• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.15 no.spc1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2000

We have reviewed the magnetic activity in close binaries. Solar like magnetic activity indicators such as photometric spots, chromo spheric emission, coronal X-ray and radio emission, and flare activity are commonplace in many cool stars with convective envelopes. Using the UV spectra we confirmed the strength of stellar activity increases with more rapid rotation and later spectral types which corresponds to the increasing depth of the star's convective envelope. Apart from very young stellar objects such as T Tauri stars, the stars with the highest levels of activity are close binary systems composed of cool stars, i.e., the chromospherically active binaries such as RS CVn, BY Dra, W UMa and related systems. The IUE low and high dispersion spectra of V711 Tau, VW Cep and SW Lac are used for ultraviolet photometry and for a variation study of chromospheric activity. Evidence of chromospherically activity is indicated by the intensity variation of the Mg II emission line with orbital phase.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.339-347
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• 2011

Flour and isolated starch from chickpea (desi type, 328S-8) were evaluated for their in vitro digestibility and physicochemical properties. The protein content, total starch content and apparent amylose content of chickpea flour and isolated starch were 22.2% and 0.6%, 45.8% and 91.5%, and 11.7% and 35.4%, respectively. Chickpea starch granules had an oval to round shape with a smooth surface. The X-ray diffraction pattern of chickpea starch was of the C-type and relative crystallinity was 24.6%. Chickpea starch had only a single endothermic transition (13.3 J/g) in the DSC thermogram, whereas chickpea flour showed two separate endothermic transitions corresponding to starch gelatinization (5.1 J/g) and disruption of the amylose-lipid complex (0.7 J/g). The chickpea flour had a significantly lower pasting viscosity without breakdown due to low starch content and interference of other components. The chickpea starch exhibited significant high setback in the viscogram. The average branch chain length, proportion of short branch chain (DP 6~12), and long branch chains (DP${\geq}$37) of isolated chickpea starch were 20.1, 20.9% and 9.2%, respectively. The rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) contents of chickpea flour and starch were 9.9% and 21.5%, 28.7% and 57.7%, and 7.1% and 9.3%, respectively. The expected glycemic index (eGI) of chickpea flour (39.5), based on the hydrolysis index, was substantially lower than that of isolated chickpea starch (69.2).

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.504-509
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• 2008

Three G-protein-linked acetylcholine receptors (GARs) exist in the nematode C. elegans. GAR-3 is pharmacologically most similar to mammalian muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). We observed that carbachol stimulated ERK1/2 activation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing GAR-3b, the predominant alternatively spliced isoform of GAR-3. This effect was substantially reduced by the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122 and the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X, implying that PLC and PKC are involved in this process. On the other hand, GAR-3b-mediated ERK1/2 activation was inhibited by treatment with forskolin, an adenylate cyclase (AC) activator. This inhibitory effect was blocked by H89, an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). These results suggest that GAR-3b-mediated ERK1/2 activation is negatively regulated by cAMP through PKA. Together our data show that GAR-3b mediates ERK1/2 activation in CHO cells and that GAR-3b can couple to both stimulatory and inhibitory pathways to modulate ERK1/2.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.358-363
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• 2017

In this study, we present a detailed investigation of luminescence properties of a blue light-emitting diode using InGaN/GaN (indium component is 17.43%) multiple quantum wells as the active region grown on patterned sapphire substrate by low-pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). High-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman scattering (RS) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements are employed to study the crystal quality, the threading dislocation density, surface morphology, residual strain existing in the active region and optical properties. We conclude that the crystalline quality and surface morphology can be greatly improved, the red-shift of peak wavelength is eliminated and the superior blue light LED can be obtained because the residual strain that existed in the active region can be relaxed when the LED is grown on patterned sapphire substrate (PSS). We discuss the mechanisms of growing on PSS to enhance the superior luminescence properties of blue light LED from the viewpoint of residual strain in the active region.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 2014

Large spaceborne antennas should be lightweight, a factor related to the development costs of launch vehicles. In order to overcome this drawback, a feasibility study of a new carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) named M55J/RS3 is carried out for a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) reflector antenna. In particular, the high resolution of detected images is taken into consideration. To validate the electrical performance, a test of the CFRP specimen is fabricated, and the transmission/reflection coefficients are measured using a standard X-band waveguide. Finally, the effective complex permittivity and effective electrical conductivity are derived from the obtained measured data. By applying the derived conductivity to the simulation of the radiation pattern, antenna gain, and beamwidth-instead of relying on the assumption of a perfect electric conductor-variations in electrical performance are also investigated and discussed.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.05
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• pp.179-183
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• 1996

