• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.246-253
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• 2023

Salix gracilistyla is widely distributed along riversides in Korea and very good for biomass production by SRC because of its excellent germination ability, but it is necessary to measure drying tolerance for cultivation. The drought tolerance of S. gracilistyla was tested using cuttings, and growth and physiological analysis were performed after irrigation was stopped. The growth inhibition of S. gracilistyla was observed from the day irrigation was stopped, and the soil moisture content decreased to less than 10% on the 25th day after irrigation was stopped. Over 50% of the seedlings turned brown 25 days after watering was stopped. The chlorophyll content of S. gracilistyla decreased dramatically after 25 days of stopping of irrigation. RWC values were unchanged until day 12 after irrigation was stopped but decreased rapidly until day 21, but there was a slightly decreasing trend after that. RWL levels increased slightly during irrigation stops. The proline content of plants subjected to drought stress was 0.91-2.63 mg/0.05 g, 2.75 times higher than that of the control treatment. The sugar content of the drought stress treatment group was 29.77 to 350.66 mg/0.05 g, which increased 12.24 times that of the control treatment. As a result of this study, S. gracilistyla was found to have a drought tolerance almost comparable to that of evergreen broad-leaved trees growing on the land. This study is expected to contribute to the resource utilization S. gracilistyla, a native willow tree of Korea, and the mass production of biomass by SRC.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.253-259
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• 2023

Bioreactors are devices used by sewage treatment plants to process sewage and which produce active sludge, and sediments separated by solid-liquid are treated in anaerobic digestion tanks. In anaerobic digestion tanks, the volume of active sludge deposits is reduced and biogas is produced. After dehydrating the digestive sludge generated after anaerobic digestion, anaerobic digested wastewater, which features a high concentration of organic matters, is generated. In this study, the decomposition of organic carbon and nitrogen was studied by advanced oxidation process. Ozone-microbubble flotation process was used for oxidation pretreatment. During ozonation, the TOC decreased by 11.6%. After ozone treatment, the TOC decreased and the removal rate reached 80.4% as a result of the Ultra Violet-Advanced Oxidation Process (UV-AOP). The results with regard to organic substances before and after treatment differed depending on the organic carbon index, such as CODMn, CODCr, and TOC. Those indexes did not change significantly in ozone treatment, but decreased significantly after the UV-AOP process as the linkage treatment, and were removed by up to 39.1%, 15.2%, and 80.4%, respectively. It was confirmed that biodegradability was improved according to the ratio of CODMn to TOC. As for the nitrogen component, the ammonia nitrogen component showed a level of 3.2×10² mg/L or more, and the content was maintained at 80% even after treatment. Since most of the contaminants are removed from the treated water and its transparency is high, this water can be utilized as a resource that contains high concentrations of nitrogen.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.939-961
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• 2016

For effective conservation of endangered wild plants, it is necessary to understand their interactions with environmental factors in each habitat together with life traits of target species. First, the characteristics of their distribution were investigated followed by their monitoring for 4 years focusing on the habitats in the lagoon. Also, their life traits were compared including production of hibernacles, fruits, and seeds by the soil fertilization and light intensities. Next, the information on the species was secured by germination experiment using the generated seeds from the cultivation experiment. The habitat of Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald in Korea was located in the rear edge of the worldwide distribution and its four habitats were isolated and distributed far away each other. Two of them were located in small salt-marsh and fine sand estuaries formed in the rocky area of the seashore, and the other two were inhabited with the sandy soil in the lagoon which was connected by river-mouth to the sea. Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald tends to be distributed in the sites where the establishment and growth of the competitor were inhibited by salinity, periodic flooding, and lower layer of the soil to extend a roots. It maintained its population by recruitments of hibernacles and seedling. The production of hibernacle was assumed to be affected by the particle consist of the sand together with organic matters in the soil. Seedling recruitment was observed only in the salt-marsh area located in the rear sites of sand ridge where was the shore of the lagoon. Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald was observed to have different threatening factors by each population. Its population in Pohang seemed the sedimentation of fine sand which affected the recruitment of hibernacles had been eroded due to the construction of the coastal road. The population in Ulsan appeared rapid expansion of competitor and reduction of its distribution area due to the interruption of eluted water supplied to the habitat. On the other hand, the habitat in the lagoon maintained the population relatively stable. Especially, the population in Songji-ho was determined to be the most stable one. To sustain the population of Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald distributed in the lagoon, it is suggested that the wide ranged scale of conservational activities is necessary to maintain the mechanisms including the entrance of seawater which belongs to the lagoon, and periodic flooding.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.104-114
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• 2014

