• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2018

This paper presents an implementation method of Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) decoder using a general-purpose multicore Digital Signal Processor (DSP), TMS320C6670. Although the DSP provides some useful coprocessors such as turbo decoder, fast Fourier transformer, Viterbi Coprocessor, Bit Rate Coprocessor etc., it is specific to the base station platform implementation not the mobile terminal platform implementation. This paper shows an implementation method of the LTE-A PDSCH decoder using programmable DSP cores as well as the coprocessors of Fast Fourier Transformer and turbo decoder. First, it uses the coprocessor supported by the TMS320C6670, which can be used for PDSCH implementation. Second, we propose a core programming method using DSP optimization method for block diagram of PDSCH that can not use coprocessor. Through the implementation, we have verified a real-time decoding feasibility for the LTE-A downlink physical channel using test vectors which have been generated from LTE-A Reference Measurement Channel (RMC) Waveform R.6.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.291-321
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• 2011

The paper describes a simple numerical FLAC model that was developed to simulate the dynamic response of two instrumented reduced-scale model reinforced soil walls constructed on a 1-g shaking table. The models were 1 m high by 1.4 m wide by 2.4 m long and were constructed with a uniform size sand backfill, a polymeric geogrid reinforcement material with appropriately scaled stiffness, and a structural full-height rigid panel facing. The wall toe was constructed to simulate a perfectly hinged toe (i.e. toe allowed to rotate only) in one model and an idealized sliding toe (i.e. toe allowed to rotate and slide horizontally) in the other. Physical and numerical models were subjected to the same stepped amplitude sinusoidal base acceleration record. The material properties of the component materials (e.g. backfill and reinforcement) were determined from independent laboratory testing (reinforcement) and by back-fitting results of a numerical FLAC model for direct shear box testing to the corresponding physical test results. A simple elastic-plastic model with Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion for the sand was judged to give satisfactory agreement with measured wall results. The numerical results are also compared to closed-form solutions for reinforcement loads. In most cases predicted and closed-form solutions fall within the accuracy of measured loads based on ${\pm}1$ standard deviation applied to physical measurements. The paper summarizes important lessons learned and implications to the seismic design and performance of geosynthetic reinforced soil walls.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.723-738
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• 2017

Rock is a heterogeneous material, which introduces complexity in the analysis of rock slopes, since both the existing discontinuities within the rock mass and the intact rock contribute to the degradation of strength. Rock failure is often catastrophic due to the brittle nature of the material, involving the sliding along structural planes and the fracturing of rock bridge. This paper proposes an advanced discretization method of rock mass based on block theory. An in-house software, GeoSMA-3D, has been developed to generate the discrete fracture network (DFN) model, considering both measured and artificial joints. Measured joints are obtained from the photogrammetry analysis on the excavation face. Statistical tools then facilitate to derive artificial joints within the rock mass. Key blocks are searched to provide guidance on potential reinforcement measures. The discretized blocky system is subsequently implemented into a discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) code. Strength reduction technique is employed to analyze the stability of the slope, where the factor of safety can be obtained once excessive deformation of slope profile is observed. The combined analysis approach also provides the failure mode, which can be used to guide the choice of strengthening strategy if needed. Finally, an illustrated example is presented for the analysis of a rock slope of 20 m height inclined at $60^{\circ}$ using combined GeoSMA-3D and DDA calculation.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2013

As the product lifecycle is getting shorter and various models should be released to respond to the needs of customers and markets, automation-based flexible production line has been recognized as the core competitiveness. According to these trends, system vendors supply cell-level systems such as FMC(Flexible Manufacturing Cell) that is integration of core functions of FMS(Flexible Manufacturing System) and RMC(Reconfigurable Manufacturing Cell) that can easily extend components of FMC. In the cell-based environment, flexible management for shop floor composed of existing job shop, FMCs and RMCs from various system vendors has emerged as an important issue. However, there could be some problems on integrated operation between heterogeneous cells to use vendor-specific cell controllers and on seamless information flow with high level systems such as ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning). In this context, this paper proposes process management systems supporting integrated shop operation of heterogeneous multi-cell based flexible manufacturing environment: First of all, (1) Integrated Shop Operation System to apply the process management system is introduced, and (2) Multi-Layer BOP(Bill-Of-Process) model, a backbone of the process management system, is derived with its data structure. Finally, application of the proposed model is illustrated through system implementation results.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.559-566
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• 2016

