• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 2009

To study the biological activity of interleukin-$1\beta$(IL-$1\beta$), a proinflammatory cytokine, in nile tilapia, Oreochromis niliticus, the recombinant tilapia IL-$1\beta$ was produced in E. coli cells based on pQE vector. Ni-NTA (nitriloacetic acid) metal affinity chromatography was used to purify recombinant protein. The eluted fractions exhibited a single band of protein with a molecular weight of about 25kDa, which is in close agreement with 25.4 kDa predicted by the cDNA sequence. The biological activity of the purified recombinant tilapia IL-$1\beta$ was tested through its effects on IL-$1\beta$ gene expression, which are known as IL-$1\beta$ inducible genes in mammals and fishes. IL-$1\beta$ gene expression induced by poly I:C, a synthetic double stranded RNA, was also assessed in tilapia head kidney cells. IL-$1\beta$ gene expression was analysed using QPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction). The ratio of the indicated gene expression was expressed as the relative mRNA level to $\beta$-actin mRNA level, which is constitutively expressed in macrophages. Consequently, head kidney cells incubated for three hours with rIL-$1\beta$(10, 2, 1 $\mu{g}$/ml) showed a dose dependent increase in IL-$1\beta$ mRNA levels and 1 $\mu{g}$/ml of poly I:C was also able to induce IL-$1\beta$ gene expression in head kidney in tilapia.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2009

닭의 전염성 F낭병 바이러스(IBDV)가 원인 바이러스인 전염성 F낭병은 전 세계 양계산업에 경제적으로 피해가 큰 중요한 질병이다. 이 연구의 목적은 닭에서 IBDV에 대한 방어면역을 유도하기 위한 in ovo 초회항원자극(priming)과 불활화백신에 의한 보강접종 방법에 항원보강제(adjuvant)로 chicken interleukin 6 (pcDNA-ChIL-6;plasmid encoding chicken interleukin-6)와 levamisole (LMS)의 효과를 조사하는 것이다. IBDV의 VP2, VP, VP3 protein을 암호화하는 유전자백신인 plasmid DNA vaccine (pcDNA-VP243) 단독 또는 pcDNA-ChIL-6 또는 LMS와 함께 18일령 부화란의 양막낭(amniotic sac)에 접종하고 부화한 1주령의 병아리에 불활화 IBD 백신을 근육 접종한 다음 3주령에 고병원성 IBDV인 SH/92 주로 공격 접종하고 10일 동안 관찰하였다. 백신하지 않은 공격접종 대조군이 100%의 폐사율을 보인 반면 pcDNA-VP243 단독 접종군과 pcDNA-VP243에 pcDNA-ChIL-6 또는 LMS를 첨가한 실험군은 모두 100%의 생존율을 나타내었다. 그러나 공격접종 후 F낭의 손상을 평가하기 위한 IBDV RNA의 검출, B/B ratio와 F낭의 병변지수(lesion score) 등을 분석한 결과 pcDNA-VP243에 pcDNA-ChIL-6 또는 LMS를 첨가한 실험군은 pcDNA-VP243 단독 접종군보다 향상된 방어효과를 나타내지 않았다. 이 실험결과는 유전자백신에 의한 in ovo 초회항원자극-불활화백신에 의한 보강접종법이 고병원성 IBDV로부터 닭을 보호하기 위한 효과적인 방법이었으나 pcDNA-ChIL-6 또는 LMS의 첨가로 인한 방어효과의 향상은 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국동물번식학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
• /
• pp.95-95
• /
• 2002

Transgenic rabbits were produced by micoinjection of DNA containing metallothionein promoter ligated to growth hormone receptor (GHR) and IGF-l receptor (IGF-lR) genes. Founder transgenic rabbits transmitted transgenes into pups with Medelian ratio. The mRNA expression of transgenes using Northern blotting with probes of IGF-IR and GHR genes was checked in liver of transgenic rabbits. Transgenic rabbits with IGF-IR and GHR genes more expressed mRNA than control non-transgneic rabbits. (omitted)

