• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.356-367
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• 2023

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Dusokohwaeum (DOE). Methods: To measure the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of DOE, the total flavonoid and polyphenol contents and radical scavenging activity were measured. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide, and cytokine production were measured by treating lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells with DOE, and gene expression levels of inducible cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, and cytokines were evaluated. Results: Radical scavenging experiments revealed a significant concentration-dependent increase in scavenging capacity. The production of ROS, nitric oxide, and cytokines in the cells showed a significant concentration-dependent decrease when compared with the control group. The gene expression levels of inducible cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, and cytokines also showed a significant concentration-dependent decrease when compared with the control group. Conclusion: Interestingly, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of DOE were 23.42 ± 0.64 mg GAE/g and 20.83 ± 0.98 mg QE/g, respectively. The administration of DOE resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in scavenging ability in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging ability experiments. The production of intracellular ROS and nitric oxide was significantly reduced in the presence of DOE. The production of inflammatory cytokines (prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], and IL-6) was significantly reduced in the presence of DOE. Finally, the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly decreased in the presence of DOE.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2008

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the antioxidant effects among wild ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and ginseng extracts. Methods: In vitro antioxidant activities were examined by total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxygen radical scavenging capacity(ORAC), total phenolic content, 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, inhibition of induced lipid peroxidation using liver mitochondria, reactive oxygen species(ROS) scavenging effect using 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein(DCF) fluorescence. Results: 1. TAC of 1.5 and 3.75 mg extracts was highest in cultivated wild ginseng, followed by wild ginseng and lowest in ginseng. 2. ORAC of 2, 10, and $20{\mu}g$ extracts was highest in cultivated wild ginseng, followed by wild ginseng and lowest in ginseng. 3. Total phenolic content of 0.375, 0.938, and 1.875 mg extracts was highest in cultivated wild ginseng, followed by wild ginseng and lowest in ginseng. 4. DPPH(1, 1 -Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity between wild ginseng and cultivated wild ginseng did not differ significantly (p>0.05). 5. Induced lipid peroxidation, measured by TBARS concentration in solution containing rat liver mitochondria incubated in the presence of $FeSO_4$/ascorbic acid was inhibited as amounts of wild ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and ginseng extracts increased. TBARS concentration of ginseng extracts were significantly (p<0.05) higher than wild ginseng or cultivated wild ginseng extracts. 6. DCF fluorescence intensity was decreased as concentrations of wild ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and ginseng extracts increased, demonstrating that ROS generation was inhibited in a concentrationdependent manner. Conclusions: In summary, the results of this study demonstrate that cultivated wild ginseng extracts had similar antioxidant activities to wild ginseng extracts and greater that of cultivated ginseng extracts.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.4434-4442
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• 2011