This study shows a development procedure and results of noise reduction for a new developed FF 8th speed automatic transmission. Based on planetary gear operating frequency analysis using PTA(planetary transmission analysis) program developed in 2012, It is expected that gear noise of the rear planetary gear set could be recognized easily in the concept design stage. Therefore, pRMC (planetary run many cases) analysis program that is developed in 2012 was applied to minimize the planetary gear noise level and noise distributions versus torque. To minimize noises coming from oil pump and final gears of a new transmission, several changes were applied, such as changing the clearance of double angular ball bearing, the oil pump rotor tooth number from 9 to 11 and the oil pump type from parachoid to megafloid and so on. Besides, stiffness values of the transmission case and the mount bracket were measured and reinforced properly. Finally, The total noise of the new FF 8th speed automatic transmission was developed successfully. Furthermore, E.O.L. testers also have been adapted to control the noise quality of automatic transmission assembly in the manufacturing factory. This paper could provide practical solutions to the automatic transmission NVH problems.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.371-376
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• 1999

제조용 액체 크로마토그래피를 전산모사하는 것은 최적의 분리와 조건을 위해 필수적이다. 제조용 액체 크로마토그래피에서의 단일 성분과 2성분 용출 피크의 거동을 설명하는 수학적 모델을 equilibrium-dispersive model을 이용해 계산을 수행하였다. 모델의 전산모사를 통해 주입되는 시료부피, 시료속의 용질의 농도, 유속, 컬럼길이가 용출되는 피크에 미치는 영향을 확인해 보았다. Equilibrium-dispersive model로 전산모사된 data를 이용하여 단일 성분 시료 주입에 대해 주입 농도와 유속에 대한 영향을 알아본 결과 주입 농도를 증가시킬수록 용출이 일어나는 시점이 앞당겨져 평균 체류 시간이 감소하고 날카로운 피크를 얻을 수 있다. 유속을 증가시키면 시료의 용출 시점이 앞당겨지고, 고정상과의 충분한 상호 작용을 일으키기 전에 용출되기 때문에 피크가 날카로와 진다. 2성분 시료 주입에 대해 분리도값들을 계산한 결과 두번째로 용출되는 시료의 농도를 증가시킬수록 이 시료성분이 더 빨리 용출되므로 분리도값이 감소함을 알 수 있다. 칼럼길이가 분리도에 미치는 영향을 보면 칼럼길이를 길게 할수록 시료성분이 고정상과의 완전한 상호작용으로 분리가 잘되고, 시료의 주입량을 증가시키면 두 성분간의 용출 피크의 간격이 좁아져 분리도 값이 감소함을 알 수 있다. 이 내용을 바탕으로 다성분 분리에 대한 simulation 연구로 확장할 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.975-981
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• 2014

Cervical cancer is an issue of foremost importance globally, specifically affecting the developing nations. Significant advances have taken place with regard to diagnosis of cervical cancer, especially with screening. Appropriate screening measures can thus reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. The most desirable screening technique should be less invasive, easy to perform, cost-effective and cover a wide range of diagnostic icons. Manual liquid based cytology (MLBC) can be considered as one of the suitable technique for screening with the above-mentioned benefits. The aim of the current study was to compare two cervical screening techniques on the basis of different morphological parameters and staining parameters by using modified acetic acid Pap staining to see the possibility of reducing time economy involved in conventional Pap staining (CPS). The study was conducted on a total 88 cases and all were analyzed with both MLBC and CPS. Forty eight cases that were regarded as satisfactory on the basis of Bethesda system by both methods were further recruited for investigation. Their morphological parameters and staining quality were compared and scored according to a scoring system defined in the study. Quality indices was calculated for both staining procedures and smear techniques.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2005

