• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.309-313
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• 2019

This study examined the response of the EMG of URA, LRA, IO, EO and RFM of various types of abdominal motion (crunch, spine V-up on ball, prone V-up on slide board, prone V-up on TRX, and prone V-up power wheel). The subjects performed anisometric contact of abs during these exercises. Tests have shown that there were no statistically significant differences between EO, URA and LRA between any movements. However, during the inspection of IO, the positive-wawed V-up motion showed significantly greater muscle activity than during the slide movement. Also, EMG activity during crunch was significantly lower than any other five exercises. These results indicate that in the implementation of equilateral absolutism, the equipment-free based exercise gives an impetus similar to equipment-based exercise. Abdominal muscle tissue is considered one of the five components that make up an individual's core. The abdominal muscles also ensure proper functioning of the lumbar spine. Although all abdominal muscles contribute to lumbar stabilization, TA & IO has been shown to perform major stabilizers.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.3950-3969
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• 2021

Radio Frequency (RF)-based indoor localization technologies play significant roles in various Internet of Things (IoT) services (e.g., location-based service). Most such technologies require that all the devices comply with a specified technology (e.g., WiFi, ZigBee, and Bluetooth). However, this requirement limits its application scenarios in today's IoT context where multiple devices complied with different standards coexist in a shared environment. To bridge the gap, in this paper, we propose a cross-technology localization approach, which is able to localize target nodes using a different type of devices. Specifically, the proposed framework reuses the existing WiFi infrastructure without introducing additional cost to localize Non-WiFi device (i.e., ZigBee). The key idea is to leverage the interference between devices that share the same operating frequency (e.g., 2.4GHz). Such interference exhibits unique patterns that depend on the target device's location, thus it can be leveraged for cross-technology localization. The proposed framework uses Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to extract salient features of the received WiFi signals, and leverages Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), Gradient Boosting Regression Tree (GBRT) to improve the robustness of our system. We conduct experiments in real scenario and investigate the impact of different factors. Experimental results show that the average localization accuracy of our prototype can reach 1.54m, which demonstrates a promising direction of building cross-technology technologies to fulfill the needs of modern IoT context.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.31-36
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• 2022

In this paper, we present the design, manufacture and test results of Backend unit for SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar) that can be applied on a small satellite. The Backend unit for SAR was designed with a control/storage board, TRX(transmission and receiving) board and a power supply board as a single unit in consideration of the applying of a small satellite. The control/storage board uses RFSoC to generate wideband chirp signal, generate operating timings, and perform control and calculations for SAR operation. The TRX board is designed to convert the wideband chirp signal generated by the control/storage board to the operating frequency of X-band by up-converting the frequency. Since small size, light weight, and low cost are important consideration for small satellite, MIL/Industrial grade components were appropriately applied and the at the same time it was designed to ensure mission life through the radiation test, analysis and space environment tests.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

Objectives : The present study was an evaluation and standardization of herbal components in order to establish the efficacy and safety of Shinbaro pharmacopuncture. Methods : Among the raw materials of Shinbaro pharmacopuncture, the components Cibotii Rhizoma, Eucommiae Cortex, and Ledebouriellae Radix were assessed through ingredient verification experiments using thin-layer chromatography(TLC) and ultraviolet rays(UV) lamps. In addition, we standardized Acanthopanacis Cortex and Achyranthis Radix through validation using high performance liquid chromatograph-diode array detector(HPLC-DAD). Results : As result appeared a blue-white fluorescence under ultraviolet rays; changed to dark green after adding 1 % ferric chloride solution(due to Cibotii Rhizoma), and presented a yellow-green fluorescence when mixed with an ethyl ether under UV lamps by way of the ethyl ether layer, confirming Eucommiae Cortex. Ledebouriellae Radix was confirmed as dark brown spots at Rf values of 0.56 and 0.71 using TLC. Additionally, Acanthopanacis Cortex and Achyranthis Radix HPLC test results showed that linearity was $R^2{\geq}0.99$, and detection limit and quantitation limit were 0.23 to $1.29{\mu}g/mL$, and 0.71 to $3.90{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Furthermore, precision and accuracy were confirmed to have relative standard deviation(RSD) values of 0.10 to 1.89 % and 96.19 to 103.72 %, respectively. Shinbaro pharmacopuncture did not have any overlapping or interference from other peaks in detection under the abovementioned analysis conditions. Conclusions : In conclusion, we confirmed that maintenance of Shinbaro pharmacopuncture validity was possible by means of quality control of Cibotii Rhizoma, Eucommiae Cortex, and Ledebouriellae Radix through ingredient identification and Acanthopanacis Cortex and Achyranthis Radix through high performance liquid chromatograph(HPLC) analysis. Further, we hope to contribute to the development strategy of herbal industry acupuncture.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.1 s.53
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• pp.13-20
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• 1999

