• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.211-220
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• 2000

Shini-San has been used for treatment of allergic disease in Korea. However, its effect in experimental models remains unknown. The mast cell plays a pivotal role in initiating al1ergic response by secreting intracytoplasmic granular mediators such as histamine. The present report describes an inhibitory effect of Shini-San on mast cell-mediated immediate-type al1ergic reactions. Topical application of compound 48/80 can induce an ear swelling response in normal ($WBB6F_1-+/+$) mice but not in congenic mast cell-deficient $WBB6F_1-W/W^v$ mice. Shini-San inhibited concentration dependent mast cell-dependent ear swelling response induced by compound 48/80 in normal mice. Shini-San inhibited concentration-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis induced by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) immunoglobulin E (IgE) in rats by topical application. Shini-San also inhibited in concentration-dependent fashion the histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. Moreover, Shini-San had a significant inhibitory effect on compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic reaction. These results indicate that Shini-San inhibits immediate-type allergic reactions by inhibition of mast cell degranulation in vivo and in vitro.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2000

Objectives: To determine the tumor interstitial fluid pressure(TIFP) in patients with head and neck cancerand predict radiotherapy outcome.Materials and Methods: In 12 biopsy proven primary head and neck cancer patients with accessible by direct inspection and palpation, and of sufficient thickness(>1cm) to permit accurate needle placement, we measured TIFP at cervical lymph node before and during radiotherapy using a modified wick-in-needle technique. Tumor size was measured clinically and radiologically. Results: The mean preradiotherapy TIFP was 23.4mmHg. Preradiotherapy TIFP had significant relationship with tumor size(p=0.0009). Preradiotherapy TIFP was not different between complete response group and partial or less response group(p=0.114). Radiotherapy outcome was not different between group with above and group with below average TIFP(p=0.09). Conclusion: The mean TIFP was elevated with 23.4mmHg before radiation therapy. Preradiotherapy TIFP had significant relationship with tumor size. It is not definitive that TIFP could be prognostic indicator of radiation response.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.73-85
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• 2000

The purposes of the study were (1) to see if there are various types of disc configuration in normal temporomandibular joint and, if so, (2) to examine whether a specific type of disc configuration is susceptible to disc displacement, and (3) to see if a specific type of disc configuration and position is related to early relief of clinical symptoms from the anterior disc displacement without reduction to conservative treatment. From the magnetic resonance (MR) images taken for the patients with symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, 235 images as normal joint group, 255 images as anterior disc displacement with reduction group, and 249 images as anterior disc displacement without reduction group were selected, After the TMJ image was scanned and processed with Photoshop program, the disc configuration was determined, The incidence of various types of disc configuration was analyzed according to age, sex, diagnostic group, and the promptness of symptom relief. The disc position was also examined in relation to the promptness of symptom relief. The results were as follows : 1. In the normal joint group, biconcave type appeared most frequently and reversed, biplanar type in order, Posterior band enlarged and folded type didn't appear at all. On the other hand, in the anterior disc displacement without reduction group, folded type appeared most frequently and also posterior band enlarged type were found often. 2. There were statistically significant differences between sex and configuration of disc in the normal joint group and no statistically significant differences in the anterior disc displacement with reduction group and anterior disc displacement without reduction group, 3. There were no statistically significant differences between age and configuration of disc in the normal, anterior disc displacement with reduction group and anterior disc displacement without reduction group. 4. In anterior disc displacement without reduction group, rapid response was observed in biconcave and reversed type and delayed response was observed in folded type.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.151-166
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to understand what two models of SOLO taxonomy and van Hiele theory suggest and find out what relation there is between the category system of the SOLO taxonomy and the thinking level of the van Hiele theory. The van Hiele theory describes in line of ranking level so that it may increase the teaching effects by putting together a class, which takes into consideration the students thoughts. The SOLO taxonomy focused on the response mode of the students rather than the thinking level or the developmental stage of them to pursuit the method that can describe the students understanding in depth quality-wise. Although the SOLO taxonomy and the van Hiele model seem to have different form and character from outside in terms of their goals, a closer examination reveals that the two stances have much in common and that the models are complementary. Although the van Hiele placed more focus on the thoughts, because the conclusion was based on the students responses, the van Hiele theory can be interpreted within the structure identified in the SOLO model. In this study, we have tried to understand how the response structure form the SOLO taxonomy and the thinking level of the van Hiele theory are related, based on the studies of Pegg and Davery1998). If you briefly look at them, there are following corresponding relation between the SOLO taxonomy and the van Hiele theory. a) The relational level(R) in iconic moe is van Hiele level 1. b) The multisturctural level(M$_2$) in the second cycle of concrete-symbolic mode is van Hiel level 2. c) The relation level(R$_2$) in the second cycle of concrete-symbolic mode is van Hiele level 3. d) The unistructural level(U$_2$) in the second cycle of formal mode is van Hiele level 4. e) The postformal mode is van Hiele levle 5. Though it would be difficult to conclude that these correspondences were perfectly done, if you look at their relation, you can see that the learning process of the students were not carried out uniformly. Therefore, by studying the students response structure, using the SOLO taxonomy, and identifying the learning cycle and understand the geometrical concept more in depth.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.37-51
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• 2001