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2003

유전자보유 유무에 따른 계통수와 16S rRNA에 의한 계통수를 염기서열 분석이 완료된 33종의 미생물에 대하여neighbor joining method와 bootstrap method(n=1,000)를 이용하여 상관관계를 분석하였다. 각 분류그룹에서 공통적으로 보존된 COG와 각 미생물이 보유하고 있는 ortholog 수에 대한 비율을 조사한 결과, Mezorhiaobium lot의 4.60% Mycoplasma genitalium의 56.57% 사이에 분포하는 것으로 파악되었다. 이는 미생물 종류에 따라서 공통 유전자의 보유정도가 차이를 보이는 것으로 독특한 유전자를 탐색할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하는 결과로 사료되었다. 그리고 같은 종 내에 서도 20% 이상의 ortholog가 서로 독립적인 것을 알 수 있었다. Archaeabacteria와 Proteobacteria 그리고 Firmicutes모두 유전자보유 계통수와 16S rRNA 계통수가 일치하는 부분과 일치하지 않는 부분으로 나뉘어진다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 165 rDNA처림 보존적이지 않은 유전자까지 고려한 결과이거나 horizontal gene transfer에 의한 영향 등으로 사료되었다. COC에 기초한 유전자보유 계통수는 생화학 적 실험과 염기서열에 기초한 분류의 중간자적 입장에서 유용유전자 탐색에 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.167-178
• /
• 1970

체중이 $43{\pm}2g$ 되는 흰쥐 암수 70마리를 7 group으로 나누어 Sugar-casein diet를 사료로 하여 pair-feeding에 의한 50% 식이제한으로 9주간 사육한 실험결과는 다음과 같다. 50%식이제한으로 나타나는 현상은 체중감소와 더불어 각 장기의 무게가 감소하였고 실험기간이 길어질수록 감소율이 높았다. 각 장기중 간과 비장의 무게의 감소가 심했고 뇌가 가장 영향을 적게 받았다. 질소의 체내 보유율은 식이제한 group이 control group 보다 높았으나 몸무게 g당 체내 보유율은 식이제한 group이 높았고 식이제한 group의 몸무게는 감소하여 신체 내에서 단백질의 경제적연 이용을 알 수 있다. 식이제한으로 인한 각장기의 질소 RNA, DNA함량은 비장이 식이제한에 가장 예민하고 뇌가 가장 둔한 경향을 나타내었다. 식이제한으로 Hematology에 뚜렷한 변화는 없고 식이제한으로 anemia의 현상이 나타난다고는 할 수 없고 Serum albumin 이나 A/G Ratio도 두 group 사이에 식이제한 전기간을 통해 차이가 없었다.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.221-224
• /
• 1996

To examine the growth-phase dependent control of Escherichia coli rnpB gene we used a combination of Northern analysis for RNA determination and Southern analysis for plasmid DNA determination. The relative amounts of metabolically unstable transcript derived from the internally deleted rnpB gene harbored on a multicopy plasmid as well as the relative plasmid contents were measured by Northern analysis and Southern analysis, respectively, of total nucleic acids from E coli cells containing the plasmid. The relative transcription activity of the rnB was represented by a ratio of the relative amount of the transcript to that of the plasmid DNA during bacterial growth. The rnpB transcription increased rapidly with time during exponential growth, but started to decrease before the transition period of an exponential growing cell culture into the stationary phase. Although the expression pattern was similar to the changes of ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity expressed from the lysogenic strain carrying the chromosomal rnpB-lacZ fusion which were shown in a previous work, the present data appears to represent a more actual growth-phase control of the rnpB transcription than the previous data by the ${\beta}-galactosidase$ assay. In addition the present method described for a direct analysis of both RNA and plasmid DNA provides a rapid and efficient method that can applied to an examination of transcription control by using a multicopy plasmid.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.163-169
• /
• 1983

Effects of temperature on the gorwth characteristics and the chemical composition of pseudomonas cells grown under glucose-or methanol-utilizing continuous culture were studied. In a glucose-utilizing continuous culture, optimum dilution rate, agitation, pH, and temperature, for the higher biomass yield were $0.45hr^-$, 7000rpm, pH 7.5, and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. But in a methanol-utilizing continuous culture, they were $0.125hr^-$, 600rpm, pH 8, and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. In methanol-utilizing continuous culture, the maximum production rate of the cells was 1.48g, dry wt./1/hr at a dilution rate of $0.45hr^-$, and the cell yield was 0.46g. dry wt./g. glucose. In the methanol-utilizaing continuous culture, the maximum production rate of the cells was 0.33 7g. dry wt./1/hr. at a dilution rate of $0.125hr^-$ and the cell yield was 0.44g dry cell/g. methanol. The contents of protein of the cells increase with the increase ingrowing temperature (from 15 to $30^{\circ}C$), more or less, while the contents of RNA nad carbohydrate of the cells decreased. However, DNA contents of cells growth under the various temperature ranges didn't change. As the temeprature of cultivation rises at a constant dilution rate, the efficiency of RNA in protein synthesis was increased, showing the decreases in the ratio of RNA to protein.