We previously reported that Korean red ginseng (KRG) has a relaxation effect on the smooth muscles of corpus cavernosum via nitric oxide (NO) pathway and calcium and potassium channels. However, it is suggested that the active ingredients of KRG might be different depending on the sources of preparation, and there might be differences in actions for different compositions. We first investigated the composition of KRG saponins according to the extractions of the various sources of KRG, then with these extractions the relaxation effects were evaluated in vitro and hemodynamical in vivo using New Zealand white rabbit and rat corpus cavernosum. The total compositions of ginsenoside $(G-Rb_1,\;-Rb_2,\;-Rc,\;-Rd,\;G-Re,\;-Rf,\;-Rg_1)$ in fractionated KRG saponin designated as TS-1, TS-2, TS-3 were $41\%,\;40\%,\;and\;62\%,$ respectively, and the ratios of PD saponin and PT saponin (PD/PT) were 1,55, 1.72, 2.25, and 2.61, the values of which were statistically significant. In vitro studies using the rabbit corpus cavernosal muscle strips, the KRG saponin relaxed cavernosal strips in a dose-dependent manner, and same results were observed in in vivo studies, that KRG saponin increased the intracavernosal pressure in the rat. There was difference in the efficacy according to fractionation techniques. The differences in the total contents of ginsenosides did not affect relaxation, rather PT saponin content was statistically related to the degree of cavernosal relaxation, and this action presumed to be mediated by NO pathway and calcium and potassium channels. In conclusion, KRG exerts relaxation which is a key step in erection via combination of effects on NO system or calcium and potassium channels. The efficacy of this action is different to the sources of ginseng, which is affected by the different composition of ginsenosides $(G-Rb_1,\;-Rb_2,\;-Rc,\;-Rd,\;G-Re,\;-Rf,\;-Rg_1).$ Thus the further studies on the active ingredients such as minor ginsenosides and non-saponin components of red ginseng with maximum potency should be sought.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.487-493
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• 2004

This study has been undertaken to increase availability of native camellia in Jeonnam as a medicinal resource and to isolate the effective components from them. Fresh leaf and flower of camellia, single camellia tea and camellia tea mixed with green tea, herbs were screened for cytotoxicity on MCF -7 (human breast adenocarcinoma pleual effusion), Calu-6 (human pulmonary carcinoma), SNU-601 (human gastric carcinoma) cells. Also their multidrug-resistance reversing activity were evaluated using drug sensitive AML-2/WT and multidrug-resistant AML-2/D100 cells. Among the camellia extracts, young leaf and camellia tea mixed with green tea had strong growth inhibitory effects in below 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL against human cancer cells. In result, young leaf showed the strongest inhibitory effects on MCF -7 ($IC_{50}$/ = 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL ↑), Calu-6 ($IC_{50}$/ = 79 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL), and SNU -601 ($IC_{50}$/ = 39 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL), and AML-2/WT ($IC_{50}$/ = 64 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL). Chemosensitizing effect was the extracts of mature leaf ($IC_{50}$/ = 97 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, RF=3.0), roasted tea ($IC_{50}$/ = 76 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, RF = 2.6 ↑) and steam tea ($IC_{50}$/ = 70 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, RF=2.8 ↑) strongly potentiate vincristine cytotoxicity in AML-2/D100 cells. But their cytotoxicities to both sensitive AML-2/WT and resistant AML-2/D100 cells were in the same order of magnitude. This results indicate that crude extracts of camellia mature leaves would contain some principles which have chemosensitizing activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.494-499
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• 2007