The clinical study was carried out the 43 patients with Depression who were treated in Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dae Jeon University from 22 February 2000 to 14 November 2001. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The ratio of male and female was 10:33, 60's(32.6%) was frequent, no inducing factor(38.3%) was seen in a lot of cases and many patients came to our hospital by way of west-neuropsychiatry(56.8%). 2. The period of clinical history was frequent from 3 to 10 years(23.2%), the most frequent preceding disease was cardiovascular systemic disease(18.4%). 3. The main clinical symptoms were apprehension alpitation(13.4%), anorexia(9.8%), headache nuchal region stiffness(9.8%), general body weakness(6.5%), chest discomfort(6.5%), dizziness(5.7%), febris(5.3%) and constipation(5.3%). 4. The patient's tongue aspect had pink tongue and empty fur(32.6%) and pulse type had thin and deficient pulse(39.5%). The prescription drugs were Chunggansoyo-san(30.0%), purging liver and alleviating depression to regulate qi, and Guibiondam-tang(15.8%) eliminating phlegm, cooling pericardium and warming gallbladder. 5. The curve was within normal range at Psychoneural system(81.4%), and Visceral system(90.1%). 6. The regulation was Normal(48.1%), RL(27.9%), RR(20.2%) at Psychoneural system and Normal(45.9%), RL(28.5%), RR(20.3%) at Visceral system. 7. Activity and Reactivity had much lower response at 1th, 2th, 3th, 4th, 7th SANGHAN, Polalization had much higher response at 1th, 4th, SANGHAN and much lower response at 2th, 3th, 7th SANGHAN.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.28-45
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• 2000

It was unusual crop weather for 1998 and 1999 compared with normal in Korea. The consecutive days of the optimum ripening period for rice plant that had daily mean temperature 21-23C for 40 days after heading, increased with long anomalies in 1998-99. The air temperature during ripening period was much higher than the optimum temperature and lower sunshine hour than normal in the local adaptability tests of newly developed rice lines during those years. In response of rice cultivation to warming and cloudy weather during crop season, the yield shall be decreased. Most scientists agree that the rate of heating is accelerating and temperature change could become increasingly disruptive. Weather patterns should also become more erratic. Agrometeorologists could be analyzed yearly variations of temperature, sunshine hour and rainfall pattern focused on transient agroclimate change for last a decade. Rice agronomists could be established taking advantage of real time agricultural meteorology information system for fertilization, irrigation, pest control and harvest. Also they could be analyzed the characteristics of flowering response of the recommended and newly bred rice cultivars for suitable cropping plan such as cultural patterns and sowing or transplanting date. Rice breeders should be deeply considered introducing the characteristics of basic vegetative type of flowering response like Tonsil rices as prospective rice cultivars corresponding to global warming because of the rices needed higher temperature at ripening stage than Japonica rices, photoperiod sensitive and thermo-sensitive ecotypes

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.117-128
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• 2003

Thallium-201 scintigraphy is used to discriminate the malignant bone tumor from the benign by qualitatively and quantitatively, and to predict the response of preoperative chemotherapy in osteosarcoma, by comparing the changes of thallium uptake ratio after chemotherapy to the tumor necrosis ratio. Thallium-201 scintigraphy scan should be done prior to surgical biopsy. PICKER Prism 2000 gamma camera with high resolution parallel hole collimator is usually used for scanning. The patient is injected with 2-3mCi of Tl-201 and the early phase is checked in 30 minutes and delayed phase in 3 hours. The scan images are visually evaluated by a blinded nuclear medicine physician. We could evaluate true positive, true negative, false positive and false negative by the comparison of results with those of biopsy, and calculate positive and negative predictive value(%), sensitivity(%), specificity(%) and diagnostic accuracy(%). For the quantitative analysis of thallium uptake, we drew the region of interest on the tumor side and contralateral normal side as mirror image, and calculated the uptake ratio with dividing the amount of gamma count in tumor side by normal side. We could calculate the percent changes of thallium uptake ratio in early and delayed phase, and compare them to the ratio of tumor necrosis. Thallium-201 scintigraphy proved as useful imaging study to discriminate malignant bone tumor from benign, but had exception in giant cell tumor and low grade malignant bone tumors. We can use T1-201 scan to differentiate the benign from the malignant tumor, and to evaluate the response of preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and to determine the residual tumor or local recurrence. For the better result, we need to have a more detail information about false positive cases and a more objective and quantitative reading technique.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2000

