oxygen played a decisive role in 9-HpbD-a PDT induced HeLa cell death. Type II reaction was the main type of ROS formation at 9-HpbD-a PDT.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.259-269
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• 2012

This study was performed to determined the antioxidant activities, anticancer and immuno-activities of anthocyanin fraction from Rubus coreanus Miquel fruits (Bokbunja). Anthocyanin fraction extracted from Bokbunja revealed the presence of three anthocyanin components, which were tentatively identified as cyanidin 3-O-sambubioside, cyanidin 3-O-xylosylrutinoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside using RP-HPLC/DAD/MS. The anthocyanin fraction from Bokbunja always showed reducing power and high scavenging activities against DPPH, hydroxy radical (OH) and superoxide anion radical ($O_2{^-}$) similar to general synthetic antioxidant and polyphenol compounds from plant origin. Anthocyanin fraction from Bokbunja showed high inhibition on proliferation of LNCaP and A549 cells and did not inhibit the proliferation of other cancer cells. Immuno-activities of Anthocyanin fraction from Bokbunja were investigated, it showed high promotion of human B and T cells growth about 50% and secretion of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ by treatment after 6 days. Over all, the result of the study suggest that anthocyanin fraction from Bokbunja displays antioxidant activity comparable to that general synthetic antioxidant, also, anthocyanin fraction from Bokbunja are expected to be good candidate for development into source of anticaner and immuno-activator agent in food industry.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was perfomed to investigate the antioxidant activity and serotonin activity of Gami-guibi-tang on P815 Mast Cell. Methods: The effects of Gami-guibi-tang on activation of TPH-1 mRNA and AAADC mRNA in P815 mast cell were investigated. The effect of Gami-guibi-tang on content of serotonin in P815 mast cell was investigated. The effects of Gami-guibi-tang on activation of DPPH radical scavenging and SOD in P815 mast cell were investigated. Results: 1. The Gami-guibi-tang increased SOD activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity. 2. The Gami-guibi-tang increased the intracellular concentration of serotoninin 60 ${\mu}g/ml$, 80 ${\mu}g/ml$ experiment group. 3. The Gami-guibi-tang increased menaingful the manifestation TPH mRNA. 4. The manifestation of AAADC and MAO mRNA have not made menaingful changes on Gami-guibi-tang. Conclusions: This experiment shows that Gami-guibi-tang had significant anti-oxidative effect. And Gami-guibi-tang increased the intracellular concentration of serotonin. Therefore, Gami-guibi-tang can be used by the medication of major depression disorder. But Study on mechanism of increased serotonin and clinical research of Gami-guibi-tang is suggested for future research.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2010

Vitex rotundifolia (V. rotundifolia) has been used for treating headache, dizziness, toothache and removal of fever as a traditional medicine in Korea. In the present study, we examined the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of 85% methanol extract of V. rotundifolia. In various radical scavenging assays, V. rotundifolia exhibited strong scavenging effect on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical, superoxide radical, nitric oxide. To elucidate the anti-inflammatory properties of V. rotundifolia, we investigated the inhibition effects of nitric oxide production in IFN-gamma and LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. V. rotundifolia suppressed nitric oxide production, iNOS and COX-2 expression dose-dependently through suppression of NF-$\hat{e}B$ activation without notable cytotoxicity. These findings mean that V. rotundifolia may be beneficial in oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory disorders.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 2012

Trifoliate orange seed extracts (TSEs) were made using either distilled water (TW), ethanol (TE), or n-hexane (TH), to measure total polyphenol contents, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and anti-complementary activity. The results showed that the total polyphenol content showed higher value at TE (235.24 ${\mu}g/mL$, p<0.05) than those of TW (132.65 ${\mu}g/mL$) and TH (165.44 ${\mu}g/mL$) at 10 mg/mL and TE exerted the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (61.77%, p<0.05), which occurred in the following order: TE TW (56.87%)>TH (39.78%). The results of ABTS radical scavenging activity showed that TW (34.26%) and TE (31.81%) showed similar activities, which were higher than TH (12.74%, p<0.05). Anti-complementary activity of TE (61% at 500 ${\mu}g/mL$) showed a higher activity when compared with the positive control (60% at 1,000 ${\mu}g/mL$) polysaccharide-K (PSK), a known immuno-active polysaccharide from Coriolus versicolor. Consequently, among TSEs, TE is a byproduct from trifoliate orange and could be an important source of dietary polyphenolic antioxidant compounds and immunopotentiating activity, including complement activation.

• Korean Journal of Korean Medical Institute of Dermatology and Aesthetics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-90
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• 2005

Purpose: Contents of astragaloside I, II and IV, cytotoxicity, anticancer activity, immunomodulatory activity and antioxidant capacity were to be compared as a function of the cultivated years as one, three, five and seven years. Method: Major components of Astragali membranacei Radix were separated as astragaloside I, astragaloside II, astragaloside IV by HPLC analysis. Cytotoxicity and anticancer activities were measured by MTT and SRB assay. For immunomodulatory activity, the secretion of IL -6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$, NK cell activation and macrophage activation were observed as well as kinetics of responding to human T cells by a microphysiometer. In vitro antioxidant activities were measured by several radical scavenging activities of superoxide anion radican, DPPH, LDL and linoleic acid. For in vivo activity, the activation of SOD, GSH-px, catalase, ALDH and ADH was measured as well the relative weight of liver. Result : 1. For HPLC analysis, the contents of all of astragaloside I, astragaloside II, astragaloside IV were in order of three, five, one and seven years. 2. The cytotoxicity of normal human lung cell line, HEL299 showed lower than 18% in adding 0.25 mg/ml, and 28.9% in adding 1.0 mg/ml of water extract of seven year root. For methanol extracts, three year root showed highest cytotoxicity as 35.2 % and there was no difference between the cultivated years. 3. For anticancer activities, methanol extracts of one and three year roots showed relatively high inhibition of human stomach cancer cells, AGS, breast cancer cells, MCF-7, lung cancer cells, A549 and liver cancer cell, Hep3B as well as high selectivities. 4. The water extract of seven year root could yield high secretion of IL-6 from both human Band T cells while the methanol extracts of three and five year roots secreted high amounts of IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ from both Band T cells. 5. As a result of in vitro antioxidant activities, both water and methanol extracts from five and seven year roots showed high activities for superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, inhibiting linoleic acid peroxide and contents of total phenols. 6. For in vivo tests, Mn-SOD and GSH-px activities and weight of liver were better in adding seven year root. For ALDH activity one year root was better and for ADH activity five year root. Overall speaking, seven year root showed relatively better antioxidant activities. Conclusion:There was difference of the contents of astragaloside I, astragaloside II, astragaloside IV according to cultivation year. Methanol extract showed better activities of anticancer and immune activation rather than water extract Interestingly enough, for methanol extracts, overall activities were improved as the cultivation year increased. There might be further investigation required for the clinical uses of the results as several biological activities varied according to the cultivated year of Astragali membranacei Radix.