Nowadays, forests have been recognized as valuable resources for biological diversity and tourism/recreation. Temple forests occupy 1.3% of all the Korean forest and are under weak management although their ecological states are very good. Currently in the Buddhist society, the concern for the Buddhist arboretum has been raised as a good alternative for the practical use of temple forests to secure the sustainability of the temple forests as well as to actively meet the demand of the times for forests. This study aims to suggest establishment measures of Buddhist arboretum. This survey was performed on 105 temple forest managers and 130 laypersons. To summarize the results, the two groups differ in opinion. The temple forest managers more concerned for advertizing Buddhist culture and enhancing the image of the temple, while the laypersons had higher expectations for relaxation and education. However, they are similar in putting more emphasis on the conserving the heritage value of the temple and managing the temple forest. Above all, both groups evaluated the needs higher than the urgency and perceived managing temple forest as the most crucial function of a Buddhist arboretum. They also thought that a Buddhist arboretum should be planned to respond to the ecological characteristics of the temple area as well as to be non-exclusive to its users. Based on the important findings, five suggestions for a Buddhist arboretum were proposed. First, a Buddhist arboretum should be carried forward from a long-term point of view, developing a bond of sympathy between members of Buddhist society as well as conducting promotion and education to the general public. Second, the most significant function of a Buddhist arboretum should be preserving the temple forest, with the emphasis on relaxation and education. Third, in order to provide nonexclusive use, a Buddhist arboretum should provide mixed programs applicable to diverse user groups for high user satisfaction and educational effects. Fourth, the Buddhistic identification could be obtained through variety of plants closely associated with Buddhist culture. Lastly, in the process of collecting plants, it is also crucial to reflect the image of the temple and resource property so as to contribute itself in conservation and management of original temple forests. Thereby all Buddhist Arboretum can be classified into two types; preservation/collection and display/education/rest.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.397-407
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• 2013

Seasons in Korea have very distinguishable features. Due to continental high pressure, spring in Korea is dry and has low precipitation. Due to climate change derived from the increase of greenhouse gases, climate variability had increased and it became harder to predict. This caused the spring drought harsher than usual. Since 1990s, numbers of chronic drought from winter to spring increased in southern regions of Korea. Such drought in the spring damages the growth and development of the crops sown in the spring and decreases its quantity. For stable agricultural production in the future, it is necessary to assess vulnerability of the relationship between spring drought and agricultural production as well as to establish appropriate measures accordingly. This research used CCGIS program to perform vulnerability assessment on spring drought based on climate change scenario SRES A1B, A1FI, A1T, A2, B1, B2 and RCP 8.5 in 232 regions in Korea. As a result, Every scenario showed that vulnerability of spring drought decreased from 2000s to 2050s. Ratio of decrease was 37% under SRES scenario but, 3% under RCP 8.5 scenario. Also, for 2050 prediction, every scenario predicted the highest vulnerability in Chungcheongnam-do. However, RCP-8.5 predicted higher vulnerability in Gyeonggi-do than SRES scenario. The reason for overall decrease in vulnerability of agriculture for future spring drought is because the increase of precipitation was predicted. The assessment of vulnerability by different regions showed that choosing suitable scenario is very important factor.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.284-288
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• 2005

This study was conducted to clarify the effects of supplying methods of selenium on the growth and Se uptake of hydroponically grown tomato plants. Tomato seeds (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. cv. Momotaro T-93, Daki Seed Co.) were sown in plug tray with fifty holes, and raised for sixty days. Tomato seedlings transplanted to coco fiber slabs were supplied with the nutrient solutions adjusted to EC $2.3dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and pH $5.8\~6.2$ recommended by the Japanese Horticultural Experiment Station. Selenium forms used were inorganic $SeO_2$ (here in after referred to Se) and organic selenium chlenium with sugar fatty acid ester (here in after referred to chelated-Se). 10 ppm selenium solutions were treated to tomato plants with foliar applications, drenching, and foliar application plus drenching. Growth characteristics in terms of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and chlorophyll content were significantly increased in the plot of foliar application ot Se, and in the plot of foliar application plus drenching of chelated-Se than other plots, respectively. Transported contents of selenium into the tomato fruits were highest as 0.302 ppm in the plot of foliar application plus drenching of chelated-Se. Also, it had tended to be higher in the plot of foliar application plus drenching than in the plots of foliar application or drenching in both of Se and chelated-Se. Foliar application and drenching of organic chelated-Se were effective to produce the functional tomato fruits.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.243-254
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• 2019