Despite extensive investigation, the mechanisms of immune responses to Candida albicans infection remain poorly understood. Using RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis, this study demonstrates the pattern of IL-6 mRNA expression in thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages and NIH3T3 fibroblasts (NIH3T3) in response to C. albicans. The expression of IL-6 mRNA was detectable in both cell types. However, IL-10 mRNA was only expressed in the macrophages, and IL-4 mRNA was not expressed in neither of the two cell types. Although the phagocytic function of the macrophages was inhibited by Cytochalasin D, these macrophages could still induce the expression of IL-6mRNA. These findings indicated that the phagocytosis of C. albicans is not pivotal in the induction of IL-6 mRNA expression. A Northern blot analysis was used to investigate the dose effects of C. albicans and time-course kinetics of IL-6 mRNA expression at various time points. IL-6 mRNA was expressed in a dose-independent manner, and was detectable as early as 30min after C. albicans stimulation. It was evenly sustained up to 4h. These results can contribute to understanding the mechanism of IL-6 mRNA expression in macrophages and NIH3T3 cells in response to C, albicans.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.29-44
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• 2019

This paper examines the trend of restructuring and direction of management response in the Large Purse Seine Fishery. The large-scale fishing industry is one of the most popular fishing areas in the coastal area, and it has been developed by providing exclusive supplies of many types of catchy fish, such as mackerel and horse mackerel through physical productivity in fleet operations. However, the Large Purse Seine Fishery has been declining in profitability due to the deterioration of the business environment since 2000. It is at a crossroads whether it will disappear or regenerate as it is. The Large Purse Seine Fishery's current problems are: firstly, the continued deterioration of the fishery business balance and worsening labor problems, secondly, insufficient freshness management and quality control after landing, and thirdly, import competition. The fourth is the intensification of the market competition, which is the evolution of fishing variability and the increase in the proportion of small fish. The fifth is the reduction of the operating fishing ground due to the suspension of mutual fishing in Korea and Japan. To address these problems and suggest management response directions for the survival of large-scale fishing businesses is as follows. First, a sustainable production system should be established through strengthening resource management and promoting international fisheries cooperation. Second, the profitability of fishing management should be improved by introducing a low-cost supplier system and securing a stable labor force. Third, we should improve the leading and quality control of catch, improve the high value-added value of catch through brand development, and secure competitive advantage with imported produce. Finally, the government should establish a cooperative system among private sector, government, and research institutes to push ahead with these tasks and strengthen the competitiveness of the front and rear industries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.83-89
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• 2000

In hydraulic control system turbine and gear motor type flowmeters are widely used to measure the flow rate under steady flow conditions. With the recent growth of interest in the measurement of instantaneous values of unsteady flow rate the test of the transient response of these flowmeters are in some significance. however an unsteady flow rate mea-surment and its calibration method with a fast response and a high accuracy have not beendeveloped. In this research particularly the dynamic characteristics of turbine and gear motor type flowmeters are investigated experimentally and simple mathematical models are proposed. The measured flow rate waveforms are compared with those by remote instan-taneous flow rate measurement method(RIFM) which has been developed by author and used for calibration As the result of frequency response test gain and phase between the measured flow rate waveforms by turbine type flowmeter and those estimated by RIFM are in good agreement up to 70Hz For the gear motor type flowmeter th simulated results by a math-ematical model proposed here agree well with the experiment nearly up to 100Hz. Also it if sound that the pressure drop across the flowmeter is increased in proportion to the frequency of the flow rate variation in a high frequency region of more than 100Hz. It can be explained that the dealy of gear motor type flowmeter in high frequency regionis mainly attributed to a first order delay consisting of the inertia of gears and internal leakage of the gear motor.