Most of the conventional electrocardiogaphies fail to detect signals other than P-QRS-T due to the limited SNR and bandwidth. High-resolution electrocardiography (HRECG) provides better SNR and wider bandwidth for the detection of micro-potentials with higher frequency components such as ventricual late potentials(LP). In this paper, we developed a HRECG using uncorrected XYZ lead. The overall gain of the amplifier is 4000 and the bandwidth is $0.5{\sim}300Hz$ without using 60Hz notch filter. Three 16-bit AH converters sample X, Y, and Z signals simultaneously with a sampling frequency of 2000Hz. Sampled data are transmitted to PC via a DMA-controlled serial communication channel using RS-485 and HDLC protocol. The noise level of the developed HRECG is less than $5{\mu}V_{rms,\;RTI}$. In order to further reduce the noise level, signal averaging technique is implemented utilizing template matching method. The SNR of the developed HRECG is high enough for the detection of LP.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

The artificial intelligence of robot is the weakness of digital intelligence of a person who able to train, self-realize and to develop competences, creative, professional and behavioral skills. A new methodology proposed for managing robots inside the mines using an electronic system designed for driving robots to injured people in seas, mines or wells who can not be reached by human force. This paper also explains the concept of managing and remote-controlling the process of searching and helping the injured. The user controls the robot through an application that receives all the reports that the robot sends from the injured person. The robot's tasks are to take a sample of the blood of the injured person, examine it, and measure the percentage of oxygen underground and send it to the user who directs the robot to pump a specific percentage of oxygen to the injured person. The user can also communicate with the person The patient and determine his condition through the camera connected to the robot equipped with headphones to communicate with the injured and the user can direct the camera of the robot and take x-rays from the injured.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.230-235
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• 2003

Purpose : Lower respiratory tract infections in infant and young children are often due to a virus, especially the Respiratory syncytial(RS) virus. Chest X-ray findings in bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia are different. The radiographic hallmark of bronchiolitis is pulmonary hyperinflation and similar to that of bronchial asthma. Bronchiolitis is predisposed to later development of bronchial asthma. To evaluate the difference of immuno-pathophysiology between bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia, we measured $IFN-{\gamma}$(Th1 cytokine), IL-5(Th2 cytokine) and ECP. We also investigated whether X-ray findings in infants with viral infected respiratory disease are useful in predicting the development of asthma. Methods : We measured IL-5, ECP, $IFN-{\gamma}$ levels in serum from 21 infants with bronchiolitis and 21 infants with bronchopneumonia and 16 infants without pulmonary viral diseases. Results : IL-5 levels of bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia were significantly higher than those of the control(P=0.02, P=0.042). IL-5 levels of bronchiolitis were higher than those of bronchopneumonia but there was no significant difference. $IFN-{\gamma}$ levels of bronchopneumonia were higher than those of bronchiolitis but there was no significant difference. ECP levels of bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia were higher than those of the control but only those of bronchiolitis were significantly higher than those of the control(P=0.045). IL-5 and ECP levels did not show any significant correlation in bronchiolitis, bronchopneumonia and control groups. Conclusion : We cannot prove the distinct differences in serum Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles between bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia in infants. These results suggest that the different findings on chest X-ray between bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia could not be a predictor of later development of asthma.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2020

The effects of heat-moisture treatment (HMT) on the functional properties of high amylose rice starches (HARSes) purified from Korean rice varieties (A-type Goami and Singil and B-type Dodamssal and Goami2) were investigated. HMT was accomplished with moisture contents of 18 and 27% and heated at 100℃ for 16 h. While the amylose content, swelling power and solubility decreased after HMT, the water binding capacity and resistant starch (RS) content increased with increasing moisture content after HMT. The X-ray diffraction patterns of all HARSes did not change after HMT, but a decrease in the intensity of peak at 2θ=5° was observed in B-type HMT HARSes. While the starch granules aggregated after HMT, their shape and size remained unchanged. B-type HARSes exhibited higher gelatinization temperatures and lower pasting viscosities than A-type HARSes following HMT. The results, thus, suggest that while the crystalline intensity of B-type Dodamssal and Goami2 rice starches did not change after HMT, the RS content, water binding capacity, and pasting temperatures of all HARSes increased with increasing moisture content after HMT.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 1996

Intracellular calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) may play a crucial role in a variety of neuronal functions. Here we report that in primary culture of mouse cerebellar granule cells nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed in a specific developmental stage and involved in the regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Nicotine-mediated calcium responses were measured using $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ or fluorometrically using the calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2. Maximal uptake of $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ evoked by nicotine in mouse cerebellar granule cells were revealed $8{\sim}12$ days in culture. In contrast, nicotine did not alter the basal $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake in cultured glial cells. In cerebellar granule cells nicotine-evoked $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake was largely blocked by the NMDA receptor antagonists. Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT). which removes endogenous glutamate, also prevented nicotine effects, implying the indirect involvement of glutamate in nicotine-mediated calcium responses. Fluorometric studies using fura-2 showed two phases of nicotine-evoked $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ rises: the initial rising phase and the later plateau phase. Interestingly, the NMDA receptor antagonists and GPT appeared to inhibit only the later plateau phase of nicotine-evoked $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ rises. The present results imply that nicotine mediated $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake and $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ rises are attributed to the calcium fluxes through both nAchRs and NMDA receptors in a time-dependent manner. Consequently, nAChRs may play an important role in neuronal development by being expressed in a specific developmental stage and regulating the intracellular calcium homeostasis.