• Title/Summary/Keyword: Radiation pathology

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Evaluation of apoptosis after ionizing radiation in feeding and starving rats

  • Lee, Jae-Hyun;Cho, Kyung-Ja;Hong, Seok-Il;Park, Min-Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.37-46
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    • 1998
  • It has been known that $\gamma$-irradiation usually induces cell death in regenerating stem cell in normal tissues like skin, intestine and hematopoietic organ. The experiment were carried out to evaluate the early response of radiation injury in radiosensitive and intermediate radiosensitive tissues in feeding and starving rats with the doses of 3.5 and 7.0 Gy. The results of the study showed that the histological phenomenon was apoptosis in the doses of the radiation as the early response of tissue injury. Apoptosis were showed organ-specific and cellular specific responses suggesting that the selection of apoptosis be exactly focused on highly renewal organs and cells. It was interesting that the rats starved for 72 hours prior to irradiation induced less apoptosis in liver than fed rats. As for cellular responses it appeared that apoptotic cells were mostly distributed in ductal or periportal cells in liver of feeding rats unlikely in liver of Starving rots which showed no difference in zonal distribution. In salivary gland apoptotic cells in fed rats were highly induced in intercalating and ductal cell population than in acinar cell population although unlikely in starved rats. This study showed the value of apoptosis using the detection system of TUNEL for evaluating cellular damage after radiation injury and the diminished effect of starvation on cell damage after ionizing irradiation.

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Merkel cell carcinoma in the community setting: a case report

  • Callaghan, Cameron M.;Amornmarn, Rumpa
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.163-170
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    • 2018
  • Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor of the skin initially believed to arise from the Merkel cells. In the community setting a general radiation oncologist may only encounter this pathology in a handful of cases over the course of their career. Due to the low incidence of this malignancy, few prospective randomized controlled trials have ever been conducted and therefore guidelines are based on relatively lower levels of evidence upon which the clinical recommendations are made. We discuss the case of a female in her 90s presenting with a classic MCC primary lesion, as well as satellite lesions proximal to both the primary and the draining regional lymph nodes with no evidence of nodal involvement. Here we discuss the presentation, management, treatment planning, underlying pathology, results and sequelae of treatment. We also review new treatment modalities, and the most current staging systems and guidelines.

The Effect of Total Radiation Dose on Normal Spinal Cord of Hybrid Mice -Early Pathological Changes- (총 방사선 조사량이 잡종 백색 마우스의 정상 척수에 미치는 영향)

  • Shon, Sung-Won;Kim, Myung-Se;Choi, Won-Hee
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.107-113
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    • 1986
  • Radiation myelitis is a rather rare, but irreversible fatal complication. Etiology, pathologic change, clinical symptoms and the method of diagnosis have been studied with animal experiments and human necropsies. In spite of massive studies, pathogenesis of post-irradiation myelitis and the level of tolerance dose still remain controversial. Thoracolumbar spine of 110 hybrid mice were irradiated with orthovoltage x-ray machine. Mild capillary congestion and axonal swelling were observed in 1,000 rad irradiated specimens. Focal necrosis in 3,500 rad specimens, fragmentation of neural tissue in 4,000 rad specimens were also observed. These results suggest that 5,000 rad is not a completely safe tolerable dose which have been accepted and we cannot exclude direct radiation damage to news tissue as the causative pathology of radiation myelitis in addition to blood vessel damage.

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Value of imaging study in predicting pelvic lymph node metastases of uterine cervical cancer

  • Jung, Wonguen;Park, Kyung Ran;Lee, Kyung-Ja;Kim, Kyubo;Lee, Jihae;Jeong, Songmi;Kim, Yi-Jun;Kim, Jiyoung;Yoon, Hai-Jeon;Kang, Byung-Chul;Koo, Hae Soo;Sung, Sun Hee;Cho, Min-Sun;Park, Sanghui
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.340-348
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in predicting pelvic lymph node (LN) metastases in patients with cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: From January 2009 to March 2015, 114 patients with FIGO stage IA1-IIB uterine cervical cancer who underwent hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy and took CT, MRI, and PET/CT before surgery were enrolled in this study. The criteria for LN metastases were a LN diameter ${\geq}1.0cm$ and/or the presence of central necrosis on CT, a LN diameter ${\geq}1.0cm$ on MRI, and a focally increased FDG uptake on PET/CT. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy for pelvic LN metastases were estimated. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy for detection of pelvic LN metastases were 51.4%, 85.9%, 41.3%, 90.1%, and 80.3% for CT; 24.3%, 96.3%, 56.3%, 86.8%, and 84.6% for MRI; and 48.6%, 89.5%, 47.4%, 90.0%, and 82.9% for PET/CT, respectively. The sensitivity of PET/CT and CT was higher than that of MRI (p=0.004 and p= 0.013, respectively). The specificity of MRI was higher than those of PET/CT and CT (p=0.002 and p=0.001, respectively). The difference of specificity between PET/CT and CT was not statistically significant (p=0.167). Conclusion: These results indicate that preoperative CT, MRI, and PET/CT showed low to moderate sensitivity and PPV, and moderate to high specificity, NPV, and accuracy. More efforts are necessary to improve sensitivity of imaging modalities in order to predict pelvic LN metastases.

Study on therapeutic application of toxicity of Uranylnitrate in rats (천연 우라늄 독성에 관한 치료 연구)

  • Ryu, Yong-Wun;Lee, Jhin-Oh;Yun, Taik-Koo
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.9-18
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    • 1987
  • The present study has determined BUN, createinine, c-AMP and $PGE_2$ activities as a clinical signs of radiation toxicity caused by uranylnitrate in rats. The significant increasing of $PGE_2$ concentration in plasma between the administration of uranylnitrate and lead nitrate were shown radiotoxic in nature on the effect of radiation energy. The reduction of PGE activities in plasma in uranylnitrate treated rats after furosemide, aldosterone and glucagone I.P. administration have observed the stimulating effect of uranium excretion into cells.

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Study on Radioprotective Effects of Kamisagoonjatang, Kamijihwangtang and Kamigoonjajihwangtang (가미지황탕(加味地黃湯), 가미사군자탕(加味四君子湯) 및 가미군자지황탕(加味君子地黃湯)의 방사선(放射線) 부작용(副作用) 감소효과(減少效果))

  • Kim, Dong-hee;Choi, Bong-gun;Jo, Mun-jun;Kim, Sung-hoon
    • Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.115-129
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    • 1999
  • To evaluate radioprotective effects of Kamisagoonjatang(KST), Kamijihwangtang (KJT) and Kamigoonjajihwangtang(KKJT), studies were done experimentally. The results were obtained as follows: 1. By FACS analysis after exposure to radiation by Liniac, T cell and T-helper cell were significantly increased in KST treated group and also B cell and macrophage in KJT treated group while splenocytes were significantly decreased in control group. 2. WBC, PLT were significantly increased in KKJT treated group as compared with control group after exposure to radiation by Liniac. 3. In histological changes of jejunum of $BALB{\backslash}C$ mice after after exposure to radiation by Liniac, exclusion and fusion of villi were decreased in all groups as compared with control group. 4. In the observation of morphological changes by SEM and TEM after radiation by Liniac, KKJT, KJT and KST inhibited demage of internal structures such as mitochondria, ESR and golgi of jejunum cells in order as compared with control group. From above results it was concluded that KJT, KST and KKJT could be usefully applied for protection from damage by radiotherapy to cancer.

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