활성 산소종은 반응성이 매우 크고 지질, 단백질 및 핵산에 산화를 유발하여 잠재적으로 세포에 매우 해로운 물질이다. 활성 산소종은 또한 인체에 있어서 노화, 발암, 죽상경화증 유발과 같은 해로운 영향을 준다고 알려졌다. 본 연구에서는 총산도, 초산, pH 및 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드의 함량 등을 분석하였고, 생물전환된 목초액의 항산화 활성을 조사하기 위하여 DPPH, 초과산화물 음이온, 과산화수소, 산화질소 라디칼 소거 활성을 측정하였다. 생물전환된 목초액의 총산도와 초산의 양은 생물전환 전보다 낮았지만, pH는 오히려 높게 나타났다. 생물전환된 목초액의 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드의 함량은 각각 11.17 mg/$m{\ell}$ 과 0.42 mg/$m{\ell}$였다. 생물전환된 목초액의 각종 라디칼을 50% 소거하는 농도는 초과산화물 라디칼 소거활성 < DPPH 라디칼 소거활성 < 과산화수소 라디칼 소거활성 < 산화질소 라디칼 소거활성 순으로 나타났다. 따라서 목초액을 생물전환할 경우 여러 가지 라디칼에 대한 소거활성을 높여 천연 의약품 및 화장품 소재로 개발 가능성이 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.189-200
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 종가시나무 잎 추출물의 항산화, 성분 분석 및 elastase 저해 효과에 관한 조사를 수행하였다. 추출물의 free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) 소거환성 $(FSC_{50})$은 50% 에탄을 추출물$(12.45{\mu}g/mL)$ < ethyl acetate 분획 (10.47) < 당을 제거시킨 플라보노이드 aglycone 분획 (8.57) 순으로 증가하였다. Luminol-의존성 화학발광법을 이용한 $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ 계에서 생성된 활성산소종(reactive oxygen species, ROS)에 대한 종가시나무 잎 추출물의 총항산화능은 50% 에탄올 추출물$(OSC_{50},\;4.2{\mu}g/mL)$ < aglycone 분획(1.58) < ethyl acetate 분획 (0.66) 순으로, ethyl acetate 분획에서 가장 큰 활성을 나타내었다. 종가시나무 잎 추출물에 대하여 rose-bengal로 증감된 사람적혈구의 광용혈에 대한 억제 효과를 측정하였다. 종가시나무 잎 추출물의 경우 농도 의존적$(1{\sim}50{\mu}g/mL)$으로 광용혈을 억제하였다. 특히 당을 제거시킨 aglycone 분획은 $50{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 ${\tau}_{50}$ 398.67 min으로 매우 큰 세포보호 효과를 나타내었다. 종가시나무 잎 추출물 중 ethyl acetate 분획의 당 제거 반응 후 얻어진 aglycone 분획은 TLC에서 2개의 띠고 분리되었으며, HPLC 실험 (360 nm)에서도 2개의 피이크로 분리되었다. 분리된 2가지 성분은 quercetin 및 kaempferol이었으며, 그들의 성분비는 각각 55.77%, 44.23%로 quercetin의 함량이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 종가시나무 잎 추출물의 ethyl acetate분획의 TLC 크로마토그램은 6개의 띠$(QG1{\sim}QG6)$로 분리되었고. QG 3는 isoquercitrin, QC 4는 hyperin, QG 6는 rutin으로 확인되었다. Aglycone 분획은 tyrosinase 저해활성 $(IC_{50})$이 $73.5{\mu}g/mL$이고, elastase 저해환성 $(IC_{50})$은 $16.2{\mu}g/mL$로 활성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과들은 종가시나무 잎 추출물이 $^1O_2$ 혹은 다른 ROS를 소광시키거나 소거함으로써 그리고 ROS에 대항하여 세포막을 보호함으로써 생체계, 특히 태양 자외선에 노출된 피부에서 항산화제로서 작용할 수 있음을 가리키며, 종가시나무 잎 성분 분석과 ethyl acetate 분획의 당 제거 실험 후 얻어진 aglycone분획의 tyrosinase, elastase 저해활성으로부터 기능성 화장품원료로서 응용 가능성이 있음을 시사한다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.303-314
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 잣나무 잎 추출물의 항균, 항산화 및 성분 분석에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 피부 상재균에 대한 항균활성 측정결과, Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Pityrosporum ovale (P.ovale) 및 Escherichia coli (E. coli)에 대한 ethyl acetate 분획의 MIC는 각각 0.06 %, 0.25 %, 0.13 %, 0.50 %로 나타났으며, P. acnes, P. ovale 및 S. aureus에서 큰 항균활성을 나타내었다. 잣나무 잎 추출물의 free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) 소거활성($FSC_{50}$)은 aglycone 분획에서 $22.93\;{\mu}g/mL$으로 나타났다. Luminol-의존성 화학발광법을 이용한 $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$계에서 생성된 활성산소종(reactive oxygen species, ROS)에 대한 잣나무 잎 추출물의 총 항산화능($OSC_{50}$)은 50 % ethanol extract 분획에서 $0.70\;{\mu}g/mL$, ethyl acetate 분획 및 aglycone 분획이 각각 1.04 및 $1.43\;{\mu}g/mL$으로 매우 큰 항산화능을 보였다. Rose-bengal로 증감된 사람 적혈구의 광용혈 실험에서 추출물의 세포보호 효과를 측정하였다. 잣나무 잎 추출물 분획들은 농도 의존적($5{\sim}50\;{\mu}g/mL$)으로 세포보호 효과를 나타내었다. 잣나무 잎 추출물의 가수분해로 얻은 ethyl acetate 분획은 TLC (PK-4, PK-6)와 HPLC (peak 1, peak 2)에서 2개의 주성분으로 나타났다. 이 성분들은 LC/ESI-MS/MS를 통해서 PK-6는 kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (astragalin)로, PK-4는 kaempferol-3-O-arabinoside (juglanin)로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과들은 잣나무 잎 추출물이 ROS를 소광시키거나 소거함으로써, 그리고 ROS에 대항하여 세포막을 보호함으로써 생체계, 특히 태양 자외선에 노출된 피부에서 항산화제로서 작용할 수 있음을 가리키며, 잣나무 잎 성분 분석, 그리고 피부 상재균에 대한 항균작용으로부터 항산화, 항노화 및 항균성 화장품 소재로서의 응용 가능성이 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.933-938
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• 2017

Clitocybin A, an isoindolinone from Clitocybe aurantiaca, was investigated to assess its anti-wrinkle properties, through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging and elastase inhibitory activities, procollagen synthesis, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression, in human primary dermal fibroblast-neonatal (HDF-N) cells. Clitocybin A exhibited no significant cytotoxicity up to 10 ppm in HDF-N cells, with cell viability and cell proliferation activity greater than 94.6% and 91.9%, respectively. Strong and concentration-dependent ROS radical scavenging activities of clitocybin A were observed following irradiation with UVB at $30mJ/cm^2$. Furthermore, clitocybin A treatment of cells at 0.1, 1, and 10 ppm exhibited decreased elastase activity, in a concentration-dependent manner, by 1.97%, 6.6%, and 8.31%, respectively, versus the control group. The effects of clitocybin A on procollagen synthesis and MMP-1 expression were investigated. Clitocybin A treatment of cells at 1, 5, and 10 ppm increased procollagen synthesis, by 67.9%, 74.4%, and 112.9%, respectively, versus the control group. At these concentrations, MMP-1 expression decreased significantly following UV irradiation. Together, these findings suggest that clitocybin A may be an effective ingredient for use in anti-wrinkle cosmetic products.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.344-362
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• 2022