With the recent accelerated policy-making and interests in new renewable energy, plans to develop and supply the new renewable energy have been devised across multiple regions in Korea. Solar energy, in particular, is being applied to small-scale power supply in provincial areas, as solar cells are used to convert solar energy into electric energy to produce electric power. Nonetheless, in the case of solar power plants, the need for a large stretch of land and considerable sum of financial support implies that the planning step should take into consideration the most suitable meteorological and geographical factors. In this study, the proxy variables of meteorological and geographical factors associated with solar energy were considered in analyzing the vulnerable areas regarding the photovoltaic power generation facility across the nation. GIS was used in the spatial analysis to develop a map for assessing the optimal location for photovoltaic power generation facility. The final vulnerability map developed in this study did not reveal any areas that exhibit vulnerability level 5 (very high) or 1 (very low). Jeollanam-do showed the largest value of vulnerability level 4 (high), while a large value of vulnerability level 3 (moderate) was shown by several administrative districts including Gwangju metropolitan city, Jeollabuk-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Gangwon-do. A value of vulnerability level 2 (low) was shown by the metropolitan cities including Daegu, Ulsan, and Incheon. When the 30 currently operating solar power plants were compared and reviewed, most were found to be in an area of vulnerability level 2 or 3, indicating that the locations were relatively suitable for solar energy. However, the limited data quantity for solar power plants, which is the limitation of this study, prevents the accuracy of the findings to be clearly established. Nevertheless, the significance of this study lies in that an attempt has been made to assess the vulnerability map for photovoltaic power generation facility targeting various regions across the nation, through the use of the GIS-based spatial analysis technique that takes into account the diverse meteorological and geographical factors. Furthermore, by presenting the data obtained for all regions across the nation, the findings of this study are likely to prove useful as the basic data in fields related to the photovoltaic power generation.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.5-13
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• 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of salinity stress on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Crepidiastrum sonchifolium. The plant was treated with NaCl at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 200mM for 6 weeks. After treatment, the whole plant was collected, and 70% ethanol extracts were prepared. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest in the order of NaCl treatment concentrations of 0, 100, and 50mM, while the 200mM treatment group showed the lowest radical scavenging. The total phenol and total flavonoid contents showed very similar results to the antioxidant activity depending on the NaCl concentration, confirming that the phenolic compounds of the plant can contribute to the antioxidant capacity against salinity stress. In addition, the investigation of the effect of NaCl-treated C. sonchifolium extract on the inhibition of NO production in the LPS-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line (Raw 264.7) revealed that NO production significantly decreased in the 1,000㎍/mL treatment group across all NaCl concentration groups. But, the high concentration (1,000㎍/mL) treatment of the 100mM and 200mM NaCl treatment groups was found to have a negative effect on cell survival. These results suggest that radical scavenging activity is highest in healthy plants and that they produce antioxidants to respond to NaCl salinity stress up to 100mM. However, a high NaCl concentration of 200mM has a negative effect on the physiological activity of the plants. Compared with the results of the previously reported growth index, it is thought that the growth and physiological activity of plants can be positively affected in an NaCl treatment environment of 50mM or less.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.spc
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• pp.78-83
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• 2008

Soybean [Glycine max (L.)] is a major source of protein for human and animal feed. Inter- and intra-genotype variation of soybean protein has been investigated by soybean researchers. However, limited sample amount of soybean single seed there is no report that investigated intra-plant variation of soybean protein within soybean plant. Recently a non-destructive NIR (near-infrared reflectance) spectroscopy using single seed grain to analyze seed protein was developed. The objectives of this study were to understand variation of seed protein content within plant and to determine the amount of minimum sample size which can represent protein content for a soybean plant. Frequency distribution of protein content within plant showed normal distribution. There was an intra-cultivar variation for protein content in soybean cultivar Seonnogkong. Difference of protein content among single plants of Seonnokong was recognized at 5% level. Seeds in lower position on plant stem tended to accumulate more protein than in higher position. There was significant difference for protein content between sample size 5 seeds and sample size of more than 5 seeds (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 seeds) at a soybean plant with 57 seeds however no difference was recognized among sample size (5, 10, 20, and 30 seeds) at a soybean plant with 33 seeds. Around 20% seeds of soybean from single plant needed to determine the protein content to represent protein content of single soybean plant. This study is the first one to report evidence of intra-plant variation for proteincontent which detected by non-destructive NIR spectroscopy using single seed grain in soybean.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: This study was performed for the identification and quantification of glucosinolate (GSL) contents in seven varieties of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) sprouts cultivated under dark and light conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Crude glucosinolates (GSLs) were desulfated by treating with aryl sulfatase and purified using diethylaminoethyl sepharose (DEAE) anion exchange column. Individual GSLs were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Eleven GSLs including six aliphatic (progoitrin, sinigrin, glucoalyssin, gluconapoleiferin, gluconapin, and glucobrassicanapin), four indolyl (4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and neoglucobrassicin) and one aromatic (gluconasturtiin) were identified based on the fragmentation patterns of MS spectrum. Aliphatic GSLs were noted as the predominant group with average 85.2% of the total contents. The most abundant GSLs were progoitrin which was ranged at $8.14-118.68{\mu}mol/g$ dry weight (DW). The highest total GSL amounts were documented in 'Hanra' ($146.02{\mu}mol/g$ DW) under light condition and 'Mokpo No. 68' ($86.67{\mu}mol/g$ DW) in dark condition, whereas the lowest was in 'Tamra' (30.13 and $14.50{\mu}mol/g$ DW) in both conditions. The sum of aliphatic GSLs attributed > 80% in all varieties, except 'Tamra' (67.7% and 64.9% in dark and light conditions, respectively) in the total GSL accumulation. Indolyl GSLs were ranged $2.41-15.73{\mu}mol/g$ DW, accounted 2.78-33.6% of the total GSLs in rapeseed varieties. CONCLUSION(S): These results provide valuable information regarding potential beneficial GSL contents individually. This study attempts to contribute to knowledge of the nutritional properties of the different varieties of rapeseed plants. These results may be useful for the evaluation of dietary information.