• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.463-469
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• 2013

Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) is mainly expressed on $CD4^+$ T cells, which plays an important role in immune response. The aim of this study was to detect the association between polymorphisms of the CD4 gene and T lymphocyte subpopulations in pigs, and to investigate the effects of genetic variation on the CD4 gene expression level in immune tissues. Five missense mutations in the CD4 gene were identified using DNA pooling sequencing assays, and two main haplotypes (CCTCC and AGCTG) in strong linkage disequilibrium (with frequencies of 50.26% and 46.34%, respectively) were detected in the population of Large White pigs. Our results indicated that the five SNPs and the two haplotypes were significantly associated with the proportions of $CD4^-CD8^-$, $CD4^+CD8^+$, $CD4^+CD8^-$, $CD4^+$ and $CD4^+/CD8^+$ in peripheral blood (p<0.05). Gene expression analysis showed the mRNA level of the CD4 gene in thymus was significantly higher than that in lymph node and spleen (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between animals with CCTCC/CCTCC genotype and animals with AGCTG/AGCTG genotype in the three immune tissues (p>0.05). These results indicate that the CD4 gene may influence T lymphocyte subpopulations and can be considered as a candidate gene affecting immunity in pigs.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.157-168
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• 2014

In buildings on the street, indiscriminate redevelopment are being made by overlooking the relationship with surrounding landscape to create their own unique meaning, due to industrialization progressed rapidly with human needs of longing for something constantly. Selection and methods of two plans, conservation and utilization should be required, considering heritage values on industrial buildings which are being lost and aged in this redevelopment higher. The attempt for the use of modern industrial heritage becomes a hot topic, and several experimental challenges are being made. However, there are rather many cases of causing industrial buildings' depreciation and one-size-fits-all reproduction performance as it applies other examples as standards by recognizing the reproduction of modern industrial heritage as one trend, not focusing on the trend of the times or paradigm, what the times want. To minimize these problems, we focus on how to utilize industrial buildings beyond the importance of industrial buildings' reproduction, considering the quality of local residents' life as well as the expected effect obtainable due to security of local identity and reproduction of buildings, focusing on the concept of community design that offers and forms a way of community life as the design of shares based on unspecified individuals' common life. Community design's core can be called to have diversity rather than undifferentiated unity by pursuing whole unification, since local residents become those who plan design and all people participate in it. In addition, community design achieves integration with other fields as an enlarged design area without limiting in an environmental area, by making indigenously natural characteristics combined with cultural factors in one context so that people may understand the flow of the place. The importance of effects acquired from modern industrial heritage's reproduction has well-known, and the attempt for utilizing aged heritage as a new value and a function has constantly been made. Now, it's time to focus on how long it lasts through this method, rather than modern industrial heritage's reproduction itself. There can be a significance in this study in proposing methodological solutions on modern industrial heritage's reproduction, not to cause depreciation of industrial buildings by recognizing contemporary trends and uniform regeneration performance, multifaceted research is needed for creative, effective development on modern industrial heritage which will occur constantly.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.40-40
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• 2019

는쟁이냉이는 전국 각지 산지의 응달이나 물가에서 자생하는 여러해살이풀이다. 3월 경 눈을 뚫고나와 가장 이른 봄나물로 식용하기도 한다. 특유의 매운 맛이 있어 식용작물로 발전가능성이 높은 식물종이다. 따라서 본 연구는 는쟁이냉이 재배기술 정립을 위한 기초자료 수집의 일환으로 수행되었다. 차광에 따른 는쟁이냉이 생육특성을 비교 분석하기 위해 경북 봉화군 소재 국립백두대간수목원 양묘장 노지에 무차광, 40% 차광, 55%차광, 65%차광 처리구를 배치 후, 실험을 진행하였다. 생육특성의 비교를 위해 초장, 초폭, 엽 수, 엽길이, 엽너비, 엽병길이, SPAD 값 총 7가지 항목에 대해 생장기(6월), 휴면기(9월) 두 차례 측정하였다. 측정 결과, 모든 측정값이 차광구가 무차광구보다 높게 나타났다. 또한 무차광구는 6월 조사 이후, 7월 말까지 생장량이 줄어들다가 전량 지상부 고사가 발생하여 는쟁이냉이 재배를 위해서는 차광처리가 필수적으로 필요하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 측정항목 중 초장, 초폭, 엽길이, 엽너비, 엽병길이는 차광율이 높을수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 엽록소함량을 추정할 수 있는 SPAD 값은 40% 차광구가 가장 높았고 55%차광구, 65%차광구에서는 오히려 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 엽 수도 40% 차광구가 가장 높았다. 위 결과를 종합해볼 때, 는쟁이냉이 재배 시 55% 이상의 차광율을 적용하면 잎 자체의 크기 증대를 기대할 수 있으며, 40% 수준의 차광율을 적용하면 잎 수와 혁질의 잎을 생산할 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다. 다만, 본 실험은 는쟁이냉이 재배 생산량에 대한 부분에 집중하였고 상품화를 위해서는 품질에 관한 연구가 추가적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2019

