• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.537-544
• /
• 2017

In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of Polyopes affinis ethanol extract (PAEE) was investigated using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and a croton oil-induced ICR mice model. Treatment with PAEE significantly reduced production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, and $IL-1{\beta}$] in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. PAEE treatment also reduced expression of inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$, and mitogen-activated protein kinases in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In the croton oil-induced ear edema test, application of PAEE (10~250 mg/kg body weight) reduced ear edema in a dose-dependent manner, and PAEE treatment at 50 mg/kg body weight showed similar inhibitory effects compared with prednisolone (10 mg/kg body weight). Histological analysis revealed reduced dermal thickness and lower number of infiltrated mast cells. These results suggest that PAEE might be used as a promising anti-inflammatory agent for inhibition of LPS-induced inflammation and ear edema formation.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.38-45
• /
• 1999

Objectives: We explored the characteristics of physiological variables such as electrodermal response(EDR) and electromyography(EMG) in patients with insomnia, panic disorder, and other anxiety disorders. we aimed to decide the minimum sessions in biofeedback treatment to make the treatment effective and examine the effects of long-term biofeedback treatment by measuring the physiological variables. Methods: Thirty seven outpatients who received biofeedback treatment were divided into 3 groups according to the number of biofeedback sessions(patients who received 4-5 sessions, who received 6-9 sessions, and who received more than 10 sessions). We measured mean and delta values of EDR and EMG levels, and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HARS), and Slef-Relaxation Inventory(SRI) in all patients. Data were analyzed by t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The mean and delta values of EDR and EMG levels were not different among the 3 groups during the first 4 biofeedback sessions. However, patients who received more than 10 biofeedback sessions had higher baseline mean EDR value(F=2.233, p=0.036) in the first session, compared with other patients. In patients who received more than 10 biofeedback sessions, mean EDR was significantly reduced after $5^{th}$ session(F=10.41, p<0.01). They showed significant improvement in SRI scores at 12th biofeedback session(t=2.726, p<0.05) and in HARS scores at $6^{th}$(t=3.10, p<0.05) and $12^{th}$ biofeedback session(t=10.93, p<0.001). Conclusions: Wesuggest that patients should receive more than 5 biofeedback sessions to experience internal cues and get a good clinical response to biofeedback treatment.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.572-576
• /
• 2010

Biological products, such as live varicella vaccine, are composed of biological substances derived from biological organisms. It is very difficult to identify these biologics' characteristics by analysis of simple physical and chemical methods alone. So the reference material is essential in order to evaluate the quality of bilogics. The 1'st national standard for varicella live vaccine was manufactured, established in 2002 and 2003, and have been used for the manufacturer's quality control and national lot release since then. As the lack of its availability and the decrease of its stability, this study was initiated by National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NiFDS) in 2008 to manufacture and establish the 2nd national standard for varicella live vaccine. The candidate material was manufactured from one of domestic manufacterers and the joint research of the NiFDS and manufacturers of varicella live vaccine was conducted to estimate of the reliable virus content. In the collaborative study, 3 laboratories including NiFDS performed the virus content test more than 7 times and all assay results were statistically analyzed. The mean coefficient of variation (CV) was 1.24%, and the geometric mean titre (GMT) variation range of each laboratory was low. On the basis of the results of this study, the candidate material of 2nd national standard for varicella live vaccine was assigned a potency of 4.26 log10 pfu/0.5 mL, when reconstituted in 0.7 mL.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.1149-1157
• /
• 2017

Inflammation is the first response of the immune system to infection or irritation in our body. The use of medicinal plants has been widely applied as an alternative source for drug development. One of marine natural resources, the anti-inflammatory effect of Ishige sinicola ethanol extract (ISEE), was evaluated by using LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell and mice model. As a result, the production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$) were inhibited with increasing concentration of ISEE without any cytotoxicity. Furthermore, ISEE suppressed the expression of not only inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) p65, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in a dose-dependent manner. In mice ear edema test, the formation of edema was reduced at the highest dosage of ISEE and the reduction of the number of infiltrated mast cells was observed in histological analysis. These results indicate that ISEE has a potent anti-inflammatory activity and can be used as a pharmaceutical material for many kinds of inflammatory disease.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2008