• 한국패류학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.323-330
• /
• 2011

동해안 일대의 양식자원 증식과 어업인의 소득증대를 위해 남해안 일대에서 주를 이루고 있는 전복양식을 동해안 일대로 넓히기 위해서 수심이 깊고 파고가 높은 동해안 지역에 맞는 전복과 해삼 복합사육기를 개발하고 복합사육기의 효과를 알아보고자 양식 생산력을 조사하였다. 전복해삼복합사육기에 각장 5 cm 전복 500마리와 7-9 cm 해삼을 50, 75, 100마리로 각각 넣어 실험한 결과 해삼 적정수용능력은 13-18마리/$m^2$로서 사육기당 52-72마리가 적절하였다. 수용량에 따른 생화학적 건강도를 조사하기 위해서 복합사육기에 각장 5 cm 전복 300마리와 500마리를 각기 달리 수용하고, Reflotron kit를 이용하여 GOT (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase) 와 GPT (glutamate pyruvate transaminase) 를 조사하였으며, 전복과 해삼을 함께 사육하여 RNA/DHA ratio와 DNA 및 RNA contents (ug/mg) 를 조사한 결과, 전복 단독구와 복합사육구간에 유의적인 차이가 없어 (P > 0.05) 전복과 해삼을 함께 양성하더라도 해삼이 전복 성장에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 자체 개발한 전복해삼 복합사육기와 남해안에서 주로 사용되고 있는 전복 사육기의 생산능력을 비교하기 위해서 수하식으로 8개월 동안 실험한 결과, 자체 개발한 복합사육기에서 양식한 전복과 해삼이 성장이 빨라 전복해삼복합사육기가 동해안 일대의 양식사업에 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제26권9호
• /
• pp.1629-1635
• /
• 2016

A novel bacteriophage, PBES 02, infecting Cronobacter sakazakii was isolated and characterized. It has a spherical head of 90 nm in diameter and a tail of 130 nm in length, and belongs to Myoviridae as observed under a transmission electron microscope. The major virion protein appears to be 38 kilodaltons (kDa) in size. The latent period of PBES 02 is 30 min and the burst size is 250. Infectivity of the phage remained intact after exposure to temperatures ranging from 4℃ to 55℃ for 1 h. It was also stable after exposure to pHs ranging from 6 to 10 for 1 h. The phage effectively removed contaminating Cronobacter sakazakii from broth infant formula. PBES 02 has a double-stranded DNA genome of 149,732 bases. Its GC ratio is 50.7%. Sequence analysis revealed that PBES 02 has 299 open reading frames (ORFs) and 14 tRNA genes. Thirty-nine ORFs were annotated, including 24 related to replication and regulation functions, 10 related to structural proteins, and 5 related to DNA packaging. The genome of PBES 02 is closely related to that of two other C. sakazakii phages, CR3 and CR8. Comparison of DNA sequences of genes encoding the major capsid protein revealed a wide geographical distribution of related phages over Asia, Europe, and America.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.5-12
• /
• 1998

This study was designed to examine how dietary protein levels affect organ growth and protein metabolism in early and normally weaned rats. Early and normally weaned rats separated fro the dam on the 15th and 121st day postpartum, respectively. were fed diets containing three levels of protein : low(10%) , normal (20%),and high(40%) . On the 35th day, the weight and DNA, RNA and protein contents in brain , liver, and kidney were determined to ascertain organ and cellular growth. Furthermore, serum total protein , albumin , $\alpha$-amino N and creatine and urinary urea N, and creatinine were determined in order to ascertain protein metabolism and renal functions. Dietary protein levels were not observed to significantly affect total DNA content, which may represent an index of cell number in the liver, brain and kidney. Fresh weight and protein/DNA ratio, which may represent indices of cell size, significantly increased in proportion to dietary protein in the kidney. As for the early weaned rats , the liver cell size significantly decreased. Dietary protein levels and weaning periods did not affect serum total protein and albumin . However, serum urea-N significantly increased in proportion to dietary protein levels whereas serum $\alpha$-amino N was decreased by early weaning . Nitrogen retention was lower in early weaned rats fed low or high levels of protein than in normally weaned rats. The results demonstrate that low or high levels of dietary protein have less desirable effects on protein metabolism in prematurely weaned rats.