최근 들어 Home 네트워크에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이러한 관심과 더불어 Home 네트워크 산업도 날로 발전하고 있다. Home 네트워크에 관한 관심과 보급이 날로 증가하고 있으며 Home 네트워크 환경에서 외부접근망(Access Network)과 댁내망(Home Network)의 중간에서 Home 네트워크 서비스를 원활하게 중계하고 댁내망안에서 홈기기(PC, 홈패드, DTV 등)들 사이의 중계 역할을 하는 Home 게이트웨이에 대한 중요성 역시 날로 높아지고 있다. 하지만, 아직까지 Home 게이트웨이에 대한 관련 기술의 표준화가 미비한 실정이며, 여러 가지 기술을 적용하여 Home 게이트웨이의 성능을 향상 시키고 표준을 마련하는 작업이 진행중에 있다. 현재 Home 네트워크 관리체계를 보면 대부분이 ID/PASSWORD 접근 방식을 그대로 사용하고 있는 추세이다. 이미 우리는 기존 네트워크 환경에서 '1.25 대란'과 같은 충분한 댓가를 치루며 보안에 대한 교훈을 얻었다. 본 논문에서는 Home 네트워크 환경의 보다 안전하고 효율적인 관리를 위한 방법으로 역할 기반의 다중인증 시스템 RMCS를 구현하여 시스템이 내.외부 모두로부터 안전한 보호를 제안하였다. 기존 ID/PASSWORD 방식을 전자서명을 이용하여 외부망으로부터의 접근에 대한 보안을 강화하였으며, 역할기반의 MIB 구조를 이용하여 Home 네트워크 내부에서도 보다 안전한 권한 제어를 통한 Home 네트워크의 보안을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.123-127
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• 1978

The major objective of this research is to identify those hospital characteristics that best explain cost variation among hospitals and to formulate linear models that can predict hospital costs. Specific emphasis is placed on hospital output, that is, the identification of diagnosis related patient groups (DRGs) which are medically meaningful and demonstrate similar patterns of hospital resource consumption. A casemix index is developed based on the DRGs identified. Considering the common problems encountered in previous hospital cost research, the following study requirements are estab-lished for fulfilling the objectives of this research: 1. Selection of hospitals that exercise similar medical and fiscal practices. 2. Identification of an appropriate data collection mechanism in which demographic and medical characteristics of individual patients as well as accurate and comparable cost information can be derived. 3. Development of a patient classification system in which all the patients treated in hospitals are able to be split into mutually exclusive categories with consistent and stable patterns of resource consumption. 4. Development of a cost finding mechanism through which patient groups' costs can be made comparable across hospitals. A data set of Medicare patients prepared by the Social Security Administration was selected for the study analysis. The data set contained 27,229 record abstracts of Medicare patients discharged from all but one short-term general hospital in Connecticut during the period from January 1, 1971, to December 31, 1972. Each record abstract contained demographic and diagnostic information, as well as charges for specific medical services received. The 'AUT-OGRP System' was used to generate 198 DRGs in which the entire range of Medicare patients were split into mutually exclusive categories, each of which shows a consistent and stable pattern of resource consumption. The 'Departmental Method' was used to generate cost information for the groups of Medicare patients that would be comparable across hospitals. To fulfill the study objectives, an extensive analysis was conducted in the following areas: 1. Analysis of DRGs: in which the level of resource use of each DRG was determined, the length of stay or death rate of each DRG in relation to resource use was characterized, and underlying patterns of the relationships among DRG costs were explained. 2. Exploration of resource use profiles of hospitals; in which the magnitude of differences in the resource uses or death rates incurred in the treatment of Medicare patients among the study hospitals was explored. 3. Casemix analysis; in which four types of casemix-related indices were generated, and the significance of these indices in the explanation of hospital costs was examined. 4. Formulation of linear models to predict hospital costs of Medicare patients; in which nine independent variables (i. e., casemix index, hospital size, complexity of service, teaching activity, location, casemix-adjusted death. rate index, occupancy rate, and casemix-adjusted length of stay index) were used for determining factors in hospital costs. Results from the study analysis indicated that: 1. The system of 198 DRGs for Medicare patient classification was demonstrated not only as a strong tool for determining the pattern of hospital resource utilization of Medicare patients, but also for categorizing patients by their severity of illness. 2. The wei틴fed mean total case cost (TOTC) of the study hospitals for Medicare patients during the study years was $11,27.02 with a standard deviation of $117.20. The hospital with the highest average TOTC ($1538.15) was 2.08 times more expensive than the hospital with the lowest average TOTC ($743.45). The weighted mean per diem total cost (DTOC) of the study hospitals for Medicare patients during the sutdy years was $107.98 with a standard deviation of $15.18. The hospital with the highest average DTOC ($147.23) was 1.87 times more expensive than the hospital with the lowest average DTOC ($78.49). 3. The linear models for each of the six types of hospital costs were formulated using the casemix index and the eight other hospital variables as the determinants. These models explained variance to the extent of 68.7 percent of total case cost (TOTC), 63.5 percent of room and board cost (RMC), 66.2 percent of total ancillary service cost (TANC), 66.3 percent of per diem total cost (DTOC), 56.9 percent of per diem room and board cost (DRMC), and 65.5 percent of per diem ancillary service cost (DTANC). The casemix index alone explained approximately one half of interhospital cost variation: 59.1 percent for TOTC and 44.3 percent for DTOC. Thsee results demonstrate that the casemix index is the most importand determinant of interhospital cost variation Future research and policy implications in regard to the results of this study is envisioned in the following three areas: 1. Utilization of casemix related indices in the Medicare data systems. 2. Refinement of data for hospital cost evaluation. 3. Development of a system for reimbursement and cost control in hospitals.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.105-137
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• 2012