참삿갓사초는 전국에 분포하는 여러해살이풀로 사료용, 사방용 소재로 사용되며 조경용, 관상용 지피식물로 사용되기도 한다. 참삿갓사초의 대량증식을 위해 가장 효과적인 파종 시기를 추정하기 위해 생장상을 이용해 인공적인 온도조건을 주고 참삿갓사초 종자의 발아율을 조사하였다. 실험을 위해 온도를 항온조건(30, 25, 20, 15, $5^{\circ}C$)과 변온조건(15/30, 20/10, $25/15^{\circ}C$) 총 8가지 조건으로 설정하여 발아율을 매일 측정하였다. 광조건은 명/암을 매일 12시간씩 반복하였다. 항온조건에서 발아율은 $20^{\circ}C$가 $17{\pm}7%$로 가장 우수하였고, $25^{\circ}C$ ($12{\pm}2.8%$), $30^{\circ}C$ ($3{\pm}1.9%$) 순으로 나타났으며, $15^{\circ}C$, $5^{\circ}C$에서는 발아하지 않았다. 그러나 $20^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$조건에서 통계적인 유의차는 발생되지 않았다. 한편, 변온조건에서의 발아율은 $15/30^{\circ}C$가 $91{\pm}3.8%$로 가장 우수하였고, $25/15^{\circ}C$ ($89{\pm}4.1%$), $20/10^{\circ}C$ ($69{\pm}3.4%$) 순으로 나타났다. 그러나 $15/30^{\circ}C$와 $25/15^{\circ}C$조건에서 통계적인 유의차는 발생되지 않았다. 따라서 참삿갓사초의 종자발아를 위해서는 변온이 필요하며, $25^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도가 필요하다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 가장 효과적인 파종 시기를 추정할 때, 낮-밤 $10^{\circ}C$ 이상의 기온차가 있는 초여름~늦여름 사이가 가장 적절할 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.17-17
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• 2019

진퍼리사초는 한반도 중부 이북에 분포하고, 군락 자생지는 강원도 동해안 석호 주변 모래땅 1곳인 것으로 보고되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 진퍼리사초 현지외보전을 위한 대량증식 연구의 일환으로 가장 효과적인 파종 시기를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 종자의 최적 발아조건을 찾기 위해 배양상 온도조건을 항온(30, 25, 20, 15, $5^{\circ}C$)과 변온(15/30, 20/10, $25/15^{\circ}C$) 총 8가지 조건으로 설정하여 발아율을 매일 측정하였다. 광조건은 명/암을 매일 12시간씩 반복하였으며 모든 실험은 국립백두대간수목원 발아실험실의 생장상에서 진행하였다. 실험결과, 항온조건에서 발아율은 $30^{\circ}C$에서 $39{\pm}7.5%$로 가장 높게 나타났고, $20^{\circ}C$ ($28{\pm}4.3%$), $25^{\circ}C$ ($24{\pm}3.7%$) 순으로 나타났으며, $15^{\circ}C$, $5^{\circ}C$에서는 발아하지 않았다. 한편, 변온조건에서의 발아율은 $25/15^{\circ}C$에서 $60{\pm}5.9%$로 가장 높게 나타났고, $15/30^{\circ}C$ ($43{\pm}4.1%$), $20/10^{\circ}C$ ($26{\pm}3.8%$) 순으로 나타났다. 따라서 진퍼리사초의 종자 발아는 항온보다 변온에서 잘 이루어졌으며, $25^{\circ}C$이상의 온도가 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 가장 효과적인 파종 시기를 추정할 때, 낮 기온이 평균 $25^{\circ}C$이상이며, 일교차가 $10^{\circ}C$ 정도인 초여름이 가장 적절할 것으로 여겨진다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.18-18
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• 2019

층실사초는 경북 북부를 포함한 강원도 지역의 습기있는 음지에서 자생한다. 여러해살이풀로서 주료 사료용으로 사용되며 지피식물 등 정원소재로도 사용된다. 본 연구는 층실사초의 대량증식을 위해 가장 효과적인 파종 시기를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 종자의 최적 발아조건을 찾기 위해 배양상 온도조건을 항온조건(30, 25, 20, 15, $5^{\circ}C$)과 변온조건(15/30, 20/10, $25/15^{\circ}C$) 총 8가지 조건으로 설정하여 발아율을 매일 측정하였다. 광조건은 형광등을 이용한 명조건과 암조건을 매일 12시간씩 반복하였다. 실험결과, 항온조건에서 발아율은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 $36{\pm}6.3%$로 가장 높게 나타났고, $20^{\circ}C$ ($27{\pm}4.4%$), $30^{\circ}C$ ($24{\pm}1.6%$) 순으로 나타났으며, $15^{\circ}C$, $5^{\circ}C$에서는 발아하지 않았다. 한편, 변온조건에서의 발아율은 $25/15^{\circ}C$에서 $22{\pm}7.3%$, $15/30^{\circ}C$에서 $10{\pm}2.5%$ 발아하였고, $20/10^{\circ}C$에서는 발아하지 않았다. 따라서 층실사초 종자의 발아최적온도는 $25^{\circ}C$이고 변온보다 항온이 유리했으며, 이 이상의 온도에서는 오히려 발아율이 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 가장 효과적인 파종 시기를 추정할 때, 낮 기온 $25^{\circ}C$의 초여름에 실시하되, 밤 기온이 너무 내려가지 않도록 조절해준다면 보다 높은 발아율을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다. 그러나 본 연구결과, 최고 발아율이 $36{\pm}6.3%$로 비교적 낮기 때문에 발아율 향상을 위한 추가적인 실험이 필요할 것이다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.862-874
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• 2024