The quality and functional properties of red ginseng in relation to steaming and drying conditions were evaluated. Fresh ginseng (5-year roots), cultivated in the Punggi region, were steamed for 2.5, 3.5, or 4.5 hr, and then dried by hot-air (60-$65^{\circ}C$/24 hr and $40^{\circ}C$,/3-4d) freezing ($-80^{\circ}C$/56 hr), and infrared (900 W/$62^{\circ}C$/68 hr). Hunter#s yellowness (b-value) and browning indexes (420 nm) of the samples were higher in the rootlets than in the main roots. Furthermore, these same index values were found to be high in the order of 3.5, 4.5, and 2.5 hr and infrared, hot-air, and freezing for steaming and subsequent drying, respectively. Analysis of soluble solids, total phenolics, total flavonoids, acidic polysaccharides, and electron donating abilities of the steamed and dried samples showed that 3.5hr of steaming with infrared drying was optimal. However, crude saponin contents were not influenced by steaming and drying conditions. The contents of $ginsenoside-Rg_l$, -Re, -Rf and $-Rb_2$, which were the major components in the samples, were reduced with steaming time, while the amounts of $-Rg_3$ and $-Rh_2$ increased, reaching the highest levels at 3.5 and 4.5 hr in the main roots and rootlets, respectively. The contents of $-Rg_3$ and $-Rh_2$ were similar in both the freeze-dried and hot-air dried samples.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2014

In this study, our aim was to investigate the changes in ginsenosides and polyphenols in red ginseng extract fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus and to manufacture fresh cheese using fermented red ginseng extract. Red ginseng extract (3%, w/v) was fermented by L. acidophilus for 24 h. On performing lactic acid bacteria counts, we determined that L. acidophilus reached its maximum growth phase after 16 h; this was followed by decrease in growth. During fermentation, the levels of ginsenosides Rg3 (20S) and Rg3 (20R) as well as protopanaxadiol (20R), F1, and compound K increased, while those of s Rb2, Rd, Rf, and Rg1 decreased. The pH, titratable acidity, and viable cell counts in fresh cheese prepared using fermented red ginseng extract were measured during the storage period. The pH decreased over time, while titratable acidity and viable cell counts increased with increase in the duration of the storage period. Sensory tests showed that the overall sensory properties of fresh cheese prepared using 1% fermented red ginseng extract were similar to those of the control groups. This result suggests that L. acidophilus-fermented red ginseng has potential for development as a new bioactive material.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.528-543
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• 2005