1980년대 마케팅 분야에서 Relationship Marketing이란 새로운 접근방법이 등장한 이후 미국, 유럽 및 아시아 등지에서 다양한 연구가 활발히 이루어져 왔다. 급속한 환경변화와 경쟁의 세계화로 말미암아 기업들은 보다 적극적으로 환경과의 관계를 고려하지 않을 수 없게 된 상황에서 Relationship Marketing은 마케팅뿐만 아니라 전략분야에서도 중추적인 패러다임으로 자리를 잡아가면서 전통적인 마케팅 연구의 한계를 극복하는 동시에 기업의 마케팅 활동에 보다 풍부한 시사점을 제공하고 있다. 그러나 Relationship Marketing의 연구들은 마케팅 시스템의 상적 영역(commercial sector)에서의 관계구조 및 특성에 초점을 맞추는 조직간 관계 중심이 대부분이었다. 역설적으로 Relationship Marketing에 있어서 다시금 소비자 측면을 고려하지 않으면 안 되는 상황이 전개되고 있다. 1990년대 정보통신 기술의 발달과 웹의 상업적 적용이 빠르게 적용되고 있고, 이러한 새로운 기술들은 커뮤니케이션 개념을 변화시키고 있다. 2000년대 뉴미디어와 혁신 기술의 발달로 소비자들은 스스로 확대된 정보 네트워크를 갖추고 활발하게 정보교환을 하면서 생산이나 판매에 참여하고 있다(Kelly 1998: Jenkins 2006). 이러한 기업과 소비자의 변화는 기업과 소비자의 관계를 근본적으로 변화시키고 있는데, 그에 따라 최근 소비현상에서 소비자의 주도적인 역할이 자주 논의되고 있다.(Seybold 2000: Sharma and Sheth 2004: 임종원, 양석준 2006). 디지털 모바일환경에서의 서비스 유통구조인 플랫폼을 통한 새로운 관계 지배구조로서의 공동체(community)가 연구대상이 되고 있고, 행위적 측면에서도 디지털 환경과 맞물린 소비자 참여 역할 변화는 마케팅 시스템에서 커다란 변화를 요구하고 있다. 본 연구는 지금까지의 Relationship Marketing 연구 성과를 (1) 철학적 측면, (2) 구조적 측면, (3) 행동적 측면, (4) 마케팅 성과 측면에서 전통적 마케팅 연구 관점과 비교 검토하는 동시에 21세기의 새로운 현실, 즉 디지털 환경에서 뉴미디어의 보편화와 고객 참여의 고도화에 따른 마케팅 환경과 마케팅 시스템의 변화에 초점을 맞추어 소비자의 조직화라는 관점에서 공동 가치창조를 위한 연결마케팅공동체의 형성 가능성을 제시하고 향후 Relationship Marketing 연구의 방향을 모색해보고자 하였다.