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) supplementation in sow diets before and after farrowing on the sow and piglets' performances during early postpartum period and on sows' backfat and longissimus muscle losses during lactation. Methods: Seventy Landrace×Yorkshire sows and their offspring (1,186 piglets) were distributed into three groups: control (n = 31), treatment-250 (n = 18), and treatment-1000 (n = 21). From 110.2±0.7 days of gestation until farrowing (5.8 days) and throughout the lactation period (25.2 days), sows in the control group were given the conventional lactation diet, while sows in the treatment-250 and treatment-1000 groups received supplements of 250 ppm and 1,000 ppm of A. paniculata, respectively. Results: In sows with parity 3-5, piglets from the treatment-1000 group had higher colostrum intake than the control and treatment-250 groups (p<0.05), but not in sows with parity 6-9. Colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) increased in treated sows versus controls for parity 6-9 (p<0.05), but was consistent for parity 3-5. Piglet performance until day 3 postnatal was similar across groups (p>0.05). Treatment-250 sows had higher feed intake post-farrowing than treatment-1000 sows (p<0.05). Longissimus loss was less in both treatment groups than control (p<0.05), but backfat loss was similar across groups (p>0.05). Post-partum complications were consistent across groups (p>0.05). Farrowing duration and piglet birth intervals in sows with parity 6-9 were prolonged in the treatment-1000 group. Conclusion: Supplementing with 1,000 ppm A. paniculata for 5.8 days pre-farrowing and 25.2 days post-farrowing enhanced sow colostrum IgG and piglet colostrum intake, while also reducing longissimus loss in sows. However, for sows of parity 6-9, this supplementation led to prolonged farrowing, increased intervals between piglet births, increased stillbirth, and reduced piglet birth weight. These effects should be considered when using A. paniculata supplementation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.310-315
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• 2015

Certain bacterial species associate with plant roots in soil. The plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) stimulate plant growth and yield in greenhouse and field. Here, we examined whether application of known bacilli PGPR strains stimulated growth and asexual reproduction in the succulent plant Kalanchoe daigremontiana. Four PGPR strains B. amyloliquefaciens IN937a, B. cereus BS107, B. pumilus INR7, and B. subtilis GB03 were applied to young plantlets by soil-drenching, and plant growth and development was monitored for three months. Aerial growth was significantly stimulated in PGPR-inoculated plants, which was observed as increases in plant height, shoot weight, and stem width. The stimulated growth influenced plant development by increasing the total number of leaves per plant. Treatment with bacilli also increased the total root biomass compared with that of control plants, and led to a 2-fold increase in asexual reproduction and plantlet formation on the leaf. Collectively, our results firstly demonstrate that Bacillus spp. promote vegetative development of K. daigremontiana, and the enhanced growth stimulates asexual reproduction and plantlet formation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.153-156
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• 1988

Bovine blastocysts were obtained by in-vitro culture of embryos derived from in-vitro fertilization of oocytes matured in-vitro. These blastocysts and blastocysts from inseminated donors were bisected by a simple method (without a holding pipette) using a microblade operated by a micromanipulator. A pair of demi-embryos was transferred nonsurgically into each uterine horn of a recipient cow 6 or 8 days after estrus. Pregnancy resulted from the third transfer. Ultrasound examination done 52 days after estrus (46 days after transfer) confirmed the presence of at least one fetus in the each uterine horn. This is the first report to show the viability of bisected bovine blastocysts obtained from in-vitro culture of embryos derived from in-vitro fertilization of oocytes matured in-vitro. In addition, a simple method to bisect bovine embryos is described.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.267-272
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• 2016

Wholesale beef price is the critical factor for determining Korean native cattle, Hanwoo, farm's income in short-term. Wholesale beef price has seasonality due to high demand in Korean traditional holidays such as Korean thanksgiving day and lunar new year's day. Therefore, it is important to make reproduction and marketing plans for Korean Hanwoo farmers, in order to increase their farm income. However, there is no study available on changes in the expected farm income depending on reproduction and marketing schedules. This study analyzed the expected farm income per head depending on the monthly-based marketing schedules. The analysis was conducted based on the seasonality of wholesale beef price, reproduction efficiency, operating costs, relationship between carcass grade and slaughter age. The result shows that slaughter Hanwoo at the age of 29 months-old in August and January generating the highest expected farm income per head.