Statement of problem: Repeated delivery and removal of abutment cause some changes such as wear, scratch or defect of hexagonal structure. It may increase the value of rotational freedom(RF) between hexagonal structures. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate surface changes and rotational freedom between the external hexagon of the implant fixture and internal hexagon of abutment after repeated delivery and removal under SEM and toolmaker's microscope. Materials and methods: Implant systems used for this study were 3i and Avana. Seven pail's of implant fixture, abutment and abutment screws for each system were selected and all fixtures were perpendicularly mounted in liquid unsaturated polyesther with dental surveyor. Each one was embedded beneath the platform of fixture. Surfaces of hexagonal structure before repeated closing and opening of abutment were observed using SEM and rotational freedom was measured by using toolmaker's microscope. Each abutment was secured to the implant future by each abutment screw with recommended torque value using a digital torque controller and was repeatedly delivered and removed by 20 times respectively. After experiment, evaluation for the change of hexagonal structures and measurement of rotational freedom were performed. Result : The results were as follows; 1. Wear of contact area between implant fixture and abutment was considerable in both 3i and Avana system. Scratches and defects were frequently observed at the line-angle of hexagonal structures of implant fixture and abutment. 2. In the SEM view of the external hexagon of implant fixture, the point-angle areas at the corner edge of hexagon were severely worn out in both systems. It was more notable in the case of 3i systems than in that of Avana systems. 3. In the SEM view of the internal hexagon of abutment, Gingi-Hue abutment of 3i systems showed severe wear in micro-stop contacts that were machined into the corners to prevent rotation and cemented abutment of Avana systems showed wear in both surface area adjacent to the corner mating with external hexagon of implant fixture. 4 The mean values of rotational freedom between the external hexagon of the implant fixture and internal hexagon of abutment were 0.48$\pm$0.04$^{\circ}$ in pre-tested 3i systems and 1.18$\pm$0.25$^{\circ}$ after test, and 1.80$\pm$0.04$^{\circ}$ in pre-tested Avana systems and 2.61$\pm$0.16$^{\circ}$ after test. 5. Changes of rotational freedom after test shouted statistical)y a significant increase in both 3i and Avana systems(P<0.05, paired t-test). 6. Statistically, there was no significant difference between amount of increase in the rotational freedom of 3i systems and amount of increase in that of Avana ones(P>0.05, unpaired t-test). Conclusion: Conclusively, it was considered that repeated delivery and remove of abutment by 20 times would not have influence on screw joint stability. However, it caused statistically the significant change of rotational freedom in tested systems. Therefore, it is suggested that repeated delivery and remove of abutment should be minimal as possible as it could be and be done carefully Additionally, it is suggested that the means or treatment to prevent the wear of mating components should be devised.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.1046-1054
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• 2001

Effects of B$_2$O$_3$and CuO addition on the microwave dielectric properties of the PbWO$_4$-TiO$_2$ceramics were investigated in order to use this material as an LTCC material for fabrication of a multilayered RF passive components module. We found that PbWO$_4$could be used as an LTCC material because of its low sintering temperature (8$50^{\circ}C$) and fairy good microwave dielectric properties($\varepsilon$$_{r}$=21.5, Q$\times$f$_{0}$=37200 GHz and $\tau$$_{f}$ =-31 ppm/$^{\circ}C$). In order to stabilize $\tau$$_{f}$ of PbWO$_4$, TiO$_2$was added to the PbWO$_4$and the mixture was sintered at 8$50^{\circ}C$. A near zero $\tau$$_{f}$ value (+0.2 ppm/$^{\circ}C$) was obtained with 8.7 mol% TiO$_2$addition. $\varepsilon$r and Q$\times$f$_{0}$ values were 22.3 and 21400 GHz, respectively. It was believed that the decrement of Q$\times$f$_{0}$ value with TiO$_2$addition was resulted from increasing grain boundary. In order to improve Q$\times$f$_{0}$, various amounts of B$_2$O$_3$and CuO were added to the 0.913PbWO$_4$-0.087TiO$_2$mixture. The optimum amount of CuO was 0.05 wt%. At this addition, the 0.913PbWO$_4$-0.087TiO$_2$ceramic showed $\varepsilon$$_{r}$=23.5, $\tau$$_{f}$ =-2.2ppm/$^{\circ}C$, and Q$\times$f$_{0}$=32900 GHz after sintered at 8$50^{\circ}C$. In case of B$_2$O$_3$addition, the optimum amount range was 1.0~2.5 wt% at which we could obtain following results; $\varepsilon$$_{r}$=20.3~22.1, Q$\times$f$_{0}$=48700~54700 GHz, and $\tau$$_{f}$ =+2.4~+8.2ppm/$^{\circ}C$.