Objective: In this study, the antioxidant activity of Ojayeonjong-hwan extracts was compared, and the following results were obtained. Methods: For hydrothermal and ethanol extracts, DPPH free radical and ABTS cationic radical erasing activity and reducing power using the FRAP method were compared, and the association between the antioxidant power of each extract and total phenol content was investigated. Significant results were obtained through in vitro apoptosis analysis through FFITC staining, mitochondrial membrane potential analysis, and ROS level measurement using C2C12 myoblastoma. Results: 1. In a comparison of DPPH free radical and ABTS cationic radical scavenging activity, water, and 70% ethanol extracts of Ojayeonjong-hwan (WEO and EEO) showed superior radical scavenging ability. 2. In the results of reducing power using the FRAP method, WEO and EEO showed antioxidant activity, which was shown to be dependent on the total phenol content contained in the extracts. 3. In comparison to the protective effect against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts, water extracts had no significant effect, but 70% ethanol extracts inhibited H₂O₂-mediated cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. 4. The cytotoxic protective effect of EEO against oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts was correlated with its inhibitory effects on H₂O₂-induced apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. 5. In H₂O₂-treated C2C12 myoblasts, the apoptosis inhibitory effects of EEO were associated with the suppression of mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage. 6. The protective effects of EEO against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts were directly related to the inhibition of ROS generation. Conclusions: Ojayeonjong-hwan extracts all have protective potential against oxidative stress.

• ALGAE
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2012

The thermostability of antioxidant activity of dieckol, a phlorotannin isolated from brown seaweed Ecklonia cava was investigated. The thermostable antioxidant properties of dieckol were evaluated at 30, 60, and $90^{\circ}C$ for 7 days using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, and comparing its performance to that of ascorbic acid. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity and apoptotic body formation were investigated using DCF-DA assay and nuclear staining with Hoechst 33342, propidium iodide and flow cytometry. Dieckol treated at different temperatures during 7 days showed stable scavenging activities on towards DPPH and hydroxyl radicals. In addition, dieckol showed a stable protective effect against $H_2O_2$-induced apoptotic body formation in Vero cells. On the other hand, the radical scavenging activities and intracellular ROS scavenging activities of ascorbic acid, used as a positive control, were significantly decreased at $60^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$ from on the 4th day and 3rd days, respectively. In conclusion, the results indicated that food grade antioxidant extracts containing dieckol derived from E. cava remain a stable during the temperatures encountered during the processing of food and cosmetics.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.275-286
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• 2013

In the present study, antioxidant activity and protective effect of extracts from Sambucus williamsii var. coreana stems (SWC) were evaluated on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) induced oxidative stress in human liver (Chang) cells. Antioxidant activities of the SWC extracts were determined by various radical scavenging activities, such as DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. SWC extracts showed strong antioxidant effect on various assay. To determine the hepatoprotective effects of SWC on t-BHP induced oxidative damage, cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Pretreatment of SWC extracts showed increasing cell viability, decreasing ROS and restoring mitochondria membrane potential on t-BHP induced oxidative stress in Chang cells. Our findings suggest that SWC extracts may be considered a potential agent for therapeutic protective effect from oxidative stress through its antioxidant activity.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2006

We previously identified a novel cancer/testis antigen gene CAGE by screening cDNA expression libraries of human testis and gastric cancer cell lines with sera of gastric cancer patients. CAGE is expressed in many cancers and cancer cell lines, but not in normal tissues apart from the testis. In the present study, we investigated its role in the motility of cells of two human cancer cell lines: HeLa and the human hepatic cancer cell line, SNU387. Induction of CAGE by tetracycline or transient transfection enhanced the migration and invasiveness of HeLa cells, but not the adhesiveness of either cell line. Overexpression of CAGE led to activation of ERK and p38 MAPK but not Akt, and inhibition of ERK by PD98059 or p38 MAPK by SB203580 counteracted the CAGE-promoted increase in motility in both cell lines. Overexpression of CAGE also resulted in a reduction of ROS and an increase of ROS scavenging, associated with induction of catalase activity. Inhibition of ERK and p38 MAPK increased ROS levels in cells transfected with CAGE, suggesting that ROS reduce the motility of both cell lines. Inhibition of ERK and p38 MAPK reduced the induction of catalase activity resulting from overexpression of CAGE, and inhibition of catalase reduced CAGE-promoted motility. We conclude that CAGE enhances the motility of cancer cells by activating ERK and p38 MAPK, inducing catalase activity, and reducing ROS levels.