Three isolates of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were isolated from weed hosts showing typical mosaic symptoms, and some properties of the viruses were investigated. CMV isolates, designated as Is-CMV, Jd-CMV and Pla-CMV from Isodon inflexus, Jeffersonia dubia and Phryma leptostachya var. asiatica, respectively, were identified and characterized by biological reaction in several host plants, serological property, dsRNA analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP). All isolates systemically infected in Nicotiana benthamiana, Cucurbita pepo cv. Black beauty and Cucumis sativus, and did not reveal any differences in these host plants between the isolates. However, remarkable difference in the symptoms was found between the CMVs in Capsicum annuum. Is-CMV induced an asymptomatic symptoms, while Jd-CMV and Pla-CMV produced severe mosaic symptoms in C. annuum plants. In dsRNA analysis, all isolates revealed four major bands with estimated molecular size of 3.4, 3.2, 2.1 and 1.0 kbp. The cDNAs of coat protein gene of the isolates were amplified by RT-PCR using a genus-specific single pair primers that designed to amplify a DNA fragment of approximately ranging from 938 to 966 bp. By restriction mapping analysis using RFLP of the RT-PCR products as well as by serological properties of gel diffusion test, the CMV isolates belong to a typical members of CMV subgroup IA. This is the first report on the occurrence of CMV in the three weed hosts.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.27-31
• /
• 1967

The bamboo is a plant whose culm grows straight up. This growing characteristics has been widely utilized in industry and craft. But the developments of handcraft making and horticultural techniques in recent years become to demand the bent bamboo culms. This study has been conducted at the experimental grove located at Hyunnae Ri, Okkye Myun, Myungju Gun, Kangwon Do since 1960. Although it has been known that the secret for which bamboo shoots complet growth within 40 odd days lies in their rhizomes, this writer felt the bamboo culm sheath might be another factor in addition. Hence some were stripped of sheath in this bending study as the following: 1. Time of sheath stripping. 2. Direction of sheath stripped for arbitrary bending. 3. Accuracy of bending following the size (growth) of bamboo shoots. The following results were obtained: 1. Bamboo shoots begin to appear in April. But the bamboo shot up in June showed the best bending result with 68% of bending efficiency. 2. Bending of the culm was facilitated by stripping off the sheath located on the side of the direction toward which bending was desired. By doing this, the culm could be bent as much as 90 degrees. But the culm totally stripped of sheath could be bent in any direction. 3. In order to determine the accuracy of bending of bamboo shoots growing, sheath were stripped off the shoots of which height ranged from 10 centimeter to 150 centimeters. The shoots with height of 110 centimeters showed the best result with 90%.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.185-193
• /
• 2020

Objectives : The aim of this study was to develop and to verify the Korean version of the Eating Disorder Diagnosis Scale DSM-5 (K-EDDS) as a web-based diagnostic system, which enables rapid diagnosis of patients for early intervention. Methods : A total of 119 persons participated in the study, including patients with eating disorders (n=38) and college students (n=81). Along with the paper-and-pencil SCOFF, all participants completed the web-based K-EDDS, the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionaire (EDE-Q), and the Clinical Impairment Assessment Questionnaire (CIA). The semi-structured interview using the Eating Disorder Examination Interview (EDE) was conducted for participants with two or more SCOFF scores. Within two weeks, the web-based K-EDDS, the EDE-Q, and the CIA were re-tested. Results : In the exploratory factor analysis, four factors were extracted : body dissatisfaction, binge behaviors, binge frequency and compensatory behaviors. The four subscales of the web-based K-EDDS had significant correlation with each of the four subscales of the EDE-Q. The internal consistency of the web-based K-EDDS was highly satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha=0.93). The diagnostic agreement between the web-based K-EDDS and the EDE was excellent (96.83%), and the web-based K-EDDS's test-retest diagnostic agreement was fairly good (92.86%). The web-based K-EDDS and the CIA also showed significant differences between patients and general population, supporting discriminant validity. Conclusions : This study suggested that the web-based K-EDDS is a valid tool for assisting diagnosis of eating disorders based on DSM-5 in clinical and research fields.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.100 no.2
• /
• pp.142-148
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to clarify the change characteristics of stream water quality by type of forest from June to August, 2009 in three stands (Castanea crenata, Pinus densiflora and Plantation Land) of Samgye-ri Naedong-myeon Jinju-si Gyeongsangnam-do. The pH of stream water in three stands was highest in Pinus densiflora (pH 7.18) followed by Castanea crenata (pH 6.90) and Plantation land (pH 6.90) while the electrical conductivity of stream water was highest in Plantation land followed by Castanea crenata stand and Pinus densiflora stand was the lowest. Cations contents of stream water in three stands were high in order of $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^{+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^{+}$, and $NH_{4}{^{+}}$. But anions of stream water in Castanea crenata stand and Pinus densiflora stand were high in order of $SO_{4}{^{2-}}$, $Cl^{-}$ and $NO_{3}{^{-}}$ while those of stream water in Plantation land were high in order of $SO_{4}{^{2-}}$, $NO_{3}{^{-}}$ and $C\lambda^{-}$. The stream water in three stands was significant at pH, EC, $NO{^{3-}}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^{+}$, $Cl^{-}$, TNU and Color by duncan test. These results indicate that quality of stream water have a difference among three stands. The level of pH, $NH_{4}{^{+}}$, $Cl^{-}$, $SO_{4}{^{2-}}$ and $NO_{3}{^{-}}$ of stream water in three stands were within the domestic use standard for drinking water. but turbidity and color of stream water were more than that of domestic use standard for drinking water. Therefore, non-point sources like urban forest watersheds which are soil erosion and fertilizer application lands should be taken to the appropriate mitigation measures if they are to be used as source of drinking water.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.295-304
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to detect the sorghum panicle using YOLOv5 based on RGB images acquired by a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system. The high-resolution images acquired using the RGB camera mounted in the UAV on September 2, 2022 were split into 512×512 size for YOLOv5 analysis. Sorghum panicles were labeled as bounding boxes in the split image. 2,000images of 512×512 size were divided at a ratio of 6:2:2 and used to train, validate, and test the YOLOv5 model, respectively. When learning with YOLOv5s, which has the fewest parameters among YOLOv5 models, sorghum panicles were detected with mAP@50=0.845. In YOLOv5m with more parameters, sorghum panicles could be detected with mAP@50=0.844. Although the performance of the two models is similar, YOLOv5s ( 4 hours 35 minutes) has a faster training time than YOLOv5m (5 hours 15 minutes). Therefore, in terms of time cost, developing the YOLOv5s model was considered more efficient for detecting sorghum panicles. As an important step in predicting sorghum yield, a technique for detecting sorghum panicles using high-resolution RGB images and the YOLOv5 model was presented.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.55 no.6
• /
• pp.642-655
• /
• 2022

Purpose: We examined the effects of the 8-week moderate-intensity Pilates exercise program on body composition, balance ability, metabolic parameters, arterial condition, and eating habits among overweight and obese women. Methods: From the general sample of overweight or obese Korean women (body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m² ), those who had not been diagnosed with any chronic degenerative diseases were enrolled in the study (n = 39). After 8 weeks of the Pilates exercise program, the participants were subdivided into adherence and non-adherence groups. Among the study participants, 24 women were matched for age and menopausal status to reduce the bias, and then finally included for the comparison (Pilates-adherence, n = 12; Pilates-non-adherence, n = 12). Results: The body balance measured by the Y-balance test, body mass index, and subcutaneous fat areas were significantly improved in both groups. However, the Pilate-sadherence group showed more positive changes in body balance and had significant improvement in body composition parameters such as waist size, visceral fat area, systolic blood pressure, arterial aging index, fasting blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin than the Pilates-non-adherence group. In addition, the nutrition quotient for Korean adults (balance, moderation, and behavior except diversity) were significantly improved in both groups after dietary education. However, the participants did not show dramatic improvement in the metabolic parameters, because all the study subjects were in relatively good health and did not have any diagnosed diseases. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that higher adherence to the Pilates exercise program together with a modification of eating habits may effectively improve body balance, body composition, and obesity-related parameters among